Wikipedia

Barbara Jordan

Onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị America (1936-1996)

Barbara Charline Jordan (February 21, 1936 - Jenụwarị 17, 1996) bụ onye ọka iwu America, onye nkuzi, [1] na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị . Onye otụ ndi ochichi onye kwuo uche, ọ bụ onye mbụ Afrikan Amerikan a họpụtara na Texas Sineti mgbe nwughari, onye mbụ Nwanyi South Afrikan-Amerikan a họpụtara na United States Ụlọ Nnọchiteanya, [2] na otu n'ime mbụ Afrikan Amerikan abuọ a họpụtara na n'ulọ U.S Nkwekorita mbụ kemgbe 1901, yana Andrew Young nke Georgia.

Jordan nwetara aha ama ama maka ịnye nkwupụta mmeghe dị ike [3] na nnọkọ kọmitii Ụlọikpe n'oge usoro nchụpụ megide Richard Nixon . N'afọ 1976, ọ ghọrọ onye Afrikan-Amerikan mbụ, na nwanyị mbụ, na-ekwu okwu isi okwu na Mgbakọ Mba Democratic . [4] Ọ natara nrite onye isi ala nke nnwere onwe, n'etiti ọtụtụ nkwanye ugwu ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ Afrikan- Amerikan e liri na ebe ana-eli ozu Texas Steeti [5] [6] A makwaara Jordan maka ọrụ ya dị ka onye isi oche nke ulọ ọru US Commission na mgbanwe mbata na opụpụ

Ndụ Mbido

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A mụrụ Barbara Charline Jordan na ngalaba nke is di na Houston, Texas . [2] Jordan biri ndụ ya di ka nwatakịri n'ime ụlọ ụka a na kpọ Good Hope Missionary Baptist . Nne ya bụ Arlyne Patten Jordan, onye nkuzi na ụlọ ụka ahu buru kwa onye odibo, nna ya bụ Benjamin Jordan, onye nkwusa na ụlọ ụka Baptist na arụ kwa ọrụ dike onye nkwakọba ihe.[1][7] Jordan ga-agụ uri na chọọchị ma soro kwa ụmụnne ya ndị nwanyị bụrụ abụ gospel.[8] N'afọ 1949, nna Jordan bidoro kpewa chọọchị na Greater Pleasant Hill Baptist dị ka onye ụkọchukwu oge niile.[8]

Site na úmú nne ya, Jordan bụ nwa nwa nwa Edward Patton, onye bụ otu n'ime ndị ikpeazụ Afrikan Amerikan so na Ụlọ ndị nnọchiteanya tupu a napụ ndị oji Texas ikike n'okpuru Jim Crow. Barbara Jordan bụ nwa ikpetemaazụ n'ime ụmụ atọ, [1] ụmụnne ya atọ bu Rose Mary Jordan McGowan na Bennie Creswell Jordan (1933-2000).

Jordan gara Roberson Ụlọ akwụkwọ elementri . [7] O ji nkwanye ugwu guchaa na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndri Phillis Wheatley n'afọ 1952 . [7] [1][9] Na Wheatley, ikike asụsụ Jordan biara tozuo okè site na nkwado nke ndị nkuzi na usoro mmụta ya. Onye nkuzi Bekee ya Mrs. D. B. Reid, ọkà okwu Ashton J. Oliver, na onye nkuzi okwu na ejije Robert T. Holland.[10] bu ndị metụtata ndu Jordan ebe odi ukwuu

Jordan tụrụ aka na okwu Edith S. Sampson ọ nụrụ n'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị bu ihe kpaliri mmụọ ya ịghọ onye ọka iwu.[11] N'ihi nkewa, Jordan ewelịghị ike ịgụ aķwụkwọ Mahadum Texas na Austin kama ọ họọrọ Mahadum Southern Texas, ụlo akwụkwọ ndị oji ebe ana akuziri kari sayensị ndọrọ ọchịchị na akụkọ ihe mere eme.[8] Na Mahadum Texas Southern, Jordan bụ onye mmeri na-nrụrịta ụka, na-amụta kwa ihe n'aka onye nkuzi ya, Thomas Freeman, O meriri ndị nrụrịta ụka si Yale na Brown, ma na ya na ndị nrụrita ụka Mahadum Harvard.[7] jikotara Na ngụcha akwụkwọ ya, ọ tụrụ ugwu magna cum laude n'afọ 1956. [7][9] Na Mahadum Texas Southern, o so na ndị otụ Delta Gamma chapta nke Delta Sigma Theta .[7] Ọ gara Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Iwu nke Mahadum Boston gụchaa n'afọ 1959. [7][9]

Jordan kụziri sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Ụlọ akwụkwọ Tuskegee na Alabama ruo orụ ebe ahụ otu afọ.[7] N'afọ 1960, ọ laghachiri Houston wee bido omume iwu nkeionwe[7] N'oge ahụ na Texas, e nwere naanị ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọka iwu ojii abụọ, otu bụ Jordan, onye dị afọ iri abụọ na anọ. Iji bido sụ ọrụ ya, Jordan ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ oǰīī rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye enyemaka nchịkwa nye onye ọka ikpe mpaghara, Bill Elliott.[4][12][13][14] Jordan malitere ọrụ ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'afọ1960 mgbe ọ ghọrọ onye ọrụ afọ ofufo maka mkpọsa John F. Kennedy-Lyndon B. Johnson, na-aga na ụlọ ụka ndị Afrikan Amerikan na Houston iji igbaa ndị mmadụ ume ka ha tụọ vootu.

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Finkelman (2009). Encyclopedia of African American History 1896 to the Present: From the Age of Segregation to the Twenty-First Century. New York: Oxford University Press, 59–61. ISBN 978-0-19-516779-5. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Clines. "Barbara Jordan Dies at 59; Her Voice Stirred the Nation", The New York Times, January 18, 1996. Retrieved on 2016-10-22.
  3. ↑ JORDAN, Barbara Charline | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives. history.house.gov. Retrieved on 2016-10-22.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Curtin, M.E. (2004) Barbara Jordan: The politics of insertion and accommodation, Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 7(4), 279-303, https://doi.org/10.1080/1369823042000300117
  5. ↑ Barbara Jordan. Humanities Texas. Retrieved on 18 February 2016. “...Templeeti:NbspWhen she died, in 1996, her burial in the Texas State Cemetery marked yet another first: she was the first black woman interred there.”
  6. ↑ Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Location 24267). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 Barbara Jordan. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved on 2009-05-23. at Beejae.com
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :10
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Profile: Barbara Jordan (1936–1996). Archived from the original on November 14, 2008. Retrieved on 2009-05-23. at Human Rights Campaign
  10. ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :3
  11. ↑ Ross (February 1977). "Barbara Jordan-New Voice in Washington". The Reader's Digest: 148–152. 
  12. ↑ Barbara Jordan Biography (en). Barbara Jordan Biography. Retrieved on 2024-04-10.
  13. ↑ Brown (1998). "Barbara C. Jordan - 1936-1996 Ahead of Her Time: Women in History". Circles: Buffalo Women's Journal of Law and Social Policy 6 6: 1–2. 
  14. ↑ Biography – Barbara Jordan Freedom Foundation (en). Retrieved on 2024-04-10.
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