Ebe a na-ere mmiri

Kiosks mmiri bụ ụlọ ntu maka ire mmiri pọmpụ. A na-ahụkarị ha n'ọtụtụ mba ndị dị na Sub-Saharan Africa. Kiosks mmiri dị, n'etiti obodo ndị ọzọ, na Cameroon, Haiti, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania na Zambia.

Nkọwa

Kiosks mmiri na-enwekarị mgbata anọ n'ahụ yana faucets n'ime, nke onye na-elekọta kiosk na-arụ ya. Ha na-enwetakarị mmiri a na-edozi site na ụlọ ọrụ site na egwu nkesa ọkpọkọ. Ebe mmiri na-enye na egwu na-adị aka, kiosks na-enwekwa tank mmiri mgbe ụfọdụ. N'ime ime obodo, mmiri maka kiosks nwere ike mgbe ụfọdụ si na olulu mmiri mmiri, iyi, iyi ma ọ bụ ɔdɔ mmirika mgbe ịkpọ òkù . Otu ihe atụ maka kiosk e si n'ọdụ mmiri bute bụ obodo dị nso na dam Gona na Kenya. ^[1]

Nlekọta na nkwado

Enwere ike na ụlọ ụlọ kiosks site n'aka ndị ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ, ndị na-arụ ọrụ onwe ha n'okpuru ọchịchị na ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ kọmitii mmiri nke nwere ikike ọrụ afụ. na-ahụ maka kiosk na-erekwa ngwa akara ndị ọzọ na kiosk ndị eji obere ego ha na-enweta. Kiosk mmirika nwere ike ije ozi n'etiti mmadụ 500 na 3,000. A na-ebukarị mmiri site na kiosk na bọket nke lita 20. akara ire ere nwere ike ịbụ ọnụ ala dị n'otu n'otu ma ọ bụ, , በከፊል, kwara bọket nke a na-akpọsa na kiosk.

Ime kiosks mmiri ka ọ bụrụ azụmahịa na-esi ike ebe n ndị ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala yana ebe ụzọ ndị ọzọ na-ama obere, isi iyi mmiri dị ka olulu mmiri na-emighị emi, ɔdɔ mmiri ma ọ bụ iyi. Amata ejiji uru dị na mmiri dị ọcha ike ime ka nsogbu ndị ka njọ. N' Harry ndị ahụ, kiosks nọ n'ihe ize ndụ ka ukwuu nke ego. Ịbanye n'ime obodo na- map ebe kiosks, oge mmeghe ha na nhọrọ nke ndị na-arụ kiosks na- nhọrọ nke ndị ọrụ kiosks ma onye ọrụ nke ọma. Ọ bụrụ na ndị na-arụ ọrụ nwere nwe na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, akụkọ mgbe niile dị mkpa iji hụ na a na-akụkọ mgbasa ozi ọcha nke ahụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a na- elele na oge mmeghe.

Ahụmahụ

Kenya: A na-ahazi ụlọ kiosks na Kibera

Na Kibera, nnukwu mkpọkpọ ụlọ na Nairobi, ebe a na-egwu mmiri na-adị 1970. Ndị kiosks bụ nkeonwe ma ndị nwe ya nyere ego maka ụlọ ụlọ kiosks na ọkpọkọ na-aga n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ Nairobi na-enye mmiri mmiri, mana ndị nwe kiosk akpa aka-akpa ya. Na 1998, e nwere ihe dị ka ụlọ ọrụ 650 na Kibera. Ọ bụ ebe ahụ ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke kiosks nwere ebe nchekwa mmiri mmiri, ọtụtụ mgbe mmiri adịghị adị n'ihi ihitụ ọkọnọ. [1] N’afọ 2003, mgbe e mere iwu ọhụrụ mmiri mmiri, akụrụngwa egwu na ha ga-emechi ụlọ aha ndị a na-edebanyeghị aha nke ọma. N'ihi ya, ndị nwe kiosk hiwere otu wee soro nwee nwee ike ụka iji mee ka ikike ahụ site n'ịkwụ ụgwọ na-abụ ndị ọrụ n'ihu ọha.. ^[2]

Zambia: Mmemme obodo niile na-aga nke ọma

Na Zambia, ebe ewebata kiosks na 2006, ike ihe dị ka kiosks 300 na 2008 na-ejere mmadụ 500,000 ozi. Dị ka ụlọ mba ụwa na ụlọ ọrụ German GIZ si kwuo ha na-aga nke ọma. Ihe ọkara ndị ọrụ kiosk na Zambia bụ ụmụ. Ndị ọrụ ahụ ikela ihe a na-akpọ "peri-urban units" na-achịkwa ndị na-arụ kiosk kwa izu abụọ ma ndị ọrụ na-emebi mmebi ha. Tarifu a na-azụ bụ 1 Euro Cent kwa lita 20. ^[3] ^[4]

Haiti: Ihe ịga nke ọma n'isi obodo, nsonaazụ agwakọta na obodo

Na Port-au-Prince, Haiti, a na-arụ ọrụ kiosks mmiri nke ọma na mpaghara ndị nwere obere ego site na kọmitii mmirika etiti 1990s. Kọmitii mmiri na-eji ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ego ha ikike na-azụ mmiri nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-enye na otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ maka ọrụ ndị ọzọ. A na-eji nke atọ njọ eme ihe omume obodo. [1] ụgbọala, agbahapụla ebe a na-egwu mmiri n'obodo ndị ọzọ. ụfọdụ agbasiwo mbọ ike, n'ihi na akara ndị dị nso na-enweta mmirika site na njikọ ụlọ na- ọnụ ọgụgụ maka ọnụ ọnụ dịịrị ma na-eresị ndị agbata obi mmirika, si otú a na-anị ndị agbara kiosks.. ^[5]

Malawi: Ọdịda na mbọ ọhụrụ

Na Lilongwe, isi obodo Malawi, ebe a na-egwu mmiri na-akụ afụ n’ala n’otu oge. E hibere kiosks 49 na mpaghara anọ yana kọmitii mmadụ atọ na-elekọta kiosk ọ llala. Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ kọmitii na-amara ego n'ụzọ na-ibu ezi, ebe ụfọdụ ndị obodo mmiri n'efu site na njikọ ọkpọkọ na-akwadoghị na ụlọ ha. Ụfọdụ kiosks na-ana na-adị dị iche kwa ụnwanyị na- adabereghị na oriri, mana ndị ọrụ njikarịma. Mgbe ụfọdụ kọmitii akwụkwọghị ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ndị nke ikpeazụ yiri eg imechi ụlọ aha mmiri 27. Otu NGO WaterAid mere nyọn̄ọ iji nte itie ahụ wee edida aro ka ndị na-ahụ maka mmirika mmiri Malawi guzobe otu kiosk a nchọpụta ka ha na kọmitii na-arụ ụlọ kiosks ^[6]

Ihe atụ ndị ọzọ

Na Douala, Cameroon, na Dar es-Salaam, Tanzania, tarifu maka mmiri a na-ere na kiosks bụ ihe dị ka 3 Euro Cent kwa lita 20. Nke a ka dị ala ụfọdụ ọnụ ndị na-ere mmiri na-ana nke ndị ogbenye na- mbụ tupu ha arụ ụlọ kiosks. ^[7]

Ntụaka

↑ Sky Justice Foundation:Phase L: Gona Dam Safe Water Kiosk – Kenya, retrieved on May 19, 2011
↑ Water and Sanitation Program of the World Bank:Rogues No More? Water Kiosk Operators Achieve Credibility in Kibera, June 2005, p. 9-11
↑ GTZ:Case Study:Water Kiosks. How the combination of low-cost technology, pro-poor financing and regulation leads to the scaling up of water supply service provision to the poor, March 2009
↑ World Bank:Zambia Water Project Allows Access to Clean Water in Lusaka, October 6, 2010
↑ pS-Eau:Haïti: Implication du secteur privé en zone urbaine: Une expérience pilote de gestion déléguée à Saint-Marc, December 2010 (in French)
↑ WaterAid:Saving community water kiosks in Malawi, retrieved on May 19, 2011
↑ IRC WASH News and Features:Water kiosks: providing affordable urban water services in Cameroon and Tanzania, updated - Tuesday 10 June 2008

[1] Sky Justice Foundation:Phase L: Gona Dam Safe Water Kiosk – Kenya, retrieved on May 19, 2011

[2] Water and Sanitation Program of the World Bank:Rogues No More? Water Kiosk Operators Achieve Credibility in Kibera, June 2005, p. 9-11

[3] GTZ:Case Study:Water Kiosks. How the combination of low-cost technology, pro-poor financing and regulation leads to the scaling up of water supply service provision to the poor, March 2009

[4] World Bank:Zambia Water Project Allows Access to Clean Water in Lusaka, October 6, 2010

[5] S-Eau:Haïti: Implication du secteur privé en zone urbaine: Une expérience pilote de gestion déléguée à Saint-Marc, December 2010 (in French)

[6] WaterAid:Saving community water kiosks in Malawi, retrieved on May 19, 2011

[7] IRC WASH News and Features:Water kiosks: providing affordable urban water services in Cameroon and Tanzania, updated - Tuesday 10 June 2008

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