Delmar Kewara
Nkewa Delmar na-ezo aka na Delmar Boulevard dị ka ahịrị nkesa akụ na ụba na agbụrụ na St. Louis, Missouri . Okwu a na-ewu ewu na mpụga Greater St. Louis site na akwụkwọ akụkọ nkeji anọ sitere na BBC . [1] Ụlọ ọrụ Delmar Blvd. bụ okporo ụzọ ọwụwa-anyanwụ-ọdịda anyanwụ nke nwere njedebe ọdịda anyanwụ ya n'ime obodo Olivette, Missouri gbadara n'Obodo St. Louis. Enwere nnukwu mkpokọta azụmahịa eclectic na Delmar Blvd. nso obodo ókè-ala nke University City na St. Louis. A maara mpaghara a dị ka Delmar Loop . Ụlọ ọrụ Delmar Blvd. A na-akpọ ya dị ka "nkewa" n'ịtụle ọdịiche dị egwu nke agbụrụ agbụrụ na agbata obi dị n'ebe ugwu na ndịda: dị ka nke 2012, ndị bi na ndịda Delmar bụ 73% ọcha, ebe ndị bi n'ebe ugwu nke Delmar bụ 98% ojii. na n'ihi ọdịiche dị iche iche nke mmekọrịta akụ na ụba, omenala na nke ọha. [2] [3]
Akụkọ banyere nkewa na St. Louis
dezieNa 1916, n'oge Jim Crow Era, St. Louis gafere iwu nkewapụ ebe obibi. [4] Iwu a kwuru na ọ bụrụ na 75% nke ndị bi n'otu agbata obi sitere n'otu agbụrụ, ọ dịghị onye si n'agbụrụ dị iche na-ekwe ka ọ bata n'ógbè ahụ. [5] Iwu a adaghị dịka ndị NAACP gbara ya aka n'ụlọ ikpe. [6]
Na nzaghachi, e webatara ọgbụgba ndụ agbụrụ na ụlọ. Ndị a gbochiri ire ụlọ dị n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nye "ndị na-abụghị agbụrụ Caucasian". Ekpebiri ọgbụgba ndụ agbụrụ ndị ahụ megidere iwu na 1948 mgbe a kagburu ha n'ikpe Shelley v. Kraemer Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu. [7]
N'ime afọ 32 ahụ, ọgbụgba ndụ ahụ mere ka The Ville (mpaghara St. Louis ọtụtụ blocks n'ebe ugwu nke Delmar) ghọọ isi ojii n'etiti klas agbata.
N'afọ 1954, St. Louis gafere iwu iji wulite Ndagwurugwu Mill Creek, mpaghara mpaghara Afrịka America nke dị ọtụtụ ngọngọ na ndịda Delmar Blvd. Na 1959, mgbe nrụgharị ahụ malitere, a kwaturu Ndagwurugwu Mill Creek iji wuo mgbakwunye na Mahadum Saint Louis, Highway 40, LaClede Town, na Grand Towers. [5] Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị mwulite a chụpụrụ kwagara The Ville na mpaghara ugwu Delmar ruo Natural Bridge.
Iji lụso nchụpụ nke Ndagwurugwu Mill Creek ọgụ, St. Louis Housing Authority mụbara ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụlọ ọha na ugwu nke Delmar bụ nke gara n'ihu na 2000s. [5] Nke a siri ike Delmar Blvd dị ka ahịrị nkewa agbụrụ na mmekọrịta akụ na ụba.
Statistics na ọmụmụ
dezieDị ka Ụlọ Ọrụ Mgbakọ US mere atụmatụ, na 2014 ndị Delmar Blvd kewapụrụ. bụ ndị a. [8]
| Ọtụtụ agbụrụ | Ọnụ ego etiti etiti | Ọnụ ego etiti | Pasent ndị bi </br> na nzere bachelọ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mpaghara dị na mgbago ugwu Delmar Blvd | 99% nwa | $73,000 | $18,000 | 10% |
| Mpaghara dị na ndịda Delmar Blvd | 73% ọcha | $335,000 | $50,000 | 70% |
Nkewa Delmar na-akọwa ihe gbasara nkewa na St. Louis n'ụzọ sara mbara. Nkewa na St. Louis, Missouri abụrụla isiokwu nke ọtụtụ ọmụmụ. Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ Manhattan Institute nke isiokwu ya bụ “Ọgwụgwụ nke narị afọ kewapụrụ iche: nkewa agbụrụ na mpaghara America, 1890-2010” mụrụ nkewa nkewa n'obodo US nke nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị isi ojii kacha. [9] Ọmụmụ ihe a họọrọ obodo nke ọ bụla site na nrịbama dị iche iche na ndetu iche iche . Ndekọ ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe na-egosi ókè agbụrụ agbụrụ dị iche iche na-ebi n'otu mpaghara n'otu obodo. Ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ dị elu, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke otu agbụrụ ga-adị mkpa ịkwaga na mpaghara dị iche iji nweta nhata. Ndekọ dịpụrụ adịpụ na-atụ agbata obi nwere ọdịdị agbụrụ dị iche iche. Na 2010, St. Louis họọrọ 14th na African American bi, nwere dissimilarity index nke 71.0 (akara nke ise kasị elu na isi obodo na US) na mwepu index nke 53.8 (nke 6th kasị elu akara na isi obodo na US). . [9] Ọmụmụ ihe a chọpụtara na St. Louis bụ otu n'ime obodo ndị kacha kewapụrụ na US
Edensibia
dezie- ↑ Strasser. "Crossing a St Louis street that divides communities", March 14, 2012.
- ↑ "Discussing The 'Delmar Divide': A Line Of Stark Racial And Economic Division In St. Louis", December 11, 2012.
- ↑ Harlan. "In St. Louis, Delmar Boulevard is the line that divides a city by race and perspective", August 22, 2014.
- ↑ Primm, James. Lion of the Valley: St. Louis, Missouri, 1764-1980. St. Louis, Missouri: Missouri History Museum Press. 1998. Print
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Smith, Jeffrey. “A Preservation Plan for St. Louis Part I: Historic Contexts” St. Louis, Missouri Cultural Resources Office. Web. Retrieved November 13, 2014.
- ↑ NAACP. Papers of the NAACP Part 5. The Campaign against Residential Segregation. Frederick, MD: University Publications of America. 1986. Web
- ↑ "Shelley House". We Shall Overcome: Historic Places of the Civil Rights Movement. National Park Service. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
- ↑ U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2012-2016, 5-year estimates.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Vigdor (January 2012). "The End of the Segregated Century: Racial Separation in America's Neighborhoods, 1890-2010". Civic Report 66: 1–11.