Ebe a na-eli ozu ụgbọ mmiri

Ebe a na-eli ozu ụgbọ mmiri ma ọ bụ ebe a na-ili ozu ụgbọ elu bụ ebe a hapụrụ mkpokoro ụgbọ mmiri ndị a tụfuru ka ha ree ma gbasaa, ma ọ bụ hapụ ha na nchekwa. Omume dị otú ahụ adịchaghị adịkarị ugbu a n'ihi iwu mkpofu na ya mere ụfọdụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri akọrọ ebe ụgbọ mmiri na-agbaji (iji megharịa ígwè ha ma wepụ ihe ndị dị ize ndụ dị ka asbestos) ka a na-akpọkwa ili ụgbọ mmiri.

Ebe ili ozu ndị agha mmiri France na Landévennec nso Brest

Site n'iji ya tụnyere, ahịrịokwu ahụ nwekwara ike izo aka n'ebe nwere ọtụtụ ụgbọ mmiri na-ekpuchighị nke ụlọ ọrụ mmadụ wepụrụ, kama a hapụrụ ya ka ọ gbasaa n'ụzọ okike. Ndị a nwere ike ịpụta n'ebe ụgbọ mmiri siri ike ma ọ bụ dị ize ndụ (dị ka nkume asaa, na Cornwall, ma ọ bụ Blackpool, na Oké Osimiri Irish); ma ọ bụ ebe a kpachapụrụ anya tụba ọtụtụ ụgbọ mmiri ọnụ (dị ka ndị German High Seas Fleet na Scapa Flow); ma ọ dị ka ọtụtụ ụgbọ mmiri tụbaala n'agha (dị ka Ironbottom Sound, na Pacific).

A na-arụ ọtụtụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị dị n'ụwa na mba ndị mepere emepe. Ụgbọ mmiri na-adịru ihe dị ka afọ 25 ruo 30, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ha na-adị oke ọnụ iji nọgide na-enwe ma na-ere ya ka a kwatuo ya. A na-ere ọtụtụ n'ime ha kpọmkwem na ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri na India, Bangladesh, Pakistan na mba ndị ọzọ na-emepe emepe, nke a makwaara dị ka mba ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ site na Immanuel Wallerstein Tian World System Theory. N'afọ 2014, pasent 54 nke ụgbọ mmiri gara n'ụsọ osimiri nke India na Bangladesh.^[1] Nke a kwekọrọ na oge 2012-2018. Site na ngụkọta nke ụgbọ mmiri 6,702 a tụfuru n'ụwa niile, ụgbọ mmiri 3,586 a tụfọrọ na India na Bangladesh, nke na-agbadata na pasent 53.5.^[2]

Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2020, na pasenti iri abuo òkè India nwere ego kachasị elu n'ụwa niile na òkè kachasị elu nke mmebi ụgbọ mmiri zuru ụwa ọnụ (ọnụ ọgụgụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụgbọ mmiri mebiri).^[3]

A na-eme atụmatụ na ebe a na-emebi ụgbọ mmiri na-enye ndị mmadụ ihe karịrị puku kwuru puku ọrụ n'ụwa niile nakwa na ha na-emepụta ọtụtụ nde tọn ígwè kwa afọ na obere ọkụ eletrik.^[4] E wezụga ígwè, ụlọ ọrụ a na-enwetakwa nnukwu ihe mkpofu siri ike n'ụdị osisi, plastik, ihe mkpuchi, ajị ugegbe, sponge, akwụkwọ mkpofu, eriri mmanụ na ihe mkpofu ogho.^[5]

Ndepụta nke ili ụgbọ mmiri

Afrịka

See also: List of shipwrecks of Asia

Ihe ndị mebiri emebi n'ụsọ oké osimiri dị na Nouadhibou, na Mauritania
Ọtụtụ ụgbọ mmiri mebiri n'akụkụ Skeleton Coast na Namibia

Eshia

Ọtụtụ ebe dị nso n'Oké Osimiri Aral
Ebe a na-agbaji ụgbọ mmiri nke Alang (India), Chittagong (Bangladesh), na Gadani^[6] (Pakistan)

Europe

France

Guilvinec-Lechiagat
N'Osimiri Rance
Magouër (Plouhinec, Morbihan)
Plouhinec, Finistère
Landévennec

United Kingdom

A na-eji Osimiri Tamar nke dị n'okpuru Royal Albert Bridge eme ihe dị ka ebe a na-akwụsị ụgbọ mmiri, gụnyere ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru mmiri, nke Royal Navy. E wepụla ihe ndị a niile ugbu a.
Portsmouth Harbour na-anabata ọtụtụ ụgbọ mmiri Royal Navy, na-echere iwepụ maka nkwụsị.
Ọdọ Mmiri Forton dị na Gosport, nso Portsmouth, bụ ebe ihe dị ka ụgbọ mmiri iri atọ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha hụrụ ọrụ na Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.
Scapa Flow, ebe n'afọ 1919 ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Germany mikpuru ụgbọ mmiri nke ha mgbe ha nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri ndị e gwupụtara n'afọ ndị sochirinụ, ma a ka nwere mkpọmkpọ ebe asatọ sitere na ihe omume a na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

Ebe Ugwu America

United States

Ndị agha mmiri US "phantom fleet" na Suisun Bay, n'ebe ugwu nke San Francisco Bay
Ndị agha US Patuxent River ghost fleet" nke 1927-40, nke gụnyere USAT Monticello (nke bụbu USS Agamemnon, nke bụbu German SS Kaiser Wilhelm II nke 1903), America (nke bụzi German SS Amerika nke 1905), Mount Vernon (nke bụ bụbu German Kronprinzessin Cecile nke 1907) na George Washington (nke bụ German SS George Washington nke 1909)^[7]^[8]
Witte's Marine Salvage - ili ụgbọ mmiri Staten Island.^[9]
A họpụtara Bikini Atoll dị ka ili ụgbọ mmiri maka ụgbọ mmiri US Pacific; e mechara mara ya dị ka ụlọ nyocha nuklia.
Mallows Bay, Maryland.^[10]
Green Jacket Shoal, Rhode Island

Oceania

Australia

New South Wales:

Stockton Breakwater (Newcastle)
Ebe ili ozu ụgbọ mmiri nke Homebush Bay (Sydney)
Ebe ili ozu ụgbọ mmiri Pindimar Bay/The Duckhole (Myall Lakes)

Ógbè Ebe Ugwu:

Darwin Harbour East Arm

Queensland:

Ebe ili ozu ụgbọ mmiri nke Bishop Island (Brisbane)
Ebe ili ozu ụgbọ mmiri Tangalooma (Moreton Island)
Ihe ndị na-emebi ihe na Bulwer (Moreton Island)
Curtin Artificial Reef

South Australia: Ruo Nọvemba 2020 enwere ili ụgbọ mmiri iri na itoolu na South Australia.^[11]

N'akụkụ Port Adelaide, na Port River na gburugburu ya:^[12]

Ndị ọzọ

Tasmania:

Ebe ili ozu ụgbọ mmiri nke obere agwaetiti Betsey (Hobart)
Ebe ili ozu ụgbọ mmiri East Risdon (Hobart)
Ebe ili ozu ụgbọ mmiri Strahan (Strahan)
Ebe ili ozu ụgbọ mmiri nke Tamar Island (Launceston)

Ebe ili ozu ndị isi ụgbọ mmiri Barwon (Port Phillip Bay)

Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Australia:

Ebe ili ozu ụgbọ mmiri nke Careening Bay
Ebe ili ozu ụgbọ mmiri Rottnest Island (n'èzí Rottnest Islands)
Ebe ili ozu ụgbọ mmiri Jervoise Bay
Ebe ili ozu ụgbọ mmiri nke Albany (Albany)

Hụkwa Ihe ọzọ

Ebe a na-edebe ọkpụkpụ ụgbọelu
Ụgbọ Mmụọ Mmụọ
Ihe a tụfuru atụfu (n'oké osimiri)
Ihe mkpofu mmiri
Mmetọ mmiri
Ịkwatu Ụgbọ Mmiri
Ebe a na-eli ozu ụgbọ okporo ígwè

Edensibia

↑ IndustriALL. (2015, 15 december). SPECIAL REPORT: Cleaning up shipbreaking the world’s most dangerous job.
↑ Buchholz, K. (2019, 13 maart). India and Bangladesh Are Scrapping Bulk of Old Ships. Statista Infographics. Retrieved December 5, 2021, from
↑ India eyes 60 per cent share of global ship recycling business; higher GDP contribution, Economic Times, 30 December 2019.
↑ YPSA. (n.d.). Overview of Ship Breaking in Bangladesh. Ship Breaking in Bangladesh.
↑ Srinivasa Reddy, M., Basha, S., Sravan Kumar, V., Joshi, H., & Ghosh, P. (2003). Quantification and classification of ship scrapping waste at Alang–Sosiya, India. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46(12), 1609–1614.
↑ Gadani Beach
↑ Cairis, Nicholas T. (1979), Passenger Liners of the World Since 1893, Revised Edition, pp. 152, 155, 159, 206, 208. New York: Bonanza Books. ISBN 0-517-28875-3
↑ Neill, Peter (1988), Maritime America: Art and Artifacts From America's Great Nautical Collections, pp. 135, 146-147. New York: Balsam Press, Inc.
↑ Staten Island Boat Graveyard.
↑ (2010) United States Coast Pilot, 43rd, Washington, D.C.: National Ocean Service. Retrieved on May 5, 2010.
↑ Ships' graveyards of South Australia. Government of South Australia. Department for Environment and Water. Retrieved on 22 November 2020.
↑ Port Adelaide (Ships' Graveyards). South Australian Department of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved on 12 June 2012.

(in French) Ship graveyards
(in French) Ship graveyard on the Rance
(in French) Ship graveyard at the port of Guilvinec-Lechiagat
(in French) Ship graveyard at Magouër
Google map nlele nke ili ụgbọ mmiri

[1] IndustriALL. (2015, 15 december). SPECIAL REPORT: Cleaning up shipbreaking the world’s most dangerous job.

[2] Buchholz, K. (2019, 13 maart). India and Bangladesh Are Scrapping Bulk of Old Ships. Statista Infographics. Retrieved December 5, 2021, from

[breakkro1-3] India eyes 60 per cent share of global ship recycling business; higher GDP contribution, Economic Times, 30 December 2019.

[4] YPSA. (n.d.). Overview of Ship Breaking in Bangladesh. Ship Breaking in Bangladesh.

[5] Srinivasa Reddy, M., Basha, S., Sravan Kumar, V., Joshi, H., & Ghosh, P. (2003). Quantification and classification of ship scrapping waste at Alang–Sosiya, India. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46(12), 1609–1614.

[6] Gadani Beach

[7] Cairis, Nicholas T. (1979), Passenger Liners of the World Since 1893, Revised Edition, pp. 152, 155, 159, 206, 208. New York: Bonanza Books. ISBN 0-517-28875-3

[8] Neill, Peter (1988), Maritime America: Art and Artifacts From America's Great Nautical Collections, pp. 135, 146-147. New York: Balsam Press, Inc.

[9] Staten Island Boat Graveyard.

[2010CoastPilot-10] (2010) United States Coast Pilot, 43rd, Washington, D.C.: National Ocean Service. Retrieved on May 5, 2010.

[dewgraveyards-11] Ships' graveyards of South Australia. Government of South Australia. Department for Environment and Water. Retrieved on 22 November 2020.

[12] Port Adelaide (Ships' Graveyards). South Australian Department of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved on 12 June 2012.

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