Asụsụ Ndu

Asụsụ Ndu bụ ezinụlọ a ma ama nke Asụsụ Sepik nke East Sepik Province na ugwu Papua New Guinea. Ndu bụ okwu maka 'nwoke' n'asụsụ ndị mejupụtara otu a. Kirschbaum chọpụtara asụsụ ndị a dị ka ezinụlọ yiri ya na 1922.

^[1] Asụsụ Arapesh, asụsụ Ndu so n'asụsụ kachasị mma edere na ọdọ mmiri Sepik, yana ụtọ asụsụ zuru oke maka ọtụtụ asụsụ.

Akụkụ ^[1] ọhụrụ n'asụsụ Ndu bụ dochie anya nnọchiaha proto-Sepik *wun 'M' na proto-Ndu *an ~ *na.

Asụsụ

Abelam bụ asụsụ kachasị ọtụtụ mmadụ, nke nwere ihe dị ka ndị na-asụ ya 45,000, ọ bụ ezie na Iatmül bụ nke ndị ọzọ maara nke ọma. E nwere asụsụ Ndu asatọ ruo iri na abụọ; Usher (2020) na-agụ itoolu: ^[2]

Mgbe ụfọdụ a na-ahụkarị bụ Keak (nke dị nso na Iatmul ma ọ bụ Sos Kundi), Kwasengen (ma ọ bụ Hanga Hundi, nke dị nso na Ambulas), Burui (nke dịpụrụ adịpụ na Gai Kundi), na Sengo.

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

Ọtụtụ Sepik na asụsụ ndị gbara ya gburugburu nwere usoro ụdaume atọ, /ɨ ə a/, nke dị iche naanị n'ịdị elu. Phonetic [[i e u o]] bụ nsonaazụ nke ọnụ na egbugbere ọnụ nke /ɨ ə/ na ụdaume ndị dị n'akụkụ. Asụsụ Ndu nwere ike iwere mbelata a gaa n'ihu: N'asụsụ ndị a, a na-eji /ɨ/ eme ihe dị ka ụdaume epenthetic iji kewaa ụyọkọ ụdaume na okwu ndị dị mgbagwoju anya. N'ime okwu, /ɨ/ na-apụta naanị n'etiti ụdaume yiri ya, o yikwara ka a ga-akọwa ya dị ka epenthesis n'ebe ahụ, nke mere na naanị ụdaume dị mkpa ka a chee na ọ bụ /ə/ and /a/. Nke ahụ bụ, asụsụ Ndu nwere ike ịbụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe nke usoro ụdaume abụọ, ndị ọzọ bụ asụsụ Arrernte na Northwest Caucasian. Otú dị, nyocha dị iche iche nke otu asụsụ ndị a nwere ike ịkọwa ụdaume iri na abụọ.

Ọdịdị

^[1] n na-egosi onye mbụ na onye nk abụọ nwere -n, na onye nke atọ nwere -k.

Nrụzigharị Proto-Ndu site na Foley (2005)

Edensibia

Northwest Caucasian. Otú dị, nyocha dị iche iche nke otu asụsụ ndị a nwere ike ịkọwa ụdaume iri na

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Foley (2018). "The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs", in Palmer: The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide, The World of Linguistics. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 197–432. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
↑ Ndu–Nggala, New Guinea World

William A. Foley (2005). "Languistic prehistory in the Sepik-Ramu basin. " Na: Andrew Pawley, Robert Attenborough, Robin Hide na Jack Golson, eds, Papuan past: omenala, asụsụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị na-asụ asụsụ Papuan. Asụsụ Pacific 572. 109-144. Canberra: Mahadum Mba Australia.
Donald C. Laycock (1965). Ezinụlọ asụsụ Ndu (Sepik District, New Guinea) . Asụsụ Pacific C-1. Canberra: Mahadum Mba Australia. doi:10.15144/PL-C1

Njikọ mpụga

Asụsụ Manambu nke East Sepik, Papua New Guinea

[Foley-Sepik-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Foley (2018). "The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs", in Palmer: The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide, The World of Linguistics. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 197–432. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.

[2] Ndu–Nggala, New Guinea World

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