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Enyemaka mba

Onyinye a nwanne nke mba (NDCs) bụ nkwa nke mba na-eme iji gbata ikuku ikuku griin ha dị ka ụgwọ nke mbelata ihu igwe .  Nkwenye ndị a play atumatu na usoro dị maka mkpa imezu nke zuru ụwa nke ọnụ edobere na-abụ Paris .  Agreement Paris nwewere ,dị ogologo oge nke bụ idobe ịrị elu nke ụkpụrụ elu ụwa ka ọ dị n'okpuru 2 Celsius C (3.6 °F) dị elu ụzọ ụlọ ọrụ .  Nkwe ahụ ahụ echiche na ọkachamma oke nke nhọrọ kwesịrị ịbụ naanị 1.5 Celsius C (2.7 °F) .  Iji ihe arịrịọ ọsọ a, e-ebelata ikuku ikuku grin ha, yana dịka o kwere mee.  [1] Ka malitere n'okpuru 1.5 Celsius C nke okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ, ọ dị mkpa ka ebibie ihe site na 50% site na 2030. Akọọgụ a na-eburu n'uche nkwa ma ọ bụ NDC edebere nke obodo ọ gbalaga.. [1]

Ndị NDC na-akwado mbọ obodo ọlụ na-eme iji ikuku ikuku nke mba na ime nche na ike ihu igwe.  [2] Agreement Paris mgbasa onye ọ ALA n'ime ndị otu 193 iji kwado, kwupụta na idobe NDC na-achọpụta ihe ha bu n'obi imezu.  [2] A ike imelite NDC kwa afọ ise. [2]

Tupu tupu Paris na 2015, a na-akpọ NDC dị ka nri egosisiri ike na mba (INDCs) na mmetụta njikọ.  Ndị INDC bụ ndị mbụ, nkwa apụ nke mba dị iche iche mere, ebe NDC na-agba ụfọdụ mana ọ bụghị iwu aha.

Mba dị iche iche na-eche ọtụtụ nsogbu mba ihu na mmejuputa NDC, dịka ọmụmaatụ ịmepụta ikike maka ịhazi ihe omume gburugburu NDC na ịkwanye mmejuputa ha; na ikwado ihe mgbochi akụrụngwa maka ịzụlite na imejuputa atumatu mgbanwe ihu igwe. [3] Ọnụego mbelata ihe ntọhapụ kwesịrị ịbawanye site na 80% gafere NDC ka enwere ike iru 2 Ogo ogo elu elu nke nkwekọrịta Paris (data dịka nke 2021). [4] Ihe puru omume nke nnukwu emitters na-ezute NDC ha na-enweghị mmụba dị otú ahụ dị ala. Ya mere, na ọnọdụ dị ugbu a enwere ike ịnọ n'okpuru 2 Celsius C nke ikpo ọkụ bụ naanị 5% - ma ọ bụrụ na ndị NDC zutere ma gaa n'ihu na post-2030 site na usoro ntinye aka niile, ihe gbasara nke puru omume ga-abụ 26%. [4]

Ọrụ n'ime nkwekọrịta Paris

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[5] [6] Nhazi nke NDC na-alụ usoro elu-ala nke mba ụwa omenala na usoro nke ala-n'ime ihe ndị sitere na nke mba na-ahụ ihe omume ọsọ na atumatu nke ha n' nchekwa obodo, ikike na ihe ndị dị  mkpa.  LED n'ozuzu ya bụ ibelata ikuku griin haus zuru ụwa ọnụ iji ọnụ oke akara anthropogenic ịrị elu nke ọma n'okpuru 2 Celsius C (3.6 °F) ụzọ ụlọ ọrụ mbụ;  na Gerso mbọ iji gāban na 1.5 Celsius C (2.7 °F).

Ndị NDC nwere usoro ndị e mere maka mbelata ikuku ikuku ma na-achọkwa ileba anya na e usoro mere iji mee LED na ike ihu igwe, yana Nkwado obodo mmetụta, ma ọ bụ ga-enye, iji gboo odi ihu igwe.  Mgbe mbụ mbụ nke INDC na March 2015, usoro, usoro na-esote iji egbochi nke INDC ndị a ọkpụkpọ tupu 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference . [5]

Ozi ana-ebe site na otu ndị na-akpa na n'otu n'otu, yana foto zuru oke nke enwetara site na " stocktake zuru ụwa ọnụ " ga-enyeghachi azụ n'ime ma na-akpụzi usoro nke steeti 'na-esote nkwa.  Echiche a, n'ozuzu ya, bụ na usoro a ga-enye ọtụtụ ụzọ ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè nke ụlọ na nke mba ụwa nwere ike isi pụta, na-eme ka a na-eme egwu ndị ọzọ dị oke egwu na ụgbọ okporo ígwè.  na steeti ha rube isi na mpempe ha siri ike nke obodo [7]

Ndị NDC bụ mmalite gas grin na mbụ n'okpuru UNFCCC nke siyaad ma mba ndị mepere emepe na mba ndị ka na-emepe ụzọ. [5]

Etiti oge

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E digbe idobe NDC kwa afọ ise ma UNFCCC Secretariat ga-edebanye aha ya.  [9] Oge ndị ahụ na-akwado mmelite oge niile iji mmetụta ma ọ bụ nnukwu ike.

Ndị otu (mba ma ọ bụ mpaghara mpaghara nke mba) na-aza ajụjụ na-eguzobe NDC n'adabereghị. Agbanyeghị, edobere ha n'ime usoro “catalytic” nwere njikọ chiri anya emebere iji kwalite omume ihu igwe ka oge na-aga. [8] Ozugbo steeti debere NDC mbụ ha, a na-atụ anya na a ga-emelite ndị a na okirikiri afọ 5. A ga-ebipụta akụkọ ọganihu nke afọ ọ bụla nke na-agbaso ọganihu n'ebumnobi ndị e depụtara na NDC steeti. A ga-edobe ihe ndị a na nyocha teknụzụ, ma ga-ejikọta ọnụ na mmega ahụ zuru ụwa ọnụ, n'onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ na okirikiri nke afọ 5, ebe a ga-enyocha mkpokọta NDC zuru oke. </link>[ a chọrọ nkọwa ]

 
Ebumnuche mbelata ikuku ikuku nke Paris yana mbelata ndụ n'ezie enyere

Site na Index Mgbanwe Climate Change Performance Index, Climate Action Tracker [10] na Climate Clock, ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịhụ na ihe ka obodo ọ llaa si dị ugbu a iji mekọrịta mgbe Paris.  Ngwa ndị a na-enye ikike n'ozuzu nchịkọta mbelata mkpokọta na nke obodo dị ugbu a.  Ha Carnyere n'ihe gbasara mbelata ikuku a na-enye n'otu mba, maka nha ọ akwadoro na NDC

Ka ọ dị na Machị 31, 2020, ndị otu 186 (mba 185 gbakwunyere European Union) ezigarala NDC nke mbụ ha na Mgbakọ Framework nke United Nations na Secretary Change Climate Change .  Otu ndị UN kwuru n'afọ 2020 na: "ụwa apụọla n'ụzọ iji zute nchọpụta a n'ọkwa dị ugbu a nke nkwado mba ụwa." [9]

LED Sustainable Development Goal 13 na omume ihu igwe nwere ihe ngosi NDC maka ngosipụta nke abụọ: Ngosipụta 13.2.1 bụ “Ọnụrị nke mba nwewe nke aka nke mba, ndụ ogologo oge, ebelata mba, ụgwọ dị ka akọwara na ikike  ikike na mba [10]

 
Amụma amụma puru omume emelitere nke CO 2, dabere na data ruo 2015

Mba dị iche iche na-eche ọtụtụ nsogbu mba ihu na mmejuputa NDC, dịka ọmụmaatụ ịmepụta ikike maka ịhazi ihe omume gburugburu NDC na ịkwanye mmejuputa ha; na ikwado ihe mgbochi akụrụngwa maka ịzụlite na imejuputa atumatu mgbanwe ihu igwe. [11] Ọnụego mbelata ihe ọkụkụ kwesịrị ịbawanye site na 80% gafere NDC ka enwere ike iru 2 Ogo ogo elu elu nke nkwekọrịta Paris (data dịka nke 2021). [4] Ihe puru omume nke nnukwu emitters na-ezute NDC ha na-enweghị mmụba dị otú ahụ dị ala. Ya mere, na ọnọdụ dị ugbu a enwere ike ịnọ n'okpuru 2 Celsius C nke ikpo ọkụ bụ naanị 5% - ma ọ bụrụ na ndị NDC zutere ma gaa n'ihu na post-2030 site na usoro ntinye aka niile, ihe gbasara nke puru omume ga-abụ 26%. [4]

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Ndị NDC nwere ihe mbụ n'usoro nkwa na nleba anya nke ndị mkparita ụka mgbanwe mgbanwe ihu igwe mba ụwa tụlere na mbido 1990s. [12] A gwara mba niile bụ ndị so na United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ka ha bipụta onyinye ha kpebiri na mba ha (INDC) na 2013 United Nations Climate Change Conference nke emere na Warsaw, Poland, na Nọvemba 2013. [13] [14] Ekpebiri onyinye ndị e bu n'obi n'enweghị ajọ mbunobi na usoro iwu nke onyinye. [14] Ezubere okwu a ka ọ bụrụ nkwekọrịta n'etiti "mmachi mkpochapụ na ebumnobi mbelata" (QELROs) na " Mmetụta Mbelata Kwesịrị Ekwesị nke Mba " (NAMAs) nke Kyoto Protocol jiri kọwaa ọrụ iwu dị iche iche nke mba mepere emepe na mba ndị na-emepe emepe.

Mgbe nkwekọrịta Paris malitere na 2016, ndị INDC ghọrọ NDC mbụ mgbe mba kwadoro nkwekọrịta ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na o kpebiri ịnye NDC ọhụrụ n'otu oge ahụ. Ndị NDC bụ ebumnuche gas griin na mbụ n'okpuru UNFCCC nke metụtara ma mba ndị mepere emepe na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe. [5]

Ntinye aka nke mba ekpebisiri ike (INDC).

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Na 27 February 2015, Switzerland ghọrọ mba izizi nyefere INDC ya. [15] Switzerland kwuru na ọ nwetala ịrị elu okpomọkụ nke 1.75 Celsius C kemgbe 1864, na ebumnuche ibelata ikuku griin haus 50% site na 2030. [16]

India nyefere INDC ya na UNFCCC na Ọktoba 2015, na-agba mbọ ibelata oke ikuku nke GDP site na 33-35% site na 2030 site na ọkwa 2005. [17] Na nrubeisi ya, India dere na ọ chọrọ "opekata mpe ijeri USD 2.5" iji nweta ebumnuche ya nke 2015-2030, yana "mkpa ego ihu igwe mba ụwa" ga-abụ ihe dị iche na "ihe a ga-esi na isi mmalite ụlọ." [18]

N'ime mba ndị a nyochara, 85% kwuru na a na-ama ha aka site na obere oge dịnụ iji zụlite INDCs. Ihe ịma aka ndị ọzọ a kọrọ gụnyere ihe isi ike iji nweta nkwado ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị elu, enweghị ntụkwasị obi na nduzi maka ihe a ga-etinye na INDCs, na oke nka maka nyocha nke nhọrọ ọrụ aka. Agbanyeghị, n'agbanyeghị ihe ịma aka, ihe na-erughị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke mba kwuru na ha enwetala nkwado mba ụwa iji kwado INDC ha, ihe karịrị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ gosiri na ha ka na-etinye akwụkwọ maka nkwado mba ụwa. [19] Usoro INDC na ihe ịma aka ndị ọ na-eweta bụ ihe pụrụ iche na obodo ọ bụla na enweghị usoro ma ọ bụ usoro "otu-dabara-niile". [20]

Site na obodo

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Egosiri ozi gbasara NDC site na obodo n'ụfọdụ akụkọ mgbanwe ihu igwe nke obodo dị n'okpuru.

  1. ↑ Schleussner. The Paris Agreement – the 1.5 °C Temperature Goal (en). Climate Analytics. Retrieved on 2022-01-29.
  2. ↑ Nationally determined contributions to climate change. Our World in Data. Retrieved on 2024-01-11.
  3. ↑ Planning for NDC implementation: A Quick-Start Guide (en-GB). www.cdkn.org. Retrieved on 2017-01-23.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Limiting warming to 2 C requires emissions reductions 80% above Paris Agreement targets", phys.org. Retrieved on 6 March 2021. (in en)
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 What is an INDC?. World Resources Institute (2014-10-17). Retrieved on 2015-03-22.
  6. ↑ The Paris Agreement's long-term temperature goal is to keep the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 °C (3.6 °F) above pre-industrial levels; and to pursue efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 °C (2.7 °F)s
  7. ↑ Falkner (2016). "The Paris Agreement and the New Logic of International Climate Politics". International Affairs 92 (5): 1107–25. DOI:10.1111/1468-2346.12708. 
  8. ↑ Nationally Determined Contributions. unfccc. Retrieved on 11 January 2024.
  9. ↑ SDG Report 2020. UN Stats. Retrieved on 11 September 2020.
  10. ↑ United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (A/RES/71/313)
  11. ↑ Planning for NDC implementation: A Quick-Start Guide (en-GB). www.cdkn.org. Retrieved on 2017-01-23.
  12. ↑ Andrew Dessler (2020). The Science and Politics of Global Climate Change: A Guide to the Debate. Cambridge University Press, 28, 137–148, 175–179, 198–200. ISBN 978-1-316-63132-4. 
  13. ↑ adopted by the Conference of the Parties of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change at its nineteenth session. United Nations (31 January 2014). Retrieved on 15 December 2015.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 INDC - Climate Policy Observer (en-US). Climate Policy Observer. Archived from the original on 2017-02-11. Retrieved on 2015-12-15.
  15. ↑ INDC - Submissions. www4.unfccc.int. Retrieved on 2015-03-22.
  16. ↑ Switzerland, EU are the first to submit 'Intended Nationally Determined Contributions'. downtoearth.org.in. Archived from the original on 2015-05-20. Retrieved on 2015-03-22.
  17. ↑ "India to cut emissions intensity", The Hindu, 2015-10-03. Retrieved on 2015-10-03. (in en-IN)
  18. ↑ India's intended nationally determined contribution. United Nations FCCC.
  19. ↑ Second wave of climate change proposals (INDCs) expected in September after a first wave in March. newclimate.org (2015-03-05). Retrieved on 2015-03-22.
  20. ↑ Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs): Sharing lessons and resources. Climate and Development Knowledge Network. Retrieved on 2015-04-15.

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