Asụsụ Ngadha
Ngadha ( [2] [ŋaa], nke a na-asụbu Ngaʼda) bụ Asụsụ Austronesian, otu n'ime asụsụ isii a na-ekwu n'etiti agwaetiti Flores Ndị Indonesia. Site n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ asụsụ ndị a bụ Ngadha, Nage, Keo, Ende, Lio, na Palu'e. [3] ndị a mejupụtara otu Central Flores nke Asụsụ Sumba-Flores, dị ka Blust si kwuo (2009). [1]
| Ngadha | |
|---|---|
| Bahasa Ngaʼda | |
| A mụrụ ya | Indonesia |
| Ógbè | Okooko osisi |
Ndị na-asụ asụsụ ala
|
(ihe dị ka 65,000 e depụtara 1994-1995) [1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Koodu asụsụ | |
| ISO 639-3 | Ma ọ bụ:nxg - Ngadʼ [sic]nea - Eastern Ngadʼ a [sic] |
| Glottolog | ngad1261
|
Ngadha bụ otu n'ime asụsụ ole na ole nwere retroflex implosive / .
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
dezieUsoro ụda nke Ngadha [4] ka ndị a:
Mkpụrụedemede
dezie| N'ihu | Central | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elu | i | u | |
| N'etiti | na | ə̆ | o |
| Ala Dị Ala | a |
A na-ede ụdaume dị mkpirikpi /ə̆/ na-esochi consonant okpukpu abụọ, ebe ọ bụ na n'ụda ụda, consonant na-aghọ geminate mgbe /ə̆/. Ọ dịghị mgbe na-adịghị etolite usoro na ụdaume ndị ọzọ ma e wezụga ebe glottal nkwụsị ada ada (eg limaessa 'six', si lima 'ise' na 'essa' otu').
N'ime usoro ụdaume, epenthetic [j] nwere ike ịpụta mgbe ụdaume a na-agbaghị agba (dịka na /eu/, /eo/) na [w] mgbe ụdaume gbara agba (dị ka na /oe/, /oi/). Mkpụrụedemede abụọ bụ usoro. Vowels na-abụkarị ndị na-enweghị olu n'etiti ụdaume na-enweghị ụdaume na pre-pausa mgbe ụdaume na'enweghị ụdaume gasịrị.
Mmetụta dị na nkeji okwu nke abụọ, ọ gwụla ma nke ahụ nwere ụdaume /ə̆/, n'ọnọdụ ahụ, nrụgide dị na nkejiokwu ikpeazụ.
Mkpụrụ okwu
dezie| Akpụkpọ ahụ | Ezé ezé | Alveolar | Ọkpụkpụ agbà<br id="mwbw"> | Retroflex | Velar | Mkpịsị aka | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ụgbọ imi | m | n | ŋ | |||||
| Plosive/Africate |
Enweghị ume | b | d̪ | dʒ | ɡọ | ʔ | ||
| aspirated | ph | th | kh | |||||
| implosive | ɓ | Ọdịdị | ||||||
| Ihe na-esiri ike | kwuru okwu | v | z | ɣ | ||||
| enweghị olu | f | s | x | |||||
| Mmiri | n'akụkụ | l | ||||||
| trill | r | |||||||
A na-asụpụta ihe ndị na-apụtaghị ìhè na nke a na-akpọ "Sá" na "Sá". A na-asụpụta fricatives velar, ghī.
N'ụzọ intervocalic, a na-ebute okwu ndị na-adịghị mma site na nkwụsị glottal. Mbido /ɓ/ nwere ike ịbụ nke na-enweghị olu mgbe ụdaume na-esonụ bụkwa nke na-agbawa agbawa.
Trill dị mkpụmkpụ, ma nwee ike ịnwe naanị otu ma ọ bụ abụọ kọntaktị.
Nkwụsị nke akpịrị dị iche 'inu efu na ọnọdụ mbụ, dịka na inu 'ịṅụ' vs 'inu 'obere'. N'okwu ngwa ngwa ọ na-adaba n'etiti ụdaolu.
A na-enyocha okwu [#C̩CV] dị ka ndị nwere schwa mbụ. N'ọnọdụ mbido, a na-ekwupụta ụdaume ahụ mgbe niile (ma ọ bụghị ya, schwa ka dị). Ihe atụ bụ emma [mma] 'nna', emmu [mmu] 'mmpu', enna [nna] 'ájá', Ennga [ŋŋa] (aha), ebba [bba] 'swadling sling', ebbu [bbu] 'ndị nne na nna ochie', Ebbo [bbo] (aha, error [rro] 'anyanwụ' - dịkwa n'ọnọdụ dị n'etiti na ụdaume na-enweghị olu, dịka na limaessa [limassa] 'six'.
Edensibia
deziena nkeji okwu nke abụọ, ọ gwụla ma nke ahụ nwere ụdaume /ə̆/, n'ọnọdụ ahụ, nrụgide dị na nkejiokwu ikpeazụ.
- ↑ Ngadʼa [sic] at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Eastern Ngadʼa [sic] at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - ↑ Introduction. Rongga Documentation Project. Archived from the original on 2006-08-24. Retrieved on 2006-12-19.
- ↑ Blust (2008). "Is There a Bima-Sumba Subgroup?". Oceanic Linguistics 47 (1): 45–113. DOI:10.1353/ol.0.0006.
- ↑ Djawanai (1983). Ngadha Text Tradition: The Collective Mind of the Ngadha People, Flores, Pacific Linguistics Series D – No. 55. Canberra: Australian National University.
Njikọ mpụga
dezie- Ngadha Basic Vocabulary Database, Mahadum nke Auckland