Asụsụ Sukuma

Sukuma
Spoken in:	—
Region:	—
Total speakers:	—
Language family:	Default; Sukuma
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:	—
ISO 639-3:	—
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Sukuma bụ asụsụ Bantu nke Tanzania, nke a na-asụ n'ógbè ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria n'etiti Mwanza, Shinyanga, nakwa Ọdọ Mmị Eyasi.^[1]

Orthography ya na-eji edemede Roman na-enweghị mkpụrụ edemede pụrụ iche, nke yiri nke a na-eji maka Swahili, a na-ejikwa ya maka nsụgharị Bible na akwụkwọ okpukpe.^[2]^[3]

Asụsụ (KɪmunaSukuma na ọdịda anyanwụ, GɪmunaNtuzu/GɪnaNtuzu na n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ, na Jìnàkɪ̀yâ/JimunaKɪɪyâ na ndịda ọwụwa Anyanwụ) na-aghọta ibe ha n'ụzọ dị mfe.^[4]

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

E nwere àgwà ụdaume asaa, nke na-apụta ogologo na mkpirikpi:^[5]

	N'ihu	Central	Nlaghachi
Elu	i iː		u uː
Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ elu	ɪ ɪː		ʊ ʊː
N'etiti	e eː		o oː
Ala Dị Ala		a aː

/ɪ ʊ/, which are written ⟨ĩ ũ⟩, may be closer to [e o], and /e o/ may be closer to [ɛ ɔ].

Sukuma agafeela Iwu Dahl (ɪdàtʊ́ 'atọ', site na proto-Bantu -tatʊ) ma nwee ụdaolu na-enweghị olu.

Ọ bụghị ihe doro anya ma //c ɟ// kwesịrị ka a na-ewere ya dị ka nkwụsị ma ọ bụ affricates dị ka //tʃ dʒ// ma ọ bụ ma ha bụ ọbụna palatal.

Mkpụrụ okwu bụ V ma ọ bụ CV. E nwere ụda anọ na ụdaume dị mkpirikpi: elu, ala, ịrị elu, na ịda.

Asụsụ

Nkọwa na-esonụ dabere na olumba JinaKɪɪya. Otu n'ime njirimara nke olumba ahụ bụ na a na-eme ka prefixes aha-class ndị dị n'okpuru Iwu Dahl dị ka ụdaume a na-ekwupụta ma yabụ ha anaghịzi agbanwe.

Nkwekọrịta aha

A na-agbakwunye prefixes aha Sukuma site na prefixes a-, ɪ-, ʊ-, nke a na-ahapụ na ụfọdụ ihe owuwu. Ụdị aha nakwa nkwekọrịta ha na-akpata bụ ndị a, na ụdị ndị a kwadoro n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ a na-agbakwunye na parentheses:^[6]^[5]

Ọtụtụ okwu ndị ikwu nwere ụdị dị ala nke prefixes aha, efu na βa-, a na-akpọ klas 1a/2a, dị ka na mààyʊ̂ 'nne', βàmààyʊ̂' 'nne'. Concord yiri aha klas-1/2 ndị ọzọ.

Otu / ọtụtụ abụọ bụ 1/2, 5/6, 7/8, 9/10, na 12/13, na klas locative 16, 17, na 18 enweghị ọtụtụ. Ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-eji klas 6 maka ọtụtụ ha: 11/6, 14/6, 15/6, na mgbe ụfọdụ 7/6 na 12/6. E nwekwara aha ndị na-agbanwe dị ka 11/4, 11/14, 14/10, na 15/8.

Ngwaa na-enweghị njedebe nwere ụdị gʊ-object-ext-ROOT-ext-V-locative, ebe ext na-anọchite anya nke ọ bụla n'ime 'mgbatị' dị iche iche, na -V bụ ụdaume ikpeazụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na mgbọrọgwụ na-acha uhie uhie na ụda a na-ewepụ,^[5]

Nke a bụ ihe na-eme

'Ịkpụ ya'

N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-eme ihe

'Ịkpụ ibe ha'

- Nke a bụ nsonaazụ na-etinye aka, nke a sụgharịrị dị ka 'maka'. Ntinye aha na-esote ya bụkwa ĩ agwakọtawo n'ime ihe na-enweghị njedebe.

Ọhịa-fum-a-mo

'Ịpụ n'ebe ahụ'

-mo bụ locative 'n'ime', dị ka na klas 18 aha concord.

Ngwaa ndị nwere njedebe nwere ụdị isiokwu-TAM-ext-object-ROOT-ext-TAM -V. Dịka ọmụmaatụ,

βa-lĩ-n-iiš-a

'Ha n'enye ya nri'

Mgbọrọgwụ iiš na-agụnye nsonaazụ na-akpata ihe. A na-eji prefix akara oge. Ihe ngosi isiokwu βa- na-egosi na isiokwu ahụ bụ ọnụọgụ mmadụ, site na tebụl aha-nkwekọrịta dị n'elu.

o-dũ-saang-ile

'Ọ chọtara anyị'

N'ebe a, a na-eji nsonaazụ akara oge.

βa-gĩ-gunaan-a

'Ha nyeere ibe ha aka / onwe ha'

N'ebe a, a na-agwakọta prefix na oge na reciprocal ĩ.

Asụsụ a na-asụ

A na-akọ na n'agbanyeghị na Sukuma yiri Nyamwezi nke ukwuu, ndị na-asụ ya n'onwe ha anaghị anabata na ha mejupụtara otu asụsụ.^[7]

Edensibịa

↑ Margaret Arminel Bryan, compiler, The Bantu Languages of Africa, Oxford University Press, 1959.
↑ The Gospel in Many Tongues, The British and Foreign Bible Society, London, 1965.
↑ Kitabo sha Sala na sha Mimbo, Diochesi ya Mwanza, edited / approved by Bishop Renatus Butibubage, 1963.
↑ The prefixes kɪ-, gɪ-, ji- are dialectical variants.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Rahma Muhdhar, 2006, Verb Extensions in Kisukuma, Jinakiiya dialect, MS dissertation, UDSM
↑ Adjectival concord, possessive suffixes on nouns, subject and object suffixes on verbs, and the agreeing form of -mô 'one', -βɪ̀lɪ́ 'two', and 'this'
↑ The Bantu Languages of Africa, as above.

[1] Margaret Arminel Bryan, compiler, The Bantu Languages of Africa, Oxford University Press, 1959.

[2] The Gospel in Many Tongues, The British and Foreign Bible Society, London, 1965.

[3] Kitabo sha Sala na sha Mimbo, Diochesi ya Mwanza, edited / approved by Bishop Renatus Butibubage, 1963.

[4] The prefixes kɪ-, gɪ-, ji- are dialectical variants.

[Muhdhar-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Rahma Muhdhar, 2006, Verb Extensions in Kisukuma, Jinakiiya dialect, MS dissertation, UDSM

[6] Adjectival concord, possessive suffixes on nouns, subject and object suffixes on verbs, and the agreeing form of -mô 'one', -βɪ̀lɪ́ 'two', and 'this'

[7] The Bantu Languages of Africa, as above.

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