Ebe Ochie

Ebe ochie (ma ọ bụ dị ka a mara ya mgbe ahụ Isi ebe ) mpaghara kewapụrụ maka ndị isi ojii bi na Windhoek, isi obodo Namibia . Ọ dị na mpaghara dị n'etiti mpaghara Hochland Park taa na Park Pioneers .

Usòrò:Old-Location Windhoek.jpg

Windhoek's Old Location na 1950s

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

Mgbe ndị Windhoek City Council mepụtara mpaghara ahụ n'afọ 1912, a kpọgara ndị isi ojii niile bi na mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke obodo ahụ na Isi ebe. Otu afọ ka e mesịrị, e wuchara okporo ámá ma kewaa agbụrụ ndị ojii, ebe a manyere agbụrụ ọ bụla ibi n'akụkụ dị iche iche. E kewara nchịkwa nke mpaghara ahụ n'etiti ndị ojii bi na mpaghara na ndị ọcha si ebe ọzọ.

^[1]akwụkwọ ahụ nwere akwụkwọ akwụkwọ St Barnabas Anglican Church, ụlọ akwụkwọ nke ọtụtụ ụmụ akwụkwọ gara nke mechara bụrụ, Clemens Kapuuo, Sam Nujoma, Mburumba Kerina, Tjama Tjivikua na Kuaima Riruako . Ebibiri ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ mgbe e mechiri Old Location maka ndị isi ojii

Ọgba aghara ebe ochie

ndabere

^[2]Mgbe Agha Mbụ mbụ, esemokwu Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu nyere South West Africa, bụbu obodo Germany, nye United Kingdom ka ọ bụrụ ikike n'okpuru aha South Africa . [1] Mgbe National Party meri na mbụ aka 1948 na South Africa wee webata iwu iwu ókè, [2] iwu ndị a gbasakwara na South West Africa nke bụ mpaghara South Africa nke ise.

N'ime 1950s, obodo Windhoek na ndị South Africa ma isiga ndị bi na Main Location 8 kilometers (5.0 mi) n'ebe ugwu nke obodo ahụ, nke mere ka ndị ịchụpụ amị nye ebe ọhụrụ ahụ aha Katutura. ( Otjiherero </link> ). ^[3]

^[4]N'ihi ọtụtụ ihe mere ọtụtụ ndị bi na-achọghị ntụpọ: Ha nwere erven na Old Location ebe na Katutura ala nile bụ nke ime obodo. Erven e kenyere ngwaọrụ obere ndị nọ na Old Location, na-ama mgbochi ubi nke ọma. Ọzọkwa, ndị isi ojii nọ n' tọrọ akụ na njọ ka njọ mgbe ha kwapụchara n'ihi na ha na-onye ike ụlọ n'ime obodo, ha chọkwara ụgbọ ala iji ruo ebe ọrụ ha n'ime obodo-Old Location n' 'ebe dị anya.

Ebe ochie, ogbugbu Windhoek

^[5]Otu SWANU e hiwere ọhụrụ, n'otu n'ime omume nnukwu mmadụ mbụ ha mere, haziri ngagharị iwe nke ndị bi n'isi nke bịara n'isi na 10 Disemba 1959.[1]. N'ịgbaso ngagharị iwe na mmachibido iwu obodo site n'aka ndị bi na Main Location, ndị uwe ojii meghere mgbọ na ndị ngagharị iwe ahụ, gbuo mmadụ 11 ma merụọ mmadụ 44 ndị ọzọ ahụ. Ndị dọkịta nọ n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Windhoek jụrụ ịgwọ ndị merụrụ ahụ, na-agwa ha ka ha "gaa na United Nations maka ọgwụgwọ n'ihi na ndị a ... [bụ] ndị ọrịa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị".[2] Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ndị ji anya ha hụ ihe na-akwado nkwupụta a, otu n'ime ha bụ Sam Nujoma, onye isi ala Namibia bụ onye rụtụrụ aka n'ihe merenụ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ Where Others Wavered, e nwebeghị mgbagha. Hannes Smith kpatara esemokwu na 2003, na-akpọ ya "ụgha ụgha".

^[6]Ndị bi na 3,000-4,000 gbapụrụ n'ahụ ahụ ma jụọ, na-atụ egwu mmegwara ndị uwe ojii. Ọgba ndị nke Old Location, dị ka a bịara mara ya, bụ mkpu na-akwado maka akwụkwọ onwe Namibia ruo mgbe mba ahụ ikike onwe na March 1990, afọ 31 ka e ebere. [1] [2] Ọ bụ otu n'ime mmemme na-eduga na ntọala nke SWAPO [3] [4] site na ịmanye ndị isi obodo sitere na Òtù Ndị Ovamboland gaa n'ala ọzọ, kpọọ Sam Nujoma. [5] O see ike ịbụ otu n'ime isi ihe mere SWAPO ji n'ime obere akpa n'ime ụmụaka na i ngwaọrụ, na vidio mgba ịgba onwe ka bụrụ ogụ agha.

Nyefee na Katutura

Nyefe na mpaghara Katutura were ọtụtụ afọ. Na 1962, ihe dị ka mmadụ 7,000 a kwagara, na-esonyere mmadụ 2,000 sitere na agbụrụ Ovambo bụ ndị birilarị ebe ahụ. ^[7]

Ndị ama ama

Joseph Obgeb Jimmy, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ^[8]
Anna Mungunda, National Hero of Namibia, onye ọrụ ụlọ gburu na nnupụisi nke 1959 ^[9]

Ntụaka

↑ Gewald (September 2004). "Who Killed Clemens Kapuuo?". Journal of Southern African Studies 30 (3). DOI:10.1080/0305707042000254100. ISSN 0305-7070.
↑ Namibia: Apartheid, resistance and repression (1945-1966). Electoral Institute for the Sustainability of Democracy in Africa (August 2009). Archived from the original on 20 April 2011. Retrieved on 15 April 2011.
↑ Dierks. History of Namibia, 1959. klausdierks.com. Retrieved on 10 February 2012.
↑ "Onafhanklikheid ook Ou Lokasie se vrug", Die Republikein, 16 December 2011. Retrieved on 19 July 2012. (in Afrikaans)
↑ Nujoma's war of words with editor in the Mail & Guardian, 30 August 2003
↑ Reginald Herbold Green:Namibia. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved on 15 February 2012.
↑ "Die Bewohner von Katutura", Allgemeine Zeitung, 15 August 1962. (in German)
↑ Mvula ya Nangolo: Joseph Jimmy: freedom fighter and bridge builder The Namibian, 6 February 2004
↑ Angula (10 December 2010). Old location massacre: the spark that ignited the struggle for national independence. Speeches of the Prime Minister. Government of Namibia. Archived from the original on 29 November 2012.

Akwụkwọ akụkọ

Henning Melber (2016). "Revisiting the Windhoek Old Location". BAB Working Papers. ISSN 1422-8769.

[Kapuuo-1] Gewald (September 2004). "Who Killed Clemens Kapuuo?". Journal of Southern African Studies 30 (3). DOI:10.1080/0305707042000254100. ISSN 0305-7070.

[EISA-2] Namibia: Apartheid, resistance and repression (1945-1966). Electoral Institute for the Sustainability of Democracy in Africa (August 2009). Archived from the original on 20 April 2011. Retrieved on 15 April 2011.

[Dierks59-3] Dierks. History of Namibia, 1959. klausdierks.com. Retrieved on 10 February 2012.

[4] "Onafhanklikheid ook Ou Lokasie se vrug", Die Republikein, 16 December 2011. Retrieved on 19 July 2012. (in Afrikaans)

[5] Nujoma's war of words with editor in the Mail & Guardian, 30 August 2003

[EB-6] Reginald Herbold Green:Namibia. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved on 15 February 2012.

[7] "Die Bewohner von Katutura", Allgemeine Zeitung, 15 August 1962. (in German)

[8] Mvula ya Nangolo: Joseph Jimmy: freedom fighter and bridge builder The Namibian, 6 February 2004

[Angula-9] Angula (10 December 2010). Old location massacre: the spark that ignited the struggle for national independence. Speeches of the Prime Minister. Government of Namibia. Archived from the original on 29 November 2012.

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