Digital motion X-ray

(Digital Motion X-Ray: Non-fluoroscopic) A na-eji redio redio omenala eme ihe ugbu a maka ịdekọ ihe ọmụmụ ngagharị. Usoro a anaghị eji fluoroscopy bụ nke a na-ejikarị X-ray eme ihe kama ọ na-eji ụzarị X-ray eme ihe. ↵Ụzọ e si edekọ ihe ọmụmụ ngagharị bụ iji kọmpụta dijitalụ jikọọ sistemu X-ray na usoro nchọpụta nke na-edekọ ihe onyonyo ozugbo.

Ọmụmaatụ: A2D2, Inc. Model 1713 bụ sistemụ dijitalụ nwere ike ịdekọ onyonyo kwụ ọtọ ma ọ bụ usoro dị ike.

Edere onyonyo kwụ ọtọ n'usoro pikselụ 5,000 site na 4,000 nwere ikike 14 bit.  A na-echekwa onyonyo ndị a na ebe nchekwa kọmputa maka ịdekọ na/ma ọ bụ ịkpọghachi.  A na-edekọ ọmụmụ ihe dị egwu n'otu oge n'ogo 30 okpokolo agba kwa nkeji yana mkpebi nke afọ 1990 site na 1200 pikselụ.  Na-adịkarị, achọrọ otu sekọnd nke ndekọ data maka nyocha ngagharị zuru oke na okpokolo agba 30 kwa nkeji.  A na-eji sọftụwia ọkaibe na-edekọ ọmụmụ ihe na-akpaghị aka wee mee ka ọ kpọghachi ya n'ụdị ụzọ abụọ.

Ọgwụ radieshon onye ọrịa dị ntakịrị karịa otu oge nke abụọ. Usoro ọgwụgwọ radieshon a na-ahụkarị bụ ihe dịka 2 mSv maka otu oge nke abụọ. Enwere ike ịdekọ ma nyochaa ụdị ọ bụla nke mmegharị nkwonkwo.

Edensibia

dezie

(Mgbagharị X-Ray)

1. Bill O'Neill onye mepụtara ma bụrụ onye ndú na teknụzụ x-ray dijitalụ na-abụghị fluoroscopic.

(DMX)

1. Hino H, Abumi K, Kanayama M, Kaneda K. Nnyocha mmegharị nke eriri afọ na-adịghị akwụsi ike site na iji cineradiography. Nnyocha in vivo. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]

2. Motomochi M, et al., Diagnosis of Abnormal Spine Motion with Cineradiography. Enweghị Shinkei Geka. 1978 Nov; 6 (11): 1077-82.

3. Ruey-Mo Lin, MD, et al., Characteristics of Sagittal Vertebral Alignment in Flexion Determined by Dynamic Radiographs of the Cervical Spine. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]

4. Youhimoto H, na ndị ọzọ, Kinematic Evaluation of Atlantoaxial Joint Instability: An In Vivo Cineradiographic Investigation. Journal of Spinal Disorders 14, (1), 21-31.

5. Gavin, T. et al., Biomechanical analysis of cervical orthroses in Flexion: A comparison of cerviical collars and Cervicothoracic orthrosis. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development. Ụgbọelu 40 (6), Nov/Dec 2003, 527-538.

6. Krakenes J, et al., MRI Assessment of the Alar Ligaments in the Late State of Injury: A Study of Structural Abnormalities and observant Agreement. Ọrịa akwara. 2002, 44: 617–624.

7. Panjabi M, et al., Injury Mechanisms of the Cervical Intervertebral Disc during Stimulated Whiplash. Ọkpụkpụ azụ 29, Nke 11, 2004, 1217-1225.

8. Waldman S. et al., Atlanto-Occipital na Atlantoaxial Injections in the Treatment of Headache and Neck Pain. Nlekọta Ihe Ọrịa. 1996, W. B. Saunders, peeji nke 219-222.

9. Bogduk, N., Isi ọwụwa Cervicogenic: Ntọala anatomical na usoro pathophysiologic. Nkwupụta. Isi ọwụwa Rep. 2001 Aug: 5 (4): 382-6.2001 Ọgọst: 5 (4): 382-6.

10. Bogduk N, Yogananandan N, Biomechanics of the Cervical Spine Part 3: Minor Injuries, Clinical Biomechaniics, 2001 May; 16 (4): 267-75.

11. Mercer S, Bogduk N. Njikọ na Annulus Fibrosus nke Human Adult Cervical Intervertebral Discs. Spine 1999 Apr 1; 24 (7): 619-26.

15. Cocchiarella L, et al., American Medical Association Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment. Mbipụta nke Ise. 15.6 DRE Cervical Spine, 15.6a Criteria maka ịkọwa nkwarụ n'ihi nsogbu cervical.

17. Netter F, The CIBA Collection of Medial Illustrations, Mpịakọta nke 8, Akụkụ nke 1, peeji nke 10-13.

18. Ọrụ Ọgwụ Ọgwụ Nduzi-Mgbasa, Mbipụta nke Abụọ, American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2004, Isi nke 8.

20. Dwyer A., na ndị ọzọ, Cervical Zyagopophyseal Joint Pain Patterns. II: A Study in Normal Volunteers, Spine 15: 453-447, 1990.