Wikipedia

Coprolalia

 

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Coprolalia (/ˌkɒprəˈleɪliə/ KOP-rə-LAY-lee-ə) bụ iyi na-enweghị isi ma ọ bụ okwu rụrụ arụ na-enweghị uche ma ọ bụ nkwupụta na-ekwesịghị ekwesị na nke mkparị. Okwu a sitere na Grik κόπρος (kópros), nke pụtara "nsị, nsị", na λαλιά (laliā́) "okwu", site na λαλεῖν (laleîn) "ikwu okwu".[1]

Coprolalia bụ ihe e ji mara mgbe ụfọdụ nke nsogbu tic, ọkachasị ọrịa Tourette, ọ bụ ezie na achaghị ya maka nchọpụta nke Tourette na naanị ihe dị ka 10% nke ndị ọrịa Tourette na-egosipụta coprolalia.[2] Ọ bụghị naanị na nsogbu tic; ọ bụkwa ihe mgbaàmà a na-adịghị ahụkebe nke nsogbu akwara ndị ọzọ.

Coprolalia bụ otu ụdị coprophenomenon. Ndị ọzọ coprophenomena gụnyere ihe mgbaàmà ndị yiri ya nke copropraxia, omume ndị na-enweghị isi dị ka ime ihe rụrụ arụ ma ọ bụ ihe a machibidoro iwu, na coprographia, na-ede ihe ma ọ bụ eserese rụrụ arụ.[3][4]

Ihe ndị e ji mara ya

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Coprolalia na-agụnye okwu na ahịrịokwu ndị a machibidoro omenala ma ọ bụ n'ozuzu ha na-ekwesịghị ekwesị maka iji ọha na eze eme ihe, mgbe ejiri ya mee ihe n'ụzọ na-enweghị ihe gbara ya gburugburu. A naghị eji okwu ahụ akọwa iyi. A na-egosipụtakarị ya site na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ma ọ bụ mmetụta uche, a pụkwara ikwu ya n'olu dara ụda ma ọ bụ ụda dị iche iche karịa mkparịta ụka nkịtị. Ọ nwere ike ịbụ otu okwu, ma ọ bụ ahịrịokwu dị mgbagwoju anya. Onye na-arịa coprolalia nwere ike ikwughachi okwu ahụ n'uche karịa ikwu ya n'olu dara ụda; ụdaolu ndị a nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-enye nsogbu.[5]

Coprolalia bụ ihe e ji mara ọrịa Tourette mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ bụ ezie na achaghị ya maka nchọpụta nke Tourette. Na ọrịa Tourette, onye na-ekwu ahịrịokwu ahụ nwere ike ghara ịchịkwa ịṅụ iyi na nke na-achọghị. Mgbapụta na-enweghị isi, dị ka mkparị agbụrụ ma ọ bụ agbụrụ na mkpakọrịta nke ndị okwu ndị dị otú ahụ kacha kpasuru iwe, nwere ike ịbụ ihe ihere karịsịa. Okwu ndị onye nwere coprolalia kwuru anaghị egosipụta echiche ma ọ bụ echiche nke onye ahụ.[5]

A kọwaala ikpe nke ndị ọrịa Tourette ntị chiri na-aṅụ iyi n'asụsụ ndị ogbi.[6][7]

Coprolalia abụghị naanị maka nsogbu tic; ọ bụkwa ihe mgbaàmà a na-adịghị ahụkebe nke nsogbu akwara ndị ọzọ.[8][9] Ọ nwere ike ime mgbe mmerụ ahụ na ụbụrụ dị ka ọrịa strok na encephalitis; na ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ dị ka choreoacanthocytosis, nkụnwụ, na ọrịa Lesch-Nyhan; na-esiri ya ike na ndị nwere dementia ma ọ bụ nsogbu na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla.[9][9][10][11][12][13][9]

Mgbasawanye nke ọrịa Tourette

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Naanị ihe dị ka 10% nke ndị nwere Tourette na-egosipụta coprolalia, mana ọ na-adọta uche karịa ihe mgbaàmà ọ bụla ọzọ.[2][14]

Enwere obere nnyocha ọrịa na-efe efe nke ọrịa Tourette; ajọ mbunobi nchọpụta na-emetụta ọmụmụ ahụike. Nnyocha banyere ndị nwere Tourette na-esikarị na samples tertiary, ndị kasị ọrịa n'ime ndị ọrịa.[15] Ọzọkwa, a gbanwere ụkpụrụ maka nchọpụta nke Tourette na 2000, mgbe ewepụrụ ụkpụrụ nkwarụ na DSM-IV-TR maka nsogbu niile, na-akpata mmụba nchọpụta nke ndị na-adịghị ike.[16] Tụkwasị na nke a, ọtụtụ ọmụmụ ahụike na-ata ahụhụ site na obere nha sample. Ihe ndị a jikọtara iji mee ka atụmatụ ochie nke coprolalia - nke na-eleba anya n'ebe ndị ọrịa nọ nke ndị siri ike karị - bụrụ ihe mgbe ochie.

Ihe nchekwa data mba ụwa, nke nwere ọtụtụ saịtị nke mmadụ 3,500 nwere ọrịa Tourette nke sitere na ihe nlele ahụike chọpụtara na 14% nke ndị ọrịa nwere Tourette na-esonyere ọnọdụ ndị na-emetụta ya nwere coprolalia, ebe naanị 6% nke ndị na-enweghị mgbagwoju anya ("dị ọcha") Tourette nwere coprolaliya. Otu nnyocha ahụ chọpụtara na ohere nke inwe coprolalia mụbara n'ụzọ kwụ ọtọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ: ndị ọrịa nwere ọnọdụ anọ ma ọ bụ ise - na mgbakwunye na tics - nwere okpukpu anọ ruo isii karịa ndị nwere naanị Tourette.[17]

Otu nnyocha nke usoro ụmụaka n'ozuzu ya chọpụtara 8% nke coprolalia n'ime ụmụaka nwere ọrịa Tourette, ebe nnyocha ọzọ chọpụtara 60% na ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ndị ọzọ (ebe a na-ahụkarị ndị siri ike).[18] Nnyocha Brazil na-adịbeghị anya nke ndị ọrịa 44 nwere ọrịa Tourette chọpụtara na 14% nke coprolalia; nnyocha Costa Rican nke ndị 85 chọpụtara na 20% nwere coprolalia: nnyocha Chile nke ndị ọrịa 70 chọpụtara na 8.5% nke coprolalie; nnyocha ndị okenye na Japan kọrọ na 4% nke coprolaliya; na nnyocha ahụike ka okenye na Brazil chọpụtara na 28% nke ndị ọrịa 32 nwere coprolaliya.[19][20][21][22][23] N'ịtụle nsogbu usoro na-emetụta akụkọ ndị a niile, nkwekọrịta nke Tourette Syndrome Association bụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ dị n'okpuru pasent 15.

Nchịkwa

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A gwọrọ ụfọdụ ndị ọrịa site na ịgba ọgwụ botulinum (botox) n'akụkụ eriri olu. Nke a anaghị egbochi ụda olu, mana nkwarụ nke na-esi na ya apụta na-enyere aka ịchịkwa olu nke ụda ọ bụla.[24][25][26] Mgbatị ọgwụ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mfe karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya.[27]

Ọha na omenala

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Ụlọ ọrụ ntụrụndụ na-egosipụtakarị ndị nwere ọrịa Tourette dị ka ndị na-ekwesịghị ekwesị na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke naanị ihe na-eme bụ coprolalia, nke mere ka mkparị na nghọtahie ọha na eze na ndị nwere Tourette.[28][29][30] Mgbaàmà coprolalic nke Tourette bụkwa nri maka ihe ngosi redio na telivishọn.

Hụkwa

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Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ Coprolalia. Dictionary.com, Accessed 30 October 2006.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Singer HS (March 2005). "Tourette's syndrome: from behaviour to biology". Lancet Neurol 4 (3): 149–59. DOI:10.1016/S1474-4422(05)01012-4. PMID 15721825. 
  3. ↑ Schapiro NA (2002). "'Dude, you don't have Tourette's:' Tourette's syndrome, beyond the tics". Pediatr Nurs 28 (3): 243–6, 249–53. PMID 12087644. 
  4. ↑ Linguistics 210 Semantics. Semantic features and Tourette's Syndrome. Retrieved on 21 November 2006. While this source defines coprographia, it makes misrepresentations about copro phenomena in relation to Tourette's: they are not common, and not required for diagnosis.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Tourette Association of America. Understanding Coprolalia – A misunderstood symptom. Accessed 12 October 2021.
  6. ↑ (March 2000) "Sign language tics in a prelingually deaf man". Mov. Disord. 15 (2): 318–20. DOI:<318::AID-MDS1018>3.0.CO;2-H 10.1002/1531-8257(200003)15:2<318::AID-MDS1018>3.0.CO;2-H. PMID 10752584. 
  7. ↑ (December 2001) "Gilles de la Tourette syndrome in a child with congenital deafness". Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 10 (4): 256–9. DOI:10.1007/s007870170015. PMID 11794551. 
  8. ↑ Singer C (May 1997). "Tourette syndrome. Coprolalia and other coprophenomena". Neurol Clin 15 (2): 299–308. DOI:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70314-5. PMID 9115463. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 (March 2009) "Coprophenomena in Tourette syndrome". Dev Med Child Neurol 51 (3): 218–27. DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03135.x. PMID 19183216. 
  10. ↑ (November 2007) "Contemporary encephalitis lethargica presenting with agitated catatonia, stereotypy, and dystonia-parkinsonism". Mov. Disord. 22 (15): 2281–4. DOI:10.1002/mds.21664. PMID 17914719. 
  11. ↑ (November 2007) "Choreoacanthocytosis in a Mexican family". Arch. Neurol. 64 (11): 1661–4. DOI:10.1001/archneur.64.11.1661. PMID 17998451. 
  12. ↑ (1992) "Intractable seizures, compulsions, and coprolalia: a pediatric case study". J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 4 (3): 315–9. DOI:10.1176/jnp.4.3.315. PMID 1498584. 
  13. ↑ Jinnah HA. Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome. eMedicine.com (August 29, 2006). Accessed 28 October 2006.
  14. ↑ Tourette Syndrome FAQ. Tourette Syndrome Association. Accessed 6 October 2006.
  15. ↑ Swerdlow NR (September 2005). "Tourette syndrome: current controversies and the battlefield landscape". Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 5 (5): 329–31. DOI:10.1007/s11910-005-0054-8. PMID 16131414. 
  16. ↑ What is DSM-IV-TR?. Psychnet-UK. Retrieved on 21 June 2016. “Tourette's Disorder and all of the Tic Disorders no longer require that symptoms cause distress or impair functioning.”
  17. ↑ (July 2000) "An international perspective on Tourette syndrome: selected findings from 3,500 individuals in 22 countries". Dev Med Child Neurol 42 (7): 436–47. DOI:10.1017/S0012162200000839. PMID 10972415. 
  18. ↑ Singer C (May 1997). "Tourette syndrome. Coprolalia and other coprophenomena". Neurol Clin 15 (2): 299–308. DOI:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70314-5. PMID 9115463. 
  19. ↑ (September 2001) "Tics and Tourette syndrome: clinical evaluation of 44 cases". Arq Neuropsiquiatr 59 (3–B): 725–8. DOI:10.1590/S0004-282X2001000500014. PMID 11593273. 
  20. ↑ (April 2001) "Cultural influences on diagnosis and perception of Tourette syndrome in Costa Rica". J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 40 (4): 456–63. DOI:10.1097/00004583-200104000-00015. PMID 11314572. 
  21. ↑ Miranda C (1999). "Enfermedad de los tics (síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette): Características clínicas de 70 pacientes" (in es). Revista Médica de Chile 127 (12): 1480–6. DOI:10.4067/S0034-98871999001200010. PMID 10835756. 
  22. ↑ (August 1998) "Tourette syndrome in Japan: a nationwide questionnaire survey of psychiatrists and pediatricians". Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 52 (4): 407–11. DOI:10.1046/j.1440-1819.1998.00412.x. PMID 9766689. 
  23. ↑ (February 1996) "A Brazilian cohort of patients with Tourette's syndrome". J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 60 (2): 209–12. DOI:10.1136/jnnp.60.2.209. PMID 8708658. 
  24. ↑ (July 1996) "Botulinum toxin injection into vocal cord in the treatment of malignant coprolalia associated with Tourette's syndrome". Mov. Disord. 11 (4): 431–3. DOI:10.1002/mds.870110413. PMID 8813224. 
  25. ↑ Jankovic J (May 1994). "Botulinum toxin in the treatment of dystonic tics". Mov. Disord. 9 (3): 347–9. DOI:10.1002/mds.870090315. PMID 8041378. 
  26. ↑ (August 2000) "Botulinum toxin in the treatment of tics". Arch. Neurol. 57 (8): 1190–3. DOI:10.1001/archneur.57.8.1190. PMID 10927800. 
  27. ↑ (January 2005) "Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome and its impact in the UK". Postgrad Med J 81 (951): 12–9. DOI:10.1136/pgmj.2004.023614. PMID 15640424. 
  28. ↑ (March 2014) "Tourette syndrome in film and television". The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 41 (2): 226–32. DOI:10.1017/S0317167100016620. PMID 24534035. 
  29. ↑ (2012) "Public perception of Tourette syndrome on YouTube". Journal of Child Neurology 27 (8): 1011–16. DOI:10.1177/0883073811432294. PMID 22821136. 
  30. ↑ Holtgren B. "Truth about Tourette's not what you think", The Cincinnati Enquirer, January 11, 2006. “As medical problems go, Tourette's is, except in the most severe cases, about the most minor imaginable thing to have. ... the freak-show image, unfortunately, still prevails overwhelmingly. The blame for the warped perceptions lies overwhelmingly with the video media—the Internet, movies and TV. If you search for 'Tourette' on Google or YouTube, you'll get a gazillion hits that almost invariably show the most outrageously extreme examples of motor and vocal tics. Television, with notable exceptions such as Oprah, has sensationalized Tourette's so badly, for so long, that it seems beyond hope that most people will ever know the more prosaic truth.”

Templeeti:Topics related to Tourette syndrome

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