Asụsụ Nande

Nande
Nande
Yira
Ndandi
Native to	Democratic Republic of the Congo
Region	Nord-Kivu province
Native speakers	(900,000 cited 1991)
Language family	Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Volta-Congo Benue–Congo Bantoid Southern Bantoid Bantu Northeast Bantu Great Lakes Bantu Rwenzori Nande; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	nnb
Glottolog	nand1264
Guthrie code	JD.42

Nande, nke a makwara dị ka (Oru) Ndandi na Yira, bụ asụsụ Bantu a na-asụ na Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Ndị Nande nke Congo na ndị Konjo nke Uganda bụ otu agbụrụ, nke ha na-akpọ Yira (Bayira). Ha chọpụtara mmalite ha na Ugwu Ruwenzori n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ. Asụsụ Nande na Konjo dị nso nke ukwuu iji were ya dị ka ire okwu dị iche iche. Nande nwere ọtụtụ olumba nke ya: Nande n'onwe ya, Kumbule, Mate, Tangi, Sanza, Shu, Songola (Songoora, Nyangala), Swaga / Kira (na Nande, a na-eji eki- ebido ha niile).

Maka ụdị asụsụ a maara dị ka Shu, a na-enye anyị ozi na asụsụ ọzọ, "EkiShukaali" bụ nke ụmụ nwanyị na-asụbu, ndị AvaShukaali.^[3] Nke a nwere ike ịbụ ihe a kapịrị ọnụ maka ụdị "okwu nzuzo" nke ụmụ agbọghọ, ọ bụghị ụmụ nwoke, hibere.

Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị Nande nke Congo nwere mmekọrịta patron-vassal na ndị Efé Pygmies.

Ọmụmụ nke ụdaolu

Mgbochiume

		Akụkụ abụọ	Ezé ezé	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Ọkụ
Plosive	enweghị olu	p	t̪	t		k
Plosive	Nwanyị na-agba agba	mb		nd		ŋɡ
Africate				t͡s
Ihe na-esiri ike	enweghị olu			s			h
	kwuru okwu	β				ɣ
	Nwanyị na-agba agba			nz
Ụgbọ imi		m		n	ɲ
Rhotic	trill			r
Rhotic	tap			ɾ
Ihe atụ				l	(j)	(w)

A na-anụ ụdaume ihu na ọnụ [j, w] naanị n'ihi ụdaume ihu /i, ɪ, ɛ/ ma ọ bụ ụdaume azụ /u, ʊ, ɔ/ na-esote ụdaume ndị ọzọ, ma ọ bụ n'ọnọdụ mmalite n'etiti ụdaume abụọ.
Enwere ike ịnụ ụda olu /p, t, k/ n'efu dị ka ụda [b, d, ɡ] n'etiti ndị ọkà okwu, ma ọ bụ ụda olu nwekwara ike ịpụta ihe na okwu ndị a gbazitere.

Ụdaume

	N'ihu	Central	Nlaghachi
N'akụkụ	i		u
Ihe dị nso	ɪ		ʊ
N'etiti etiti	ɛ ~ na		Ọ bụ n'ihi na
Mepee n'etiti	ɛ ~ na		Ọ bụ n'ihi na
Emeghe		a

Ụda /ɛ, ɔ/ nwekwara ike igosipụta dị ka ụdaume ndị ọzọ (nke dị nso) [e, o] n'ime ogwe nwere ụdaume oge (dị ka /i, u/), ma ọ bụ n'ime mkpụrụ okwu n'ụdị ọtụtụ.^[4]

Edensibia

↑ Nande at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
↑ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
↑ Margaret Arminel Bryan, compiler, The Bantu Languages of Africa, Oxford University Press 1959 ,page 96.
↑ Valinande (1984). The Structure of Kinande. Georgetown University.

Njikọ mpụgara

Kinande: A Grammar Sketch (Version 1.0)

[e18-1] Nande at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[Guthrie-2] Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online

[3] Margaret Arminel Bryan, compiler, The Bantu Languages of Africa, Oxford University Press 1959 ,page 96.

[4] Valinande (1984). The Structure of Kinande. Georgetown University.

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