Elizabeth Williams (photographer)
| ụdịekere | nwanyị  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | Njikota Obodo Amerika |
| aha enyere | Elizabeth |
| aha ezinụlọ ya | Williams |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 1924 |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | Houston |
| ọrụ ọ na-arụ | osee foto |
Elizabeth "Tex" Williams (amụrụ na 1924) bụ ónyé America na-ese foto. Ọ sonyeere Women's Army Corps na 1944 mgbè ọ dị afọ 20 dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị Africa-America ole na ole na-ese foto na ndị agha.[1]
Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
dezieA mụrụ Williams na Houston na 1924, ébé a zụlitere ya n'ezinụlọ na-arụ ọrụ.[2][1] Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Women's Army Corps, ébé ọ nọ na Iowa na Arizona. O mechara laa ezumike nká na Huachuca City, Arizona.[3]
Williams gụrụ akwụkwọ na Photographic Division School na New Jersey na nsọpụrụ ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ dị ka ónyé na-ekwu okwu ikpeazụ n'ihi na ndị agha ekweghị ka ndị Africa America nọrọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị agha màkà foto.[3][4]
Ọrụ
dezieWilliams rụrụ ọrụ na Women's Army Corps dị ka ónyé na-ese foto site na 1944 ruo 1970.[1][4] E debere ya n'ụlọ ndị isi ojii niile dị na Iowa n'ihi na ndị agha ka na-ekewapụ onwe ha, omume nké na-adịgide ọbụna mgbè ndị agha 1948 kwụsịrị nke ịkpa ókè.[1] Ébé ọ bụ na ndị agha kewara ekewa ruo mgbe Executive Order 9981, o were ọtụtụ foto nke ndị Africa America.[4][3] N'ime na n'èzí ndị agha, Williams sere foto "New Negro" nke gbanwere akụkọ ọdịnala nke ndị Afrịka.[2]
Williams sere foto ihe niile gbasara agha. O wèrè foto nzuzo, ọgwụ, nchekwa, na foto ID.[3] O mechara rụọ ọrụ dị ka ónyé na-ese foto nzuzo màkà ụlọ ọrụ nzuzo.[3]
Ihe ọ pụtara
dezieNdị ọkà mmụta dị ka Jeanne Moutoussamy-Ashe na Jacqueline Ellis kọwara Williams dị ka ónyé ọsụ ụzọ, onye agbụrụ ya na okike ya mèrè ka ọ nwee ihe ịga nke ọma dị ka ónyé na-ese foto, ma ya fọdụkwa na ndị agha America, nke ga-anọgide na-ekewapụ iche ruo n'afọ 1980, ọ bụ ezie na iwu gọọmentị kwụsịrị na 1948.[1][3] A machibidoro ndị Africa America iwu n'ụlọ akwụkwọ foto ndị agha na mmemme ọzụzụ, n'ihi ya, ọ ghaghị ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ Photographic Division School na New Jersey, ébé ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ na onye Africa America gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ebe ahụ, nke o ji nsọpụrụ mee.[1][3] Ọ bụ naanị ụmụ nwanyị na-ese foto ndị Air Force.[5]
Edensibia
dezie- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Ellis (1998). Silent witnesses : representations of working-class women in the United States. Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press. ISBN 9780879727444. OCLC 36589970. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Finkelman, Paul (2009). Encyclopedia of African American history, 1896 to the present : from the age of segregation to the twenty-first century. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195167795. OCLC 239240886. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Moutoussamy-Ashe (1993). Viewfinders : black women photographers (in en). New York: Writers & Readers Pub, 54-55, 98-100. ISBN 9780863161599. OCLC 29733207. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Winegarten (1997). Brave Black women : from slavery to the space shuttle, 1st, Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292791077. OCLC 35325273. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":3" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Calvin (2011). American women artists in wartime, 1776–2010. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. ISBN 9780786449873. OCLC 707825583.