Wikipedia

Broadband

na telekomunikasonu, brọdband bụ nnyefe data obosara-bandwidth nke na-ebufe ọtụtụ akara n'ọtụtụ ugboro na njikọ ịntanetị. The ọkara nwere ike ịbụ coaxial cable, optical fiber, wireless internet (redio) gbagọrọ agbagọ ụzọ, ma ọ bụ satịlaịtị

Ndebanye aha netwọk (n'otu mmadụ 100).
Broadband
technique
obere ụdị nkelinkage Dezie
aha mkpirisiTHD Dezie
hashtagTHD Dezie
Stack Exchange mkpadohttps://stackoverflow.com/tags/broadband Dezie
megidere nkenarrowband Dezie

N'ihe gbasara ohere Ịntanetị, a na-eji bandwidth eme ihe iji gosipụta ịnweta Intanet ọ bụla dị elu nke na-amalite mgbe niile ma ngwa karịa nnweta iraye si ipe lori afọwọṣe ibile tabi awọn iṣẹ ISDN PSTN.[1]

Ezigbo netwọk nkwukọrịta nwere njirimara ndị a: bandwidth, multi-media, multippoint, multiple-rate na mmejuputa akụ na ụba maka ọrụ dịgasị iche iche (ọtụtụ ọrụ).[2][3]t awọn àsopọmọBurọọdubandi ese awọn iṣẹ oni nẹtiwọki (B-ISDN) iji nye njirimara ndị a. A kwalitere Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) dị ka teknụzụ a chọrọ maka izute ihe ndị a.[3]

Nchịkọta

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A na-etinye ụkpụrụ dị iche iche maka "obosara" n'ọnọdụ dịgasị iche na n"oge dị dịtụ iche. Mmalite ya dị na physics, acoustics, na injinia usoro redio, ebe ejirila ya mee ihe n'echiche yiri "obosara", ma ọ bụ n"ihe gbasara usoro mbelata mkpọtụ, mgbe ọ gosipụtara otu band karịa usoro usoro ọtụtụ-audio-band nke compander.[4][5] Ka e mesịrị, site na ọbịbịa nke nkwukọrịta dijitalụ, a na-ejikarị okwu ahụ eme ihe maka nnyefe n'ọtụtụ ọwa. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-agbanwe mgbaàmà passband ka o wee nwee ike ịnọ n'otu ọwa (ma e jiri ya tụnyere mgbapụta baseband nke ejikọtara ya na njedebe kachasị ala nke spectrum, lee koodu akara), ọ ka na'ime otu ọwara. Isi ihe dị iche bụ na ihe a na-ewere dị ka mgbaàmà bandwidth n'echiche a bụ mgbapụta nke na'ime ọtụtụ (na-abụghị masking, orthogonal) passbands, si otú a nye ohere maka nnyefe dị elu karịa otu onye na - ma nwee mgbagwoju anya ọzọ na transmitter / receiver circuit.

Okwu a ghọrọ ihe a ma ama site na 1990s dị ka okwu ahịa maka ịnweta Ịntanetị nke dị ngwa karịa ịnweta dial-up (akpọ oku na-ejikarị 56 kbit / s). Nkọwa a nwere njikọ dị anya na nkọwa mbụ ya.

Kemgbe afọ 1999, Wiwọle intanẹẹti Broadband ti jẹ ifosiwewe ninu eto imulo gbogbo eniyan.N'afọ ahụ, na Nzukọ Nzọụkwụ Mba Nile nke a na-akpọ Ngwọta Ego maka Nchịkọta Digital na Seattle, e webatara okwu ahụ bụ Broadbandwidth maka ndị isi ụwa, nke dugara n'ịrụ ọrụ nke mmegharị iji mechie nkewa dijitalụ. Akụkụ ndị bụ isi nke mmegharị a bụ ịtụ aro na nkesa ziri ezi nke broadband bụ ikike mmadụ bụ ihe dị mkpa.[6]

Kọmputa onwe onye mere ka ọ dị mfe ịnweta, njikwa, nchekwa, na mgbanwe nke ozi, ma chọọ nnyefe data a pụrụ ịdabere na ya. Ikwurịta okwu akwụkwọ site na ihe oyiyi na ojiji nke ọdụ ụgbọ elu dị elu nyere usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya karịa iji olu na data naanị. Mkparịta ụka vidiyo na-eme ka mmekọrịta otu dịkwuo anya. Vidio ntụrụndụ dị elu na-eme ka ogo foto dị mma, mana ọ chọrọ ọnụego nnyefe dị ukwuu.

Ihe ọhụrụ a na-achọ maka nnyefe data nwere ike ịchọ ụzọ ọhụrụ maka mgbasa ozi ọzọ karịa ụdị redio jupụtara ugbu a.[7][8] Netwọk nkwukọrịta nke oge a (dị ka netwọk netwọk bandwidth) ga-enye onye ọrụ ọrụ ahụ ọrụ dị iche iche (ọtụtụ ọrụ).

Ihe dị iche na ekwentị ochie

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A na-eji nkwurịta okwu ekwentị eme ihe:

  • naanị onye na-ekwu okwu,
  • jikọtara naanị ekwentị abụọ n'otu oku ekwentị, na
  • jiri circuit nke ọnụego a na-ejighị n'aka.

Ọrụ nke oge a nwere ike ịbụ:

  • Mgbasa ozi,
  • ọtụtụ isi, na
  • ọtụtụ ọnụego.

A na-enyocha akụkụ ndị a n'otu n"otu na ngalaba atọ na'okpuru.[9]

Mgbasa ozi dị iche iche

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Ọkpụkpọ mgbasa ozi nwere ike ịgwa ọdịyo, data, ihe oyiyi, ma ọ bụ vidiyo zuru oke, ọ bụkwa njikọta ọ bụla nke mgbasa akụkọ ndị a. Onye ọ bụla nwere ihe dị iche iche achọrọ maka ogo nkwurịta okwu, dị ka:

  • bandwidth achọrọ,
  • mgbaàmà latency n'ime netwọk, na
  • ntụkwasị obi mgbaàmà mgbe nnyefe site na netwọk.

Ihe ọmụma nke mgbasa ozi ọ bụla nwere ike imetụta ozi sitere na mgbasa akụkọ ndị ọzọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike ịdepụta olu n'ime data site na njirimara olu, na iwu data nwere ike ịchịkwa ụzọ a na-egosi olu na vidiyo. Mmekọrịta ndị a na-emekarị na ọdụ nkwurịta okwu, mana ọ pụkwara ime n'ime netwọk.[3][7]

Ihe dị iche iche

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Ọkpụkpọ olu ọdịnala bụ ọkpịsị aka abụọ, na-achọ njikọ isi na isi site na iji naanị olu. Iji nweta ozi pictorial na nchekwa data dịpụrụ adịpụ ga-achọ njikọ isi na isi nke na-eziga ajụjụ dị ala na data data na vidiyo dị elu site na database. Ngwa vidiyo ntụrụndụ bụ njikọ isi na ọtụtụ isi, na-achọ nkwurịta okwu otu ụzọ nke vidiyo zuru ezu na ọdịyo site na isi iyi mmemme gaa na ndị na'ekiri. Mkparịta ụka vidiyo na-agụnye njikọ n'etiti ọtụtụ ndị otu, na nkwukọrịta olu, vidiyo, yana data. Inye ọrụ n'ọdịnihu chọrọ njikwa mgbanwe nke njikọ na arịrịọ mgbasa ozi nke ọtụtụ isi, ọtụtụ mgbasa akụkọ nkwukọrịta.[7][8]

Ụdị okporo ụzọ ndị a hụrụ na netwọk netwọk bandwidth sara mbara (nke nwere ihe atụ) na ihe ha chọrọ na-agbakọta na Tebụl 1.

A na-ejikwa eriri ike maka ụdị nkwurịta okwu data dị iche iche. Ọ bụ ezie na usoro ụfọdụ maka njikwa dịpụrụ adịpụ dabere na mgbaàmà band dị warara, usoro ọsọ ọsọ nke oge a na-eji mgbapụta band sara mbara iji nweta ọnụego data dị elu. Otu ihe atụ bụ ọkọlọtọ ITU-T G.hn, nke na-enye ụzọ iji mepụta netwọk mpaghara ruo 1 Gigabit / s (nke a na na'ewere dị ka ọsọ dị elu ka nke 2014) site na iji azụmaahịa ụlọ na wiring ụlọ dị ugbu a (gụnyere eriri ike, kamakwa eriri ekwentị na eriri coaxial).

N'afọ 2014, ndị na-eme nchọpụta na Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Korea ti ilọsiwaju ti imọ-ẹrọ ati imọ-ẹrọ mere ọganihu n'ịmepụta ngwá ọrụ anya na'ebe dị omimi.[10]

Ịntanetị sara mbara

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N'ihe gbasara ohere ịntanetị, a na-eji okwu ahụ bụ "broadband" eme ihe n'ụzọ na'enweghị isi iji pụta "inweta nke na - na ngwa ngwa karịa ohere dial-up ọdịnala".[11][12]

E nyela nkọwa dị iche iche nke ọsọ n'oge ụfọdụ, gụnyere:

  • "Karịa ọnụego isi" (nke sitere na 1.5 ruo 2 Mbit / s) na "ọrụ broadband" na 1988.[13]
  • "Ntinye ịntanetị nke na-amalite mgbe niile ma na ngwa ngwa karịa ohere dial-up ọdịnala" South US National Broadband Plan of 2009[11][14]
  • 4 Mbit/s n'okpuru mmiri, 1 Mby/S n"elu mmiri Federal ibaraẹnisọrọ Commission (FCC), 2010[15]
  • 25 Mbit/s n'elu mmiri, 3 Mby/S n"elu osimiri, 2015[15]
  • 50 Mbit / s n'okpuru mmiri, 10 Mby /s n"elu mmiri nke Canada Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC)

A na-emeso ma ọ bụ na'elekọta ọrụ ịntanetị Broadband na United States dị ka ihe enyemaka ọha na eze site na iwu nnọpụiche net ruo mgbe FCC kwụsịrị ya na Disemba 2017

Ndị na-eme asọmpi ọsọ

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Ọtụtụ ndị na-achịkwa mba na mba ụwa na'etiti njikọ netwọk dị iche iche dabere na ọsọ na nbudata, kwuru na Mbit / s (megabits kwa sekọnd).

Okwu Ndị na-achịkwa Obere ọsọ nbudata (Mbit/s)



 Obere ọsọ (Mbit/s)



 Ihe edeturu
Fiber zuru ezu / FFTP/H[16] Ofcom 100 1
Gigabit[17] EU Otu puku 1
Ultrafast[18] Ofcom 300 1
Ultra-ngwa ngwa / Gfast[19][17] EU, Gọọmentị UK 100 1
Ngwa ngwa[17] EU 30
Nnukwu Ihe[20] Ofcom 30 1
Nnukwu Ihe[20] Gọọmentị UK 24 1
Broadband[21] FCC 25 3
Broadband[22] Ofcom 10 1
Broadband[23] CRTC 50 10

Na Australia, Australian Competition & Consumer Commission chọkwara ka ndị na-enye ọrụ ịntanetị kwuo ọsọ n'oge abalị na oge ọrụ.[24]

 
Mgbakọta bandwidth zuru ụwa ọnụ: mba 3 nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 50% n'etiti ha; mba 10 fọrọ obere ka ha bụrụ 75%.[25]

N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, a na-ekesa bandwidth n'ụzọ na'ahaghị nhata n"ụwa niile, na ntinye aka na oge dijitalụ. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọ bụ naanị mba iri kwadoro 7075% nke ikike nkwukọrịta zuru ụwa ọnụ (lee ihe osise dị n'aka nri).[25] N'afọ 2014, ọ bụ naanị mba atọ (China, US, Japan) na-anabata 50% nke ikike bandwidth nke nkwukọrịta zuru ụwa ọnụ. U.S. tụfuru idu ndú ya zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ihe gbasara bandwidth arụnyere na 2011, China nọchiri ya, nke na-akwado ihe karịrị okpukpu abụọ karịa bandbroad nke mba na 2014 (29% megide 13% nke ngụkọta ụwa).[25]

Hụkwa

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  • Mgbasa ozi mkpanaka
  • Ultra-obosara
  • Broadband wireless

Mba kpọmkwem:

  • Iyaworan Broadband ni United States
  • Ịntanetị na Malaysia
  • Ịntanetị na United Kingdom
  • Ndepụta nke ndị na-enye bandwidth na United States
  • Atụmatụ mba site na gburugburu ụwa

Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ Types of Broadband Connections; Federal Communications Commission. Fcc.gov (2014-06-23). Archived from the original on 2022-06-05. Retrieved on 2022-06-05.
  2. ↑ Lu, Fang. ATM Congestion Control. Archived from the original on 10 February 2005. Retrieved on 1 March 2005.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Saito, H. (1993). Teletraffic Technologies in ATM Networks. Artech House. ISBN 0-89006-622-1. 
  4. ↑ Attenborough (1988). "Review of ground effects on outdoor sound propagation from continuous broadband sources". Applied Acoustics 24 (4): 289–319. DOI:10.1016/0003-682X(88)90086-2. 
  5. ↑ John P. Shanidin (September 9, 1949). Antenna. US Patent 2,533,900. Archived from the original on December 1, 2011. Issued December 12, 1950.
  6. ↑ Smith (2002). Digital corporate citizenship : the business response to the digital divide. Indianapolis: The Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University. ISBN 1884354203. Retrieved on 15 March 2021. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Hui J. (1990). Switching and traffic theory for integrated broadband networks. Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7923-9061-9. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Sexton M. (1997). Broadband Networking: ATM, SDH and SONET. Boston, London: Artech House Inc.. ISBN 0-89006-578-0. 
  9. ↑ Ferguson P. (1998). Quality of Service: Delivering QoS on the Internet and in Corporate Networks. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. ISBN 0-471-24358-2. 
  10. ↑ Broadband and ultrathin polarization manipulators developed. Phys.org (2014-12-04). Archived from the original on 2016-05-15. Retrieved on 2016-06-21.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 What is Broadband?. The National Broadband Plan. US Federal Communications Commission. Archived from the original on July 13, 2011. Retrieved on July 15, 2011.
  12. ↑ Hart (November 1992). "The building of the internet". Telecommunications Policy 16 (8): 666–689. DOI:10.1016/0308-5961(92)90061-S. 
  13. ↑ Recommendation I.113, Vocabulary of Terms for Broadband aspects of ISDN. ITU-T (June 1997). Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved on 19 July 2011.
  14. ↑ Inquiry Concerning the Deployment of Advanced Telecommunications Capability to All Americans in a Reasonable and Timely Fashion, and Possible Steps to Accelerate Such Deployment Pursuant to Section 706 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, as Amended by the Broadband Data Improvement Act. GN Docket No. 10-159, FCC-10-148A1. Federal Communications Commission (August 6, 2010). Archived from the original on 2012-01-06. Retrieved on July 12, 2011.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 FCC Finds U.S. Broadband Deployment Not Keeping Pace | Federal Communications Commission. Fcc.gov (2015-02-04). Archived from the original on 2016-07-05. Retrieved on 2016-06-21.
  16. ↑ A Brief Price Comparison of UK FTTP / FTTH Ultrafast Broadband ISPs. ISP Review (15 April 2017). Retrieved on 10 April 2019.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Broadband in the EU Member States (12/2018). EU. Retrieved on 10 April 2019.
  18. ↑ UK HOME BROADBAND PERFORMANCE. Ofcom. Ofcom. Retrieved on 10 April 2019.
  19. ↑ Ultrafast fibre Gfast. Openreach. Archived from the original on 22 November 2017. Retrieved on 10 April 2019.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Hood (22 December 2016). Super fast broadband. What Do They Know. Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Retrieved on 10 April 2019.
  21. ↑ "Faster Internet: FCC Sets New Definition for Broadband Speeds", 2015-01-29. Retrieved on 10 April 2019.
  22. ↑ CONNECTED NATIONS 2017. Ofcom. Archived from the original on 25 July 2019. Retrieved on 10 April 2019.
  23. ↑ Government of Canada (2013-03-20). What you should know about Internet speeds. crtc.gc.ca. Retrieved on 2021-01-29.
  24. ↑ Broadband Performance Data. accc.gov.au (30 April 2014). Retrieved on 2021-12-05.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Hilbert (2016-01-06). "The bad news is that the digital access divide is here to stay: Domestically installed bandwidths among 172 countries for 1986–2014". Telecommunications Policy 40 (6): 567–581. DOI:10.1016/j.telpol.2016.01.006. Retrieved on 2016-06-21. 

Njikọ mpụga

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  • Media related to Broadband at Wikimedia Commons
  • The dictionary definition of broadband at Wiktionary
Ewepụtara na https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Broadband&oldid=196938