Asụsụ Tula-Waja

language family
obere ụdị nke	Savannas

Asụsụ Tula-Waja, ma ọ bụ Tula-Wiyaa bụ alaka nke Asụsụ Savanna, nke kacha nso na Kam (Nyingwom), nke a na-asụ n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa. A na-asụ ha karịsịa na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Gombe Steeti na steeti ndị ọzọ gbara ya gburugburu.

A na-akpọ ha "G1" na atụmatụ ezinụlọ asụsụ Adamawa nke Joseph Greenberg ma mesịa tinye ha na alaka Waja-Jen nke ezinụlọ ahụ.

^[1] (2018) na-ahụ nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'ime Tula-Waja, n'akụkụ ụfọdụ n'ihi okwu a machibidoro iwu na-eme ka mgbanwe okwu dị ngwa. ^[2] bụ ezie na klas aha efuola na Dadiya, Maa, na Yebu, Waja na Tula na-ejigide usoro klas aha dị mgbagwoju anya. ^[3]^[4] (1996) na-ahụkwa ọtụtụ ọdịdị yiri ibe ya n'etiti asụsụ Tula-Waja na Central Gur, [1] echiche nke Bennett (1983) na Bennett & Sterk (1977). [2] ^[5]

Asụsụ

Awak: Awak (Yebu), Kamo
Cham-Mona: Dijim-Bwilim, Tso
Dadiya
Tula: Bangwinji, Tula, Waja

Nchịkọta

Ulrich Kleinewillinghöfer (2014), na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Adamawa Languages Project, kewara asụsụ Tula-Waja dị ka ndị a: Kleinewillinghöfer na-ewere Tso na Cham dị ka alaka ndị kewara na mbụ. ^[2] weere Waja dị ka alaka dị iche, ọ bụ ezie na ọnọdụ ya kpọmkwem n'ime Tula-Waja ka bụ ihe a na-ejighị n'aka.

Tula-Waja

Ìgwè Tula
- Tula
  - Kutule
    - Wange
    - Baule
  - Yiri (Yili)
- Dadiya (ụdị dị iche iche)
- Bangwinji
  - Kaalo
  - Naabaŋ
Teta-linkid="119" href="./Yebu_language" id="mwUw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Yebu language">Yebu (Awak) (ụdị dị iche iche)
Ma (Kamo, Kamu)
Cham
- Dijim nke Kindiyo
- Bwilim (nke Mɔna na Loojaa)
Tso (Lotsu-Piri)
- Tso nke Swaabou
- Tso nke Bərbou
  - Tso nke Gusubo
  - Tso nke Luuzo
Waja
- Waja nke W (Wajan Kasa) (ụdị dị iche iche)
- Waja nke Deri (Wajan Dutse) (ụdị abụọ)

Aha na ebe

N'okpuru ebe a bụ ndepụta nke aha asụsụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, na ebe sitere na Blench (2019). ^[6]

Asụsụ	Asụsụ	Asụsụ ndị ọzọ	Aha nke aka maka asụsụ	Aha ndị ọzọ	Aha ndị ọzọ (dabere na ebe)	Aha ndị ọzọ maka asụsụ	Ndị ọkà okwu	Ebe (s)
Dijim-Bwilim							7,545 (1968). ca. Obodo nta 20	Gombe Steeti, Balanga LGA, Adamawa Steeti, Lamurde LGA
Dijim			Dijim	N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-eme ihe na-eme	Cham, Cam, Kindiyo,
Bwilim			Bwilə́m	sg Níi Bwilí pl.	Mwana, Mwona [aha Hausa], Fitilai [aha obodo]		4,282
Dadiya		Nda Dia, Dadia	Ọ bụ mgbe Daddiya pl.	N'ihi ya, ọ bụ ya mere e ji nwee obi ụtọ			3,986 (1961), 20,000 (1992 bụ).	Gombe State, Balanga LGA, Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA na Adamawa State, Lamurde LGA. N'etiti Dadiya na Bambam.
M			S. m. nụbá Ma pl.	nyii Ma	Kamo, Kamu		3000 (SIL)	Gombe State, Kaltungo na Akko LGAs
Tsobo	Bärbou, Guzubo, Swabou	Cibbo	Tsóbó	nyiwe Tsó	Lotsu-Piri, nke ka njọ, ọkụ	Kitta	2,000 (1952)	Gombe Steeti, Kaltungo LGA, Adamawa Steeti, Numan LGA
Tula	Baule, Wangke [nke e ji mee ihe maka mmepe agụmakwụkwọ], Yiri	Ture	Isiokwu a	Naba Kitule pl.			19,209 (1952 W&B); 12,204 (1961-2 Jungraithmayr); 19,000 (1973 SIL). ca. Obodo nta iri ise ?100,000 n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ.	Gombe State, Kaltungo LGA. Tula dị kilomita 30. n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Billiri.
Wiyaa	Ala Dị larịị na Ugwu	Wagga	Nyan Wịyá ebe	Wịyáà	Waja		19,700 (1952 W&B); 50,000 (1992 bụ)	Gombe State, Balanga na Kaltungo LGAs, Waja district. Taraba State, Bali LGA.
Bangjinge	Nabang, Kaloh [orthography based on Nabang]	Bangunji, Bangunje, Bangwinji	Báŋjìŋè sg. Báŋjìŋèb pl.	nyii Bánjòŋ			8000 CAPRO (1995a).^[7] Obodo nta iri abụọ na ise (2008)	Gombe State, Shongom LGA
Yebu			Ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ka a na-eme ya	N'oge na-adịghị anya	Awok		2,035 (1962)	Gombe State, Kaltungo LGA: 10 km n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Kaltungo

Hụkwa

Ndepụta okwu Tula-Waja (Wiktionary)

Edensibia

↑ Güldemann (2018). "Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa", in Güldemann: The Languages and Linguistics of Africa, The World of Linguistics series. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 58-444. DOI:10.1515/9783110421668-002. ISBN 978-3-11-042606-9.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. The languages of the Tula – Waja Group. Adamawa Languages Project.
↑ Bennett, Patrick R. & Jan P. Sterk. 1977. South Central Niger-Congo: A reclassification. Studies in African Linguistics, 8: 241-273.
↑ Bennett, Patrick R. 1983. Adamawa-Eastern: Problems and prospects. In: Dihoff, Ivan R. (ed). Current Approaches to African Linguistics 1. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; 23-48.
↑ Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (1996). Relationship between Adamawa and Gur languages: The case of Waja and Tula.
↑ Blench (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages, 4th, Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
↑ CAPRO Research Office 1995a. Unmask the giant. Jos: CAPRO Media. [Bauchi]

(2014), na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Adamawa Languages Project, kewara asụsụ Tula-Waja dị ka ndị a: Kleinewillinghöfer na-ewere Tso na Cham dị ka alaka ndị kewara na mbụ. weere Waja dị ka alaka dị iche, ọ bụ ezie na ọnọdụ ya kpọmkwem n'ime Tula-Waja ka bụ ihe

Isiokwu a gụnyere ederede dị n'okpuru ikikere CC BY 3.0.

Njikọ mpụga

Asụsụ Tula-Wiyaa - Blench
Tula-Waja - Ọrụ Asụsụ Adamawa
- Ndepụta okwu Tula-Waja (Swadesh 100)
- Nkọwa okwu na nọmba Tula-Waja

[Guldemann-1] Güldemann (2018). "Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa", in Güldemann: The Languages and Linguistics of Africa, The World of Linguistics series. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 58-444. DOI:10.1515/9783110421668-002. ISBN 978-3-11-042606-9.

[Kleinewillinghöfer-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. The languages of the Tula – Waja Group. Adamawa Languages Project.

[3] Bennett, Patrick R. & Jan P. Sterk. 1977. South Central Niger-Congo: A reclassification. Studies in African Linguistics, 8: 241-273.

[4] Bennett, Patrick R. 1983. Adamawa-Eastern: Problems and prospects. In: Dihoff, Ivan R. (ed). Current Approaches to African Linguistics 1. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; 23-48.

[5] Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (1996). Relationship between Adamawa and Gur languages: The case of Waja and Tula.

[BlenchAtlas4-6] Blench (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages, 4th, Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.

[7] CAPRO Research Office 1995a. Unmask the giant. Jos: CAPRO Media. [Bauchi]

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