Erica Mann
Erica Mann (1917 - 2007) bụ onye na ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na Onye na-eme atụmatụ obodo nke biri ma rụọ ọrụ na Kenya maka ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndụ ya niile, mgbe ọ gbapụrụ n'ụlọ ya na Romania n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. O nyere aka dị ukwuu na atụmatụ ukwu nke 1948 maka Nairobi ma bụrụkwa onye isi na eme atụmatụ Mombasa na akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke Kenya. Ọ malitere inwe mmasị na ọrụ mmepe na achọ imeziwanye ọnọdụ ndụ ma bụrụ onye nduzi nke ọrụ "Women in Kibwezi", nke a nabatara na nzukọ United Nations Habitat II na 1996. Ọrụ "Woman in Kibwezi" bụ naanị otu n'ime ọtụtụ NGO ọ gara gafee Kenya, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na etinye aka n'ịkwalite ndị inyom. N'afọ 2003, e nyere ya aha Architect Laureate maka Kenya.
Erica Mann
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| Profile view of Erica Mann | |
| A mụrụ ya | Erika Schoenbaum 1917Vienna, Austria-Hungary
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| Nwụrụ | 4 June 2007 (afọ 90) |
| Alma mater | Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ọcha |
| Ọrụ (s) | Onye na-eme atụmatụ obodo, onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ |
| A maara ya maka | Page Àtụ:Hlist/styles.css has no content.
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| Nwunye | Igor Mann |
| Ụmụaka | Kenny Mann |
Ndụ onwe onye
dezieA mụrụ ya Erika Schoenbaum na Vienna na 1917 ma too na Romania ebe ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ na Bucharest tupu ọ mụọ ihe owuwu na École des Beaux Arts na Paris. Ọ lụrụ di ya Igor Mann izu ole na ole mgbe ọ zutere ya ma hụ ya n'anya.[1] Ọ bụ dọkịta anụmanụ Polish nke hapụrụ ala nna ya mgbe Ndị Nazi Germany wakporo ya. Na ngwụcha afọ 1940, ndị Manns, ndị bụ ndị Juu na abụghị ndị Juu, gbapụrụ gafee Danube gaa n'udo, na aga n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na ndịda site na Palestine na Ijipt tupu ha nọrọ ọnwa ole na ole n'ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ nke Britain na Northern Rhodesia.[2] N'afọ 1942, ha kwagara Kenya, mgbe ahụ n'okpuru ọchịchị Britain, wee biri ebe ahụ. Ha ghọrọ ụmụ amaala Britain na 1948, ọ bụ ezie na Mann adịghị mgbe niile ka ndị Britain bi na Kenya nabatara ya.[3] A maara ya na di ya maka ịnabata "ụlọ mepere emepe" n'ehihie ebe ha na anabata ndị ọbịa si n'agbụrụ niile: ndị ọrụ ibe ha, ndị na ese ihe, ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị ọzọ si na "ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi".[1] Ha nwere ụmụ atọ.
Ọrụ
dezieN'oge na adịghị anya mgbe ọ biri na Kenya, nchịkwa nke ndị na-achị ala ahụ guzobere ngalaba nhazi obodo na Nairobi. Mann tinyere akwụkwọ ka ọ sonye na ya ma rụọ ọrụ na atụmatụ ukwu 1948 maka obodo ahụ. Ọ bụ ezie na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke atụmatụ mbụ ahụ ka dị, dị ka mpaghara Jericho na Ofafa nke Mann mepụtara, [1] o kwuru na 1990s na Nairobi abụghị obodo ya na ndị ọrụ ibe ya mere atụmatụ, ọ bụ ezie na ọ haziri ụfọdụ n'ime okporo ụzọ sara mbara. [4]
N'oge na adịghị anya, a matara ya dị ka onye nwere nkà na onye na-eme ememe obodo ma ihe onye isi na eme nhazi na nchịkọta maka ọtụtụ nnukwu ọrụ, na-ahụ maka ngwaahịa na nchịkọta ihe maka onyinye onyinye. Echiche nke "Ekistics" nke gbara ume ka a na eme zuru oke maka ike ebe obibi mmadụ.[1] Mann nwere ikike n'ihe osise ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Africa, na ajụjụ echiche ọ bleba na ha bụ "ndị mbụ", ma dee ma eleghị anya isiokwu ahụ. Ọ bụrụ obodo dị ka "nwere dị mma obodo maka n'ihi na ọ na ewulite na ikike ebumpụta ụwa ya maka onwe ya, ya na obodo ọ bi na gburugburu ebe obibi dị mma".[2]
Ọ nọgidere na akpọtụrụ echiche nke ndị na ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na ndị na eche echiche n'ụwa niile ma na-akwalite ọrụ nke "ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi" na ndị na'emepụta ihe ọhụrụ na magazin ndị ọ tọrọ ntọala: Build Kenya and Plan East Africa . [4] N'afọ 1952, ọ malitere ịhazi ọrụ n'obodo Mombasa na Coastal Province. N'afọ 1962, ọ kwagara Central Province maka afọ iri ọzọ, wee gaa North-Eastern Province.[2]
Mgbe Kenya nweere onwe ya na 1963 Mann bụ otu n'ime ndị Europe ụkpụrụ na eje ozi n'okpuru ọrụ ọhụrụ. Ọ Charles akwụkwọ onwe ma nwee obi ụtọ ọrụ ọrụ n'okpuru Onye isi ala Kenyatta onye akwụkwọ na ịga n'ihu na ike nke nta nke nta. Ọ gara ọtụtụ ịdọ aka ná ntị mba ụwa dị ka onye isi anya Kenya, [1] ma n'etiti 1964 na 1968 a na-eje ozi ya aka mgbe ụfọdụ ka ọ na ikpe ihe ngosi azụmahịa mba ofesi. Mmasị ya akpata na-adịgide na ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ ma ọ na-achị ya dị ka onye na akwado onye kwuo uche ya. N'afọ 1972, o akara Council for Human Ecology: Kenya, nke a na-dị ka CHEK, na pho onwe ya maka inye ụmụ ime obodo ikike yana mgbagwoju ebe obibi. CHEK nche nche anwụ maka ọtụtụ mbo NGO. Na CHEK, Mann duziri ọrụ ime obodo nke Women in Kibwezi nke nyere ọtụtụ puku ụmụ akwado nkwado n'ịmepụta onwe ha, ihe na-eme na Ịkpa iku (ụka ọkụ), ime brik, na-ehichapụ ewi. United Nations Habitat II nabatara nke a dị ka ọrụ bara uru ma na aga nke ọma na 1996. [2] A maara Mann maka LED miri emi ya maka ihe na ihe nke ụmụ amaala Kenya, na arụ ọrụ dịka ọmụmaatụ iji ihe nkiri nke arịa botanical nke ọtụtụ ndị na-ede-nna akwụkwọ akụkọ.
Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká n'ọrụ gọọmentị na 1984 ụfọdụ n'ime ihe okike Mann banyere n'ime nchịkọta ya pụrụ iche nke osisi ndị na atọ ụtọ sitere n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke kọntinent Afrịka, nke a haziri n'ogige nka na nke a hazirinụ. Ọ dọtara uche mba ụwa site n'aka ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ gụnyere ụfọdụ sitere na Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London. Erica chịkọtakwara otu n'ime nnukwu nchịkọta nke nka Africa n'ebe ọ bụla n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka.
Ihe Nketa
dezieE nyere Mann utu aha Architect Laureate na 2003.[2] Afọ anọ ka e mesịrị, ọ nwụrụ, na 4 June 2007, obere oge tupu afọ 90 ya. [1] N'ememe ncheta ya, onye bụbu onyeisi oche nke Architects Association of Kenya, kwuru na ọ bụ "nwanyi naanị ya n'ọhịa nke ụmụ nwoke - otu ihe mere o ji sonye na International Union of Women Architects yana ịghọ onye otu Kenya Association of University Women". N'akwụkwọ ncheta Mann kwuru, "M na agbalịkarị itinye isi na aka m n'ụzọ dị mma, mgbe niile obi m na eduzi ya. Site n'echiche a, ekwusiwo m na m bụ onye zuru oke n'ihi na ejirila onyinye ọ bụla nke onye mepụtara m nyere. "N'ide obere oge mgbe ọnwụ Mann gasịrị, Betty Caplan, n'akwụkwọ ọnwụ akpọrọ "A Woman of Substance", kọwara ya dị ka "Onye na eme atụmatụ obodo, onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, onye njikwa ọrụ, onye na nchekwa, onye na aṅụ, onye na onye na elekọta, onye na ndị na-ekwu okwu asaa, onye na'ịkọ ọnụ ahịa, onye na ụmụ nwanyị"[1][2]
N'afọ 2013, e cheta ndụ Erica na Kenya na ihe nkiri akpọrọ Beautiful Tree, Severed Roots . Ọ bụ nwa nwanyị Erica, Kenny duziri ihe nkiri ahụ.[3] Aha ihe nkiri ahụ na ezo aka na aha nwa agbọghọ Erica, Schoenbaum, nke pụtara "osisi mara mma".
Ihe odide
dezie- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mann (2013-09-01). Courage and hard work that left an indelible mark. Nation Media Group.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Caplan (2007-07-17). A Woman of Substance. The East African.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lee (2013-04-01). Erica Mann and an Intimate Source. Abe Journal.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Tiven (2013). On The Delight of the Yearner: Ernst May and Erica Mann in Nairobi, Kenya, 1933–1953. Journal of Contemporary African Art. Archived from the original on 2017-01-22. Retrieved on 2016-10-12.