Asusu Sidama
Sidama maọbụ Sidaamu Afoo bụ asụsụ Afro-Asiatic nke sitere na alaka Highland East Cushitic nke ezinaụlọ Cushittic. Ndị Sidama na-asụ ya n'akụkụ ndịda Etiopia, ọkachasị na Sidama National Regional State (SNRS). Sidaamu Afoo bụ aha agbụrụ maka asụsụ ahụ, ebe Sidaminya bụ aha ya na Amharic. Ọ bụ ezie na a maghị na ọ nwere asụsụ ọ bụla, ọ na-ekerịta ihe karịrị pacent iri isii na-ani yiri Alaba-K'abeena, pacent iri isii na-abuo na Kambaata, na pacent iri ise na-ato na Hadiyya, nke niile bụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ a na-asụ na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Etiopia. Usoro okwu bụ SOV. Sidaama nwere ihe karịrị 100,000 ndị na-ekwu okwu L2. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ maka ndị na-ekwu okwu L1 bụ otu pacent ruo pacent ise ebe maka ndị na'ekwu okwu L2 ọ bụ pacent iri abuo. N'ihe gbasara ederede ya, Sidaama jiri edemede Etiopia ruo 1993, site na nke ahụ gaa n'ihu ọ na-eji edemede Latin.[1]
Ụfọdụ ndị edemede ejirila okwu Sidamo mee ihe iji zoo aka n'ìgwè buru ibu nke East Cushitic na ọbụna asụsụ Omotic.[2] Asụsụ ndị dị n'ime otu Sidamo a nwere ihe ndị yiri ya, na-agbanwe agbanwe.[3] Nsonaazụ sitere na nyocha e mere na 1968-1969 gbasara nghọta dị n'etiti asụsụ Sidamo dị iche iche na-egosi na Sidaama nwere njikọ chiri anya na asụsụ Gedeo, nke ya na ya nwere ókèala n'ebe ndịda, karịa asụsụ Sidamo ndị ọzọ.[4] Dị ka Ethnologue si kwuo, asụsụ abụọ ahụ nwere otu okwu nke pacent iri isii. [5] Okwu Sidaama enweela mmetụta site na okwu Oromo.
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
dezieMkpụrụ okwu udaolu
dezie| Ọnụ | Ezé / Alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Ọkụ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive/Affricate |
plain | b | t d | tʃ dʒ | k g | |
| ejective | pʼ | tʼ | tʃʼ | kʼ | ʔ | |
| implosive | ɗ | |||||
| Ihe na-esiri ike | f | s z | ʃ | h | ||
| Ụgbọ imi | plain | m | n | ɲ | ||
| glottalized | ʼm | ʼn | ||||
| Ịkụ aka | plain | ɾ | ||||
| glottalized | ʼɾ | |||||
| Ihe atụ | plain | w | l | j | ||
| glottalized | ʼl | ʼj | ||||
- A na-anụ ụdaolu ndị ọzọ /p/ na /v/ naanị site na okwu ndị a gbazitere.
- Ntonite dịkwa maka ọtụtụ ụdaolu (dịka /tː, kː, pʼː/).[6]
- /ɾ/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka trill [rː] mgbe o tonitere
Mkpụrụedemede udaume
dezie| N'ihu | Central | Nlaghachi | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N'akụkụ | i iː | u uː | |
| N'etiti | e eː | o oː | |
| Emeghe | a aː |
Asụsụ
dezieOkwu Ndị Na-ekwu Okwu
dezieNa Sidaama, ọ bụghị ahịrịokwu niile nwere aha. Nke a nwere ike ime mgbe o doro anya ụdị ihe onye na-ezo aka na ahịrịokwu aha bụ, na ọ dịghị mkpa ka onye na-ekwu okwu kwuo ya. Sidaama nwere ụdị ahịrịokwu aha abụọ na-enweghị aha. Otu ụdị bụ naanị adjective ma ọ bụ nọmba, ebe adjective Ma ọ bụ nọmba kwekọrọ na ikpe, nọmba, na okike na onye na-ezo aka na ahịrịokwu aha. A na-egosi nke a n'ihe atụ ndị dị n'okpuru ebe a:Templeeti:InterlinearTempleeti:InterlinearỤdị okwu aha ọzọ na-enweghị aha na-eji aha-okwu clitic, ma ọ bụ NPC. NPC a na-amalite na t (FEM) ma ọ bụ h (MASC). A na-eche na nke a sitere na ngosipụta Afro-Asiatic nwere t (FEM) ma ọ bụ k (MASC). Sidaama NPC na-apụta n'ụdị dị iche iche. Ụdị a na-eji eme ihe na-adabere na okike nke onye na-ezo aka na ahịrịokwu aha, na ọrụ syntactic ma ọ bụ ikpe nke ahịrịokwu okwu. Mgbe a na-eji NPC mepụta ahịrịokwu aha na-enweghị aha, ma onye na-ekwu okwu ma onye na na-ege ntị maara onye na-ezo aka na ya. N'okwu a, NPC na-ejikọta na njedebe nke ahịrịokwu aha ma ọ bụ ahịrịokwu ikwu iji mepụta ahịrịokwu na-enweghị aha. A na-egosi nke a n'ihe atụ ndị dị n'okpuru ebe a:Templeeti:InterlinearTempleeti:Interlinear
Ihe odide
dezie- ↑ Raymond G. Gordon Jr., ed. 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 15th edition. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
- ↑ Ring, Trudy, Noelle Watson, and Paul Schellinger. "International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa, Volume 4." 1994.
- ↑ Leslau, Wolf. "Sidamo Features in the South Ethiopic Phonology." "Journal of the American Oriental Society," 1959.
- ↑ Bender, Marvin L. and Robert L. Cooper. "Mutual Intelligibility Within Sidamo." 1979.
- ↑ Raymond G. Gordon Jr., ed. 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 15th edition. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
- ↑ Kawachi (2007). A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo): a Cushitic language of Ethiopia. University of Buffalo.