Enweghị ike itinye aka

 

Enweghị ike itinye aka

Ọdịmma gbadoro anya bụ okwu gbasara mmekọrịta ọha na eze maka agbataobi nwere pasentị dị elu nke ndị bi na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba dị ala. A na-akọwapụta ya dị ka pasentị nke ezinụlọ dị na traktị ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwere nnukwu ọnweghị ọghọm gbadoro ụkwụ. [1]

Mkpakọrịta na mmetụta

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Achọpụtala mwepu gbadoro anya na ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na ọnụego igbu ọchụ ma na-ebelata ohere nke imecha ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị . [1] [2] Achọtakwala ezigbo mkpakọrịta n'etiti mwepu agbadoro anya na ọnụ ọgụgụ ime ihe ike n'ozuzu ya; A na-agbazi mmekọrịta a site na mkpokọta nrụpụta ọrụ . [3] Enwekwara ihe akaebe na-egosi na ndị ọrụ ụlọ ikpe na-eto eto na-ahụta agbataobi ndị nwere nsogbu dị ka ihe dị ize ndụ karị, yabụ na ọ naghị adị mfe ịhapụ ndị ntorobịa n'ógbè ndị dị otú ahụ n'ime obodo ha. [4] A na-akwalite mmepe ụmụaka nke ọma na agbataobi nwere ihe ọghọm na akụ na ụba ruru nha anya . [5]

Mgbakọ

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Dịka otu usoro siri dị, a na-agbakọ mwepu agbadoro dabere na metrik ise. Metiriks ndị a bụ:

  1. Pasent nke ndị nọ n'okpuru ịda ogbenye
  2. Pasent nke ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na enyemaka ọha
  3. Pasent ndị nne na nna,
  4. Pasent enweghị ọrụ, na
  5. Pasent na-erughị afọ 18. [6] Akụkụ ọzọ nke mwepu gbadoro ụkwụ na-adabere na "nnata ọdịmma, ịda ogbenye, enweghị ọrụ, ezinụlọ ndị nwanyị na-achị, agbụrụ agbụrụ (pasent ojii), na njupụta nke ụmụaka." [7]

Edensibia

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Wodtke (2011-10-01). "Neighborhood Effects in Temporal Perspective: The Impact of Long-Term Exposure to Concentrated Disadvantage on High School Graduation" (in en). American Sociological Review 76 (5): 713–736. DOI:10.1177/0003122411420816. ISSN 0003-1224. PMID 22879678. 
  2. Becker (2016-03-01). "The Dynamics of Neighborhood Structural Conditions: The Effects of Concentrated Disadvantage on Homicide over Time and Space" (in en). City & Community 15 (1): 64–82. DOI:10.1111/cico.12152. ISSN 1540-6040. 
  3. Sampson (1997-08-15). "Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy" (in en). Science 277 (5328): 918–924. DOI:10.1126/science.277.5328.918. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 9252316. 
  4. Rodriguez (2013-05-01). "Concentrated Disadvantage and the Incarceration of Youth: Examining How Context Affects Juvenile Justice" (in en). Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 50 (2): 189–215. DOI:10.1177/0022427811425538. ISSN 0022-4278. 
  5. Carpiano (2009-08-01). "Concentrated affluence, concentrated disadvantage, and children's readiness for school: A population-based, multi-level investigation". Social Science & Medicine 69 (3): 420–432. DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.05.028. PMID 19540643. 
  6. Life Course Indicator: Concentrated Disadvantage. Association of Maternal & Child Health Programs. Archived from the original on 2022-01-20. Retrieved on 2024-04-10.
  7. Sampson (2008-01-22). "Durable effects of concentrated disadvantage on verbal ability among African-American children" (in en). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105 (3): 845–852. DOI:10.1073/pnas.0710189104. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 18093915.