Asụsụ Vandalic

Vandalic
Spoken in:	—
Region:	—
Language extinction:	6th century AD
Language family:	Ahendurufi; Germanic; East Germanic †; Vandalic
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:	—
ISO 639-3:	xvn
	Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.

Vandalic bụ Asụsụ German nke ndị Vandals na-asụ n'ihe dị ka narị afọ nke atọ ruo nke isii. ^[1] yikarịrị ka ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Gothic, n'ihi ya, a na-ahazi ya dị ka Asụsụ East German.:: 9 Ihe akaebe ya dị nnọọ iberibe, karịsịa n'ihi ngafe ndị Vandals na-agagharị mgbe niile na ịnakwere ederede n'azụ oge. Ihe odide niile nke oge ^[2] site n'oge a na-asụ Vandalic bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme.: 43–44

Nchịkọta

A: 4 -ahazi Vandalic dị ka asụsụ East German, ^[3]: 4 ^[4] ebe ihe kpatara nkewa a bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme ọ bụghị asụsụ.:^: 7 N'ihi nghọta nke Vandalic dị ka asụsụ East German, nrụzigharị ya site na onomastics nke akwụkwọ ndị Gris na Rom dere dabere na ụdị Gothic. ^[1] mere, o siri ike ịchọpụta ma Vandalic nwere njikọ chiri anya na Gothic.^: 9

Echiche sitere na Gothic na Vandalic, yana Burgundian, na-etolite n'olumba continuum, ma ọ bụ na asụsụ Vandals bụ n'ezie Gothic, na ha bụ asụsụ dị iche iche na-ekewa n'oge mbụ,

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

Ndị Vandals n'oge Migration.

Dabere na akụkọ ifo nke ha, Ndị Goth sitere na Scandinavia. Ya mere, a na-arụrịta ụka, ma Gothic na site na ndọtị Vandalic, sitere na Scandinavia ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị. Ihe akaebe asụsụ na-egosi enweghị njikọ doro anya n'etiti North German na ma ọ bụ Gothic ma ọ bụ Vandalic. ^[5]'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ọ ga-ekwe omume na ma ndị Goth na ndị Vandals si Scandinavia kwaga n'ebe ndịda, ebe asụsụ ha malitere ịpụ na Proto-German.

O yikarịrị ka asụsụ nke Vandalic dị n'ebe ndịda nke oké osimiri Baltic. Ha gafere Rhine na narị afọ nke ise, ^[5] na-ejikọ onwe ha na Hasdingi na Silingi na Gallaecia (n'ebe ugwu Portugal na Galicia) na ndịda Spain, na-eso ndị ọzọ German na ndị na-abụghị ndị German (Visigoths, Alans Ndị Suebi) na c. 410 tupu ha agaa North Africa na 430s. ^[6] ^[7] nwere ọganihu na mmalite narị afọ nke isii, mana mgbe e merisịrị ha na 534 e debere ha n'okpuru ọchịchị Byzantium.^[6]:: 1 A na-eche na a ka na-asụ asụsụ Vandalic n'oge mmeri Byzantium. [1]^[4]:^: 95 O yikarịrị ka ọ lara n'iyi tupu ngwụcha narị afọ ahụ.

Ihe akaebe

^[1] maara obere ihe banyere asụsụ Vandalic ma e wezụga ahịrịokwu dị iche iche na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke aha onwe onye sitere na Vandalic, nke a maara site na akwụkwọ na mkpụrụ ego.:^: 7 ^[2]: Ọtụtụ aha Vandalic ka ndị na-asụ asụsụ Latin ma ọ bụ Grik dere, ndị nwere ike ịkọwa ụdaume n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi ma ọ bụ jiri aha ndị a na-ahụkarị n'asụsụ nne ha. [2]

Okwu

Tebụl ndị dị n'okpuru ebe a na-egosi okwu dị iche iche nke Vandalic, ahịrịokwu na ụdị ndị dị na (ma ọ bụ dị ka) aha na ederede Latin dị iche iche. ^[8] si na Nicoletta Francovich Onesti nweta ọtụtụ n'ime ha. ^{[<span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (September 2023)">clarification needed</span>]}

Vandalic words attested outside of names
Attested Vandalic form	Gothic cognate	Gloss of Vandalic form
arme	𐌰𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌹 (armai) (form of 𐌰𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌽 (arman))	'have mercy!'
baudus (cf. -baudes)	—	'ruler, master'
drincan	𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌽 (drigkan)	'drink (<abbr about="#mwt422" data-cx="[{"adapted":false,"targetExists":false}]" data-mw="{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"abbr","href":"./Template:Abbr"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"inf."},"2":{"wt":"infinitive"}},"i":0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAzk" title="infinitive" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:ExpandedAttrs">inf.</abbr>)'
eils	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃 (hails)	'hail!' (greeting)
ia	𐌾𐌰𐌷 (jah)	'and'
froia	𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰 (frauja)	'lord, (the) Lord'
matzia	𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (matjan)	'eat (<abbr about="#mwt437" data-cx="[{"adapted":false,"targetExists":false}]" data-mw="{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"abbr","href":"./Template:Abbr"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"inf."},"2":{"wt":"infinitive"}},"i":0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwA2M" title="infinitive" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:ExpandedAttrs">inf.</abbr>), have one's meal (<abbr about="#mwt440" data-cx="[{"adapted":false,"targetExists":false}]" data-mw="{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"abbr","href":"./Template:Abbr"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"inf."},"2":{"wt":"infinitive"}},"i":0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwA2Y" title="infinitive" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:ExpandedAttrs">inf.</abbr>)'
scapia	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (skapjan), cf. 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaskapjan)	'make, create'
vandalirice	—	'king of the Vandals'

Vandalic words and forms attested in or as personal names
Attested Vandalic form(s)	Gothic cognate	Proto-Germanic etymon	Old English cognate	Gloss of Vandalic form
ari	𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌹𐍃 (harjis)	*harjaz	here	'army'
baudes (cf. baudus)	—	*baudiz	—	'master, ruler'
bere	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰- (baira-)	*bera-	bera-	'bear, carry'
bluma	𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌼𐌰 (blōma)	*blōmô	*blōma	'bloom, flower'
dagila	𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰 (dagila) cf. 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍃 (dags)	*dag-	(dæg)	'day (<abbr about="#mwt474" data-cx="[{"adapted":false,"targetExists":false}]" data-mw="{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"abbr","href":"./Template:Abbr"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"dim."},"2":{"wt":"diminutive"}},"i":0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwA90" title="diminutive" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:ExpandedAttrs">dim.</abbr>)'
frida frede feua	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌸𐌿𐍃 (friþus)	*friþu-	friþ(u) (cf. MnE †frith)	'peace'
geis	𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃 (gais) cf. 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usgaisjan) ('frighten, scare')	*gaiza-	gār (cf. MnE garlic)	'spear'
gunda guntha	—	*gunþjo	gūþ	'battle'
hildi-, -ild	𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌹- (hildi-)	*hildjō	hild	'battle'
mir mer	𐌼𐌴𐍂𐍃 (mērs)	mēraz, mērijaz	mǣre (cf. MnE ‡mere)	'famous'
munds	—	*mundō	mund (cf. MnE ‡mound)	'defender'
mut	𐌼𐍉𐌸𐍃 (mōþs) ('mood, anger')	*moda-	mōd (cf. MnE mood)	'courage'
oa	𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍃 (hauhs)	*hauha-	hēah	'high'
osta hostra	𐌰𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌰- (austra-)	*austra-	ēast	'east'
rit rith	-𐍂𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌽 (-rēdan) ('to advise')	*rēdaz	rǣd, rēd (cf. MnE †rede)	'advice, counsel'
rix ricus	𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 (reiks)	*rīk-	rice ('dominion')	'king'
runa	𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna)	*rūnō	rūn (cf. MnE †roun, rune)	'secret'
scarila	—	*skarō	scearu (cf. MnE share)	'band (dim.)'
sifila	𐍃𐌹𐌱𐌾𐌰 (sibja)	*sibjō	sibb (cf. MnE sibling)	'kindred (dim.)'
sindi-	𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌸𐍃 (sinþs) ('time, occurrence')	*sinþa-	sīþ (cf. MnE send)	'travel, path'
trioua	𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰 (triggwa)	*triwwa	trīewu	'loyal, true (<abbr about="#mwt599" data-cx="[{"adapted":false,"targetExists":false}]" data-mw="{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"abbr","href":"./Template:Abbr"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"f."},"2":{"wt":"feminine"}},"i":0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwBRE" title="feminine" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:ExpandedAttrs">f.</abbr>)'
teus	𐌸𐌹𐌿𐍃 (þius)	*þewaz	þēow (cf. MnE †thew)	'slave, servant'
theudo	𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰 (þiuda)	*þeudō	þēod (cf. MnE †thede)	'folk'
vili, guilia	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰 (wilja)	*wiljô	willa	'will (noun)'
uit- guit-	𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌹- (weiti-)	*wīti-	—	'struggle, combat'
vult	𐍅𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌿𐍃 (wulþus)	*wulþu-	wuldor	'glory'

Usoro ide ihe

^[9] dere aha ole na ole dị na mkpụrụ ego nke alaeze Vandalic wepụtara na mkpụrụedemede Latin.

Hụkwa

Ndị na-emebi ihe
Asụsụ Gothic
Asụsụ East German
Asụsụ Ndị Agha Ukwu Rom

Edensibia

wezụga ahịrịokwu dị iche iche na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke aha onwe onye sitere na Vandalic, nke a maara site na akwụkwọ na mkpụrụ ego.:: 7 : Ọtụtụ aha Vandalic ka ndị na-asụ asụsụ Latin ma ọ bụ Grik dere, ndị nwere

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Hartmann (2020). The Vandalic language – origins and relationships. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter. ISBN 978-3-8253-4752-9.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Reichert (2009). "Sprache und Namen der Wandalen in Afrika", in Greule: Namen des Frühmittelalters als Sprachliche Zeugnisse und als Geschichtsquellen (in de). Berlin: W. de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110208153.
↑ Wrede [1886] (2018). Über die Sprache der Wandalen (in de). Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter. ISBN 9783111347615.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Hennings (2012). Einführung in das Mittelhochdeutsche, 3 (in de), Berlin: De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-025959-9. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Hennings" defined multiple times with different content
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Hartmann (2023). "Genealogical implications and Germanic phylogeny", Germanic Phylogeny. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 172–211. DOI:10.1093/oso/9780198872733.003.0005. ISBN 9780191983719. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Phylogeny" defined multiple times with different content
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Merrills (2010). The Vandals. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781444318074.
↑ Moorhead (2013). "Goths and Vandals, migration history", The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration, 1 (in en), Wiley. ISBN 978-1-4443-3489-0.
↑ Francovich Onesti (2013). "Tracing the language of the Vandals", Goti e Vandali. Rome: Artemide, 179–195. ISBN 9788875751821.
↑ Friedländer (1849). Die Münzen der Vandalen (in de). Leipzig: Wigand.

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

Wrede [1886] (2018). Über die Sprache der Wandalen (in de). Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter. ISBN 9783111347615.
Reichert (2009). "Sprache und Namen der Wandalen in Afrika", in Greule: Namen des Frühmittelalters als Sprachliche Zeugnisse und als Geschichtsquellen (in de). Berlin: W. de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110208153.
Francovich Onesti (2013). "Tracing the language of the Vandals", Goti e Vandali. Rome: Artemide, 179–195. ISBN 9788875751821.
Hartmann (2020). The Vandalic language – origins and relationships. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter. ISBN 978-3-8253-4752-9.

[Hartmann-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Hartmann (2020). The Vandalic language – origins and relationships. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter. ISBN 978-3-8253-4752-9.

[Reichert-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Reichert (2009). "Sprache und Namen der Wandalen in Afrika", in Greule: Namen des Frühmittelalters als Sprachliche Zeugnisse und als Geschichtsquellen (in de). Berlin: W. de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110208153.

[Wrede-3] Wrede [1886] (2018). Über die Sprache der Wandalen (in de). Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter. ISBN 9783111347615.

[Hennings-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Hennings (2012). Einführung in das Mittelhochdeutsche, 3 (in de), Berlin: De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-025959-9. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Hennings" defined multiple times with different content

[Phylogeny-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Hartmann (2023). "Genealogical implications and Germanic phylogeny", Germanic Phylogeny. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 172–211. DOI:10.1093/oso/9780198872733.003.0005. ISBN 9780191983719. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Phylogeny" defined multiple times with different content

[Miles-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Merrills (2010). The Vandals. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781444318074.

[7] Moorhead (2013). "Goths and Vandals, migration history", The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration, 1 (in en), Wiley. ISBN 978-1-4443-3489-0.

[Onesti2-8] Francovich Onesti (2013). "Tracing the language of the Vandals", Goti e Vandali. Rome: Artemide, 179–195. ISBN 9788875751821.

[9] Friedländer (1849). Die Münzen der Vandalen (in de). Leipzig: Wigand.

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