Basoche

Basoche bụ guild nke ndị ọrụ iwu nke ụzọ 5 Paris n'okpuru ndị France tupu iwu, bụ ndị a na-ewebata ndị iwu iwu ( procureurs ).  Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ oge ochie nke ihe na-edoghị anya.  Okwu ahụ n'onwe ya sitere na basilica Latin, ụdị ụlọ nke a na-ere aha iwu n'oge maracha cade anya anya.

Ọ malitere site n'oge ọrụ onye nchụaja (onye ọka iwu, onye ọka iwu ma ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya iwu) ka nweere onwe ya n'echiche nke na ndị na-enye ndị ọzọ ọrụ ahụ mgbe iwu nyere ikike ka erubeghị ndị ọrụ ọha na ndị minista.  N'ihi nke a, e hiwere n'akụkụ ọ bụla dị mkpa ụlọ ọrụ iwu otu ndị odeakwụkwọ, ya bụ, nke ndị ikom nwere nkà na iwu (ma ọ bụ ndị a na-ewere dị ka otú), bụ ndị na mbụ eleghị anya ga-ejupụta n'enweghị mmasị na-ejuputa rôles nke nnọchiteanya ma ọ bụ onye na-akwado.  Nke a bụ mmalite nke Basoche nke omeiwu Paris;  nke na-etolite onwe ya ka ọ bụrụ guild, dị ka ọrụ ndị ọzọ na azụmaahịa na Middle Ages.

Ma nzukọ a mechara gbasasịa, na-ekewa n'ime ahụ pụrụ iche: nke ndị na-akwado ya, onye akụkọ ihe mere eme ya na-amalite; na nke ndị nnọchiteanya iwu, ndị ọrụ ha na-arụ ọrụ na 1344, ma ghọọ ngwa ngwa na-akwụ ụgwọ. Ihe fọdụrụ n’ime ndị odeakwụkwọ mbụ bụ Basoche ọhụrụ, bụ́ nke gawa n’ihu bụ nanị ndị na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị odeakwụkwọ maka ndị na-azụ ahịa, ndị bara ọgaranya n’ime ha na-achọsi ike irute n’ọkwa onye nhọpụta. Ha niile, Otú ọ dị, jigidere ụfọdụ akara nke ọnọdụ mbụ ha. “A nabatara ha,” ka otu onye edemede nke narị afọ nke 18 na-ede, “ka ha rịọ M. le lieutenant civil sur les réferes [lower-alpha 2] na n'ihu M. le juge auditeur; nke mere na ndị na-azụ ahịa n'ụbọchị ndị a bụ naanị ndị mbụ. ndị odeakwụkwọ nke Basoche, kwetara na ha na-arụ ọrụ n'okwu ndị dị mkpa karịa ndị odeakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ na ewepu ha." [1]

[1]Site n'oge ochie Basoche echekwawokwa ụdị na aha ụfọdụ mara mma.  A na-akpọ ya "alaeze nke Basoche," na ogologo oge, onye isi ya, nke a na-achọ kwa afọ na nzuko zuru ezu, nwere aha "eze."  Nke a ọ ga-ahapụrịrị na njedebe nke mfe awụ nke 16, site n'usoro, a na-ekwu, nke Henry III, a na-akpọkwa ya "Chancelor."  N'oge a, a na-ekwu na iwu ahụ ike ndị nwe 6,000.  [2] The Basoche nwere ma e wezụga ya maîtres des requêtes, a nnukwu ikpe-crier, a referendary, onye na-akwado-General, a procureur-général, a chaplain, wdg N'oge mbụ, na ruo na ọkara mbụ nke mbụ.  ọnyá afọ nke 16, a haziri ya.  na ụlọ ọrụ n'ụzọ agha ma na-eme egwuregwu oge ụfọdụ ma ọ bụ parades ( montres ), mgbe ụfọdụ na-ebuli ngwá agha na ọrụ eze n'oge agha.  Nke a na-adị ndụ mgbe e gosiri nanị kwa afọ cavalcade, mgbe ndị òtù nke Basoche gara eze njirimara nke Bondy ibelata maypole, nke ha ezi guzobe n'ogige nke Palais de Justice, na onyeisi ịgbà na opi.  Anyị na-anụkwa ihe ndị nke satirical na akwụkwọ ozi nke ndị ọrụ nke Palais de Justice nyere, na omume ha na-abụ egwu n'ihu ọha, bụ nke na-eme ihe dị mkpa n'ụzọ ihe mere eme nke ihe nkiri.  mba;  ma na njedebe nke ụtụtụ nke 16 ka amachibidoro ihe omume ndị a n'ime nnukwu ọnụ ụlọ nke Palais.

Ruo n'ikpeazụ Basoche nwere ikike abụọ bụ isi.  (1) Ka a mara ya dị ka onye na-azụta tozuru oke ọ dị mkpa ka ọ gafechara "ọkwa" nke mmadụ na Basoche, ka etinyere ya n'aha awụ iri na ndebanye aha ya.  O zughị ezu ịbụ onye nwe n'oge ahụ na idebanye aha ya n' akwụkwọ n'iji ya.  Iwu a bụ oge ndị ugboro ugboro na ndị awụ nke 17 na 18 n'etiti ndị òtù Basoche na ndị na-azụ ahụhụ, na n'ozuzu ya, n'agbanyeghị egwu ụfọdụ na-akwado nke ikpeazụ, ndị omeiwu ikike nke Basoche.  .  Echiche dị ya mma n'ihi na ụmụ akwụkwọ nke ndị na-azụ aja nyere na-atụ egwu.  Asambodo ndị nwere nwere nke ọma, Ọzọkwa, n'ebe a na- ike Basoche.  (2) Ndị Basoche nwere ikike ikpe nke iwu akwụkwọ.  O nwere ikike aka ná ntì n'ebe ndị otu ya nọ ma ike omume onwe onye na iwu obodo nke otu onye mmetụta wetara anyị onye ọzọ ma ọ bụ onye si mba ọzọ ibu onye ibu.  Mkpebi ahụ, n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ọ àlà ma ọ bụrụ na a maître des requêtes ga-enye ya, bụ ikike, na ọ bụ ikike, na ọ bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ obodo nwere ike ịgba ya n'ihu kansụl oge ochie nke Basoche.

. [1]Châtelet nke Paris nwere basoche iche, bụ nke kwuru na ya nkata nke Palais de Justice, na e nwere ike n'etiti ha ụfọdụ ikike.  Ndị isi nke ndị na-azụ ahịa na cour des comptes nke Paris nwere Basoche nke oge ochie, nke a na-akpọ "empire de Galilée."  Basoche nke Palais de Justice nwere n'oge ochie ikike mkpasu iwe na mpaghara n'ime ikike nke ndị omeiwu Paris, ya mere e nwere ụfọdụ ọnụ ọgụgụ basoches mpaghara.  Ndị ọzọ bụ ndị nweere onwe ha si akpa;  n'etiti ndị dị otú ahụ ịbụ "nke Rouen na Basoche nke Parlement nke Toulouse

.

Ntụaka

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}Esmein, Jean Paul Hippolyte Emmanuel Adhémar (1911). "Basoche". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 484–485. This cites:
  • Répertoire de jurisprudence des Guyot; Recueil des Statuts du royaume de la basoche (Paris, 1654).
  • L. A. Fabre, Études historiques sur les clercs de la basoche (Paris, 1856).
•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Basoche". New International Encyclopedia. Vol. 2 (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.