Asụsụ Wunambal

Wunambal
Spoken in:	Western Australia
Total speakers:	—
Language family:	Worrorran; Wunambal
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:	—
ISO 639-3:	—
	Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.

Asụsụ Wunambal, nke a makwaara dị ka Northern Worrorran, Gambera ma ọ bụ Gaambera, bụ asụsụ Aboriginal Australia nke Western Australia. O nwere ọtụtụ olumba, gụnyere Yiiji, Gunin, Miwa, na Wilawila (nke Gaambera na Wunambal dịkwa iche dị ka ndị dị iche). Ọ bụ ndị Wunambal na-asụ ya.

Wunambal bụ otu n'ime Asụsụ Worrorran atọ, ndị ọzọ bụ (Western) Worrorra na Ngarinyin (Eastern Worrorra, ma ọ bụ Ungarinjin) .

As of 2020^[update], "Wunambal Gaambera" bụ akụkụ nke ọrụ mweghachi asụsụ.

Nchịkọta

Wunambal ^[1] asụsụ na-ekewa aha nke so n'ezinụlọ asụsụ Northern Kimberley nke ndị Worrorra nke ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Kimberleys na Australia na-asụ, ebe obibi nke Ndị Aborigine Australia. ^[2] bụ otu n'ime Asụsụ Worrorran atọ, ndị ọzọ bụ (Western) Worrorra na Ngarinyin (Eastern Worrorra, ma ọ bụ Ungarinjin) , [1] niile bụ "Northern Kimberley Division".

Ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ kewara ya dị ka ndị na-abụghị ndị Pama-Nyungan; "Ụlọ ndị ọzọ na-abụghị asụsụ Pama- Nyungan bụ Nyulnyulan na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ, Bunuban na ndịda, na Jarrakan n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. " ^[3] Ndị ọkà mmụta mmụta asụsụ kewapụrụ Wunambal na olumba ya dị ka asụsụ na-ebute aha. Ụfọdụ emeela ^[2] e nwee ọdịiche dị n'etiti Egwu atọ nke Worrorran dị ka Wunambalic, Ungarinyinic, na Worrorric, nke a na-ahụkarị dị ka Northern, Central na Southern. ^[3] bụ Asụsụ polysynthetic nke dị iche na "ụdị asụsụ niile dị n'ezinụlọ asụsụ Worrorran nwere klas aha" na "okwu ndị na-ewere prefixes isiokwu na ihe".

Wunambal nwere ọtụtụ olumba, ụfọdụ n'ime ha nwere ike imeso dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche mgbe ụfọdụ: ^[4]

Wunambal n'onwe ya (5 ndị ọkà okwu na 2005)
Gamberre (ọ gwụchara n'afọ 2016)
Kwini (Gunin) (1 ọkà okwu na 2005)
Miwa (Bagu) (ọ dịghịzi)
Yiidji (River Forrest) (ma eleghị anya ndị ọkà okwu 10 na 2005)
? Wilawila (ọ dịghịzi)
? Ginan (ọ dịghịzi)

Bowern (2012) depụtara asụsụ atọ nke Northern Worrorran: Wunambal n'onwe ya, Gamberre, na Gunin.

Aha ndị ọzọ

Aha ndị ọzọ ^[5] mkpụrụ okwu maka Wunambal gụnyere Jeidji, Jeithi, Unambal, Wumnabal, Wunambullu, Yeidji, Yeithi.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

Ihe odide mbụ ^[6] kpọtụrụ aha nke Wunambal bụ na mmalite narị afọ nke 20 site na J.R.B. Love.

Ndị Aborigine ebiela na Kimberleys ruo ma ọ dịkarịa ala afọ 40,000. Ndị Wunambal ^[7] ndị sitere n'agbụrụ ha, ha bụkwa akụkụ nke ihe a na-akpọ 'ebe obibi agbụrụ.' A na-akpọ ala ha guraa, gụnyere ndị Wunambal na ndị Gaambera.

Mgbe ^[6] na ndị Europe nwesịrị mmekọrịta, ndị Worrorran nwere ihe dị ka mmadụ 300. ^[8] nwere ihe na-erughị mmadụ iri na-asụ asụsụ Wunambal na 2009. [1]

Mweghachi asụsụ

^[9]As of 2020^[update], edepụtara Wunambal Gaambera dị ka otu n'ime asụsụ 20 a na-ebute ụzọ dị ka akụkụ nke Priority Languages Support Project, nke First Languages Australia na-eme ma na-akwado site na Ngalaba nkwukọrịta na nka. Ebumnuche ọrụ a bụ "ịchọpụta na idepụta asụsụ ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ - asụsụ ndị nwere obere ma ọ bụ enweghị akwụkwọ ọ bụla, ebe a na-edeghị ihe ndekọ ọ bụla, mana ebe e nwere ndị na-ekwu okwu dị ndụ".

Mkpụrụ okwu

Asụsụ Wunambal dị iche na asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke Kimberley na ọdịiche ya na-emepụta ụda alveolar vs. post-alveolar. Nkwụsị, imi, akụkụ, rhotics, na glides na-agụnye ụzọ nkwekọrịta: ebe ụda olu anaghị adị iche na nkwụsị. Enwere ike ịchọta tebụl nke ndepụta ụdaume na nkọwa nke mmepụta ụdaume na Wunambal: Asụsụ nke North-West Kimberley Region, Western Australia site na TL. Carr.^[10]

Ụda okwu Wunambal^[10]^[11]
	Mpaghara		Akụkụ dị iche iche	Apical
	Akpụkpọ ahụ	Velar	Palatal	Alveolar	Retroflex
Kwụsị	p~b	k~ɡ	c~ɟ	t~d	Isiokwu
Ụgbọ imi	m	ŋ	ɲ	n	Ọ bụ n'oge na-adịghị anya
Tap/trill				ɾ~r
N'akụkụ			ʎ	l	Ọdịdị
Ihe atụ	w		j	Ọdịdị

A na-anụ ụda nkwụsị site na enweghị olu ruo na olu.
/r/ nwere ike ịnụ dị ka tap, ma ọ bụ trill, ma mgbe ejighị ya ike, enwere ike ịnụ ya dị ka fricative a na-ekwupụta.
/ī/ nwekwara ike iru ụda alveolar [ɹ].
/c/ nwere ike ịnụ dị ka fricative [ç], ma ọ bụ affricate [tʃ] n'ọnọdụ mmalite okwu dị iche iche.
/ɡ/ nwere ike ịnụ dị ka [dʒ] mgbe ọ na-esote ụdaume ogologo /iː/ na ọnọdụ mmalite okwu.

Mkpụrụedemede

A nyochara Wunambal "dị ka usoro ụdaume isii nwere ọdịiche /i e a o u ɨ/, na /ɨ/ naanị dị na Northern variety" ^[12]

/i, u/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka [ɪ, ʊ]
/ɨ/ nwere ike ịnwe allophones atọ; [ɨ], [ə], [ʉ].
^[10]/aː/ nwere ike iru ụdaume azụ [ɑː] .

Asụsụ

^[13] nwere klas aha ise na ọkara ugwu nke obodo Wunambal na atọ na ọkara ndịda.

Ọdịdị

Wunambal ^[6] polysynthetic; karịsịa, asụsụ Worrorran nwere nkwekọrịta zuru oke.

Enwere ike ịchọta ndepụta zuru ezu nke klas Wunambal na akara ikpe na Notes on the Wunambal language by Arthur Capell (1941). ^[13]

Nchịkọta okwu

Dị ka ọ dị n'asụsụ niile nke Northern Kimberley, ha nwere ihe dị ịrịba ama nke ngwaa dị mfe na nke dị mgbagwoju anya, na-eji ngwaa enyemaka site na conjugation: "a na-ejikọta ngwaa ụfọdụ site na prefixes maka onye (na ruo n'ókè dị ala), ebe a na-agbakwunye suffixes iji gosipụta akụkụ, ọnọdụ, oge na olu. " ^[2] Asụsụ niile sitere na Worrorran nwere nhazi aha, akara isi, na nkwupụta dị mgbagọ. ^[6]

Okwu

^[13] Northern Worrorran nwere otu okwu.

Edensibia

otu n'ime asụsụ 20 a na-ebute ụzọ dị ka akụkụ nke Priority Languages Support Project, nke First Languages Australia na-eme ma na-akwado site na Ngalaba nkwukọrịta na nka. Ebumnuche ọrụ a bụ "ịchọpụtaotu n'ime asụsụ 20 a na-ebute ụzọ dị ka akụkụ nke Priority Languages Support Project, nke First Languages Australia na-eme ma na-akwado site na Ngalaba nkwukọrịta na nka. Ebumnuche ọrụ a bụ "ịchọpụta

↑ Berson, J. (2010).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Capell, A. (1972).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Carr TL.
↑ Dixon (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge University Press.
↑ Wunambal. EndangeredLanguages.com.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 Clendon, Mark.
↑ Vigilante, T., Toohey, J., Gorring, A., Blundell, V., Saunders, T., Mangolamara, S., ...
↑ McGregor, William, and Alan Rumsey.
↑ Priority Languages Support Project. First Languages Australia. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved on 13 January 2020.
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 Carr TL.
↑ McGregor (1993). Gunin/Kwini, Languages of the World/Materials. München: Lincom Europa. ISBN 3-929075-09-1.
↑ Loakes, D., Carr, T., Gawne, L., & Wigglesworth, G. (2015).
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 Capell, A. (1941).

McGregor (1993). Gunin/Kwini. Munich: Lincom Europa.

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Worrorra: asụsụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri Kimberley (PDF). Mahadum Adelaide. ISBN 978-1-922064-59-2. Enwere ike idepụtaghachi ederede site na isi iyi a, nke dị n'okpuru ikikere Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).Clendon (2014). Worrorra: a language of the north-west Kimberley coast.. University of Adelaide. ISBN 978-1-922064-59-2.

[:42-1] Berson, J. (2010).

[:24-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Capell, A. (1972).

[:1-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Carr TL.

[4] Dixon (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge University Press.

[5] Wunambal. EndangeredLanguages.com.

[:33-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 Clendon, Mark.

[7] Vigilante, T., Toohey, J., Gorring, A., Blundell, V., Saunders, T., Mangolamara, S., ...

[8] McGregor, William, and Alan Rumsey.

[9] Priority Languages Support Project. First Languages Australia. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved on 13 January 2020.

[:12-10] 10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 Carr TL.

[McGregor1993-11] McGregor (1993). Gunin/Kwini, Languages of the World/Materials. München: Lincom Europa. ISBN 3-929075-09-1.

[12] Loakes, D., Carr, T., Gawne, L., & Wigglesworth, G. (2015).

[:02-13] 13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 Capell, A. (1941).

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