Asụsụ Mono (California)

Nnụnụ
Nnụnụ
A mụrụ ya	United States
Ógbè	California
Agbụrụ	Mono na Owens Valley Paiute
Ndị na-asụ asụsụ ala	(37 e depụtara na 1994)
Ezinụlọ asụsụ	Uto-Aztecan Numic Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Nnụnụ; ; ;
Koodu asụsụ
ISO 639-3	mnr
Glottolog	mono1275
ELP	Mono (United States)
	A na-ahazi Mono dị ka nke nọ n'ihe ize ndụ site na UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in DangerAtlas nke Asụsụ Ụwa Na-anọ n'Ihe Iche Ndụ

/'mOʊnOʊ/ (/ˈmoʊnoʊ/ MOH-noh) bụ asụsụ Ụmụ amaala America nke otu Numic nke Asụsụ Uto-Aztecan, asụsụ nna nna nke Ndị Mono. Mono nwere olumba abụọ, Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ. ^[2] na-ejikarị aha "Monachi" eme ihe na Western Mono na "Owens Valley Paiute" na-ezo aka na Eastern Mono. N'afọ 1925, Alfred Kroeber mere atụmatụ na Mono nwere ndị ọkà okwu 3,000 ruo 4,000. ^[1]As of 1994^[update], naanị ndị agadi 37 na-asụ Mono dị ka asụsụ mbụ ha. ^[3]UNESCO kewara ya dị ka ihe na-eyi egwu. A na-asụ ya na ndịda Sierra Nevada, Mono Basin, na Owens Valley nke etiti ọwụwa anyanwụ California. Mono nwere njikọ chiri anya ^[4] Northern Paiute; a na-ahazi ha abụọ dị ka ìgwè ọdịda anyanwụ nke alaka Numic nke Ezinụlọ asụsụ Uto-Aztecan. ^[2] [2]

Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ

Akụkọ na Mono nke UCLA Phonetics Lab dere na 1984

Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ ala na 1994 sitere na 37 ruo 41. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-ekwu okwu sitere na Northfork Rancheria na obodo Auberry. Big Sandy Rancheria na Dunlap nwere site na 12 ruo 14 ọkà okwu. ^[1] Northfork Mono na-emepụta akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu, ha na Big Sandy Rancheria na-enye klas asụsụ. ^[5] bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ha niile na-asụ nke ọma, ihe dị ka ndị otu 100 nke Northfork nwere "ụfọdụ iwu nke asụsụ ahụ". [1] Na ngwụcha afọ 1950, Nwa atụrụ chịkọtara akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu na ụtọ asụsụ nke Northforki Mono. ^[6] ^[7]^[8]^[9] Western Mono nwere ọtụtụ okwu ndị a gbazitere na Spanish nke sitere n'oge ndị Spain na-achị California, [1] yana okwu ndị a gzitere na Yokuts na Miwok. [2] [3]

Owens Valley Paiute

^[1]'etiti afọ ndị 1990, a na-eme atụmatụ na mmadụ iri ise na-asụ asụsụ Owens Valley Paiute, nke a makwaara dị ka Eastern Mono. Kl^[6] asụsụ ndị a na-ejighị n'aka dị ma ndị na-agụ egwú na-eme ka abụ asụsụ ala dị ndụ. Onye ọkà mmụt^[10] asụsụ Sydney Lamb mụrụ asụsụ a n'afọ ndị 1950 wee tụọ aro aha Paviotso, mana nke ahụ abụghị nke a nabatara n'ọtụtụ ebe. ^[11]

Phonemes

Mkpụrụedemede

	n'ihu	etiti	azụ
Elu	i	Ọdịdị[lower-alpha 1]	u
Ndị Na-adịghị Elu	na	a	o

.

Mkpụrụ okwu

N'okpuru ebe a ka e nyere ndepụta ụdaume nke Northfork Western Mono na Owens Valley Paiute dị ka Lamb (1958) na Liljeblad & Fowler (1986) gosipụtara.

Ndị [12]-asụ ya na Western Mono [1]
	Bilabial	Coronal	Palatal	Velar		Uvular		Mkpịsị aka
	Bilabial	Coronal	Palatal	ala dị larịị	ụlọ nyocha	ala dị larịị	ụlọ nyocha	Mkpịsị aka
Ụgbọ imi	m	n
Plosive	p	t		k	kw	q[lower-alpha 1]	qw	ʔ
Africate		ts
Ihe na-esiri ike		s		x				h
Ọkara ụdaolu			j		w

Ndị [13]-asụ asụsụ Eastern Mono [1]
	Bilabial	Coronal	Palatal	Velar		Mkpịsị aka
	Bilabial	Coronal	Palatal	ala dị larịị	ụlọ nyocha	Mkpịsị aka
Ụgbọ imi	m	n		ŋ	ŋw
Plosive	p	t		k	kw	ʔ
Africate		ts	tʃ
Ihe na-esiri ike		s				h
Ọkara ụdaolu			j		w

A na-ekesa ụda nke plosives, nasals na fricatives n'otu ụzọ.

Suprasegmental

Nwa atụrụ (1958) kọwakwara ihe anọ dị n'elu akụkụ nke o nyere ọnọdụ fonem.

Ọdịdị

Mono bụ asụsụ aglutinative, nke okwu na-eji mgbagwoju anya maka ebumnuche dịgasị iche iche na ọtụtụ morphemes jikọtara ọnụ.

Hụkwa

Akụkọ ọdịnala mono

Edensibia

Northfork Western Mono na Owens Valley Paiute dị ka Lamb (1958) na Liljeblad & Fowler (1986) gosipụtara. Mono nwere ọtụtụ okwu ndị a gbazitere na Spanish nke sitere n'oge ndị Spain na-achị C

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Hinton, 30
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 "Mono." Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley. 2009-2010 (retrieved 6 May 2010)
↑ UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger.
↑ Sheldon Klein. 1959. Comparative Mono-Kawaiisu. International Journal of American Linguistics. Vol. 25, No. 4 (Oct., 1959), pp. 233-238
↑ Miller 101
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Hinton, 31
↑ Loether, Christopher. 1993. "Nɨ-ɨ-mɨna Ahubiya: Western Mono Song Genres". Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology Vol. 15, No. 1 (1993), pp. 48-57
↑ Loether, Christopher. 1998. "Yokuts and Miwok Loan Words in Western Mono" in The Life of Language: Papers in Linguistics in Honor of William Bright. Jane H. Hill, P. J. Mistry, Lyle Campbell (eds). Walter de Gruyter, 1998
↑ Paul V. Kroskrity and Gregory A. Reinhardt. 1985. On Spanish Loans in Western Mono International Journal of American Linguistics Vol. 51, No. 2 (Apr., 1985), pp. 231-237
↑ Miller, 98
↑ The Handbook of Indians of California, by A. L. Kroeber (1919) says that the Owens Valley Paiutes Are Northern Paiute or Mono/Bannock.

[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Flutes of Fire: Essays on California Indian Languages. Berkeley: Heyday Books, 1994. ISBN 0-930588-62-2.
Miller, Wick R. "Numic Languages." Handbook of North American Indians: Great Basin, Mpịakọta 11. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1986. ISBN 978-0-16-004581-3.
Liljeblad (1986). "Owens Valley Paiute", in W. L. d'Azevedo: Great Basin. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 412-434.
Lamb (1958). A Grammar of Mono. Retrieved on July 8, 2012.

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

Bethel (1993). A Dictionary of Western Mono. Los Angeles : American Indian Studies Center, University of California..
Lamb. Monachi dictionary. Ms., Survey of California and Other Indian Languages. Retrieved on July 9, 2012.
Norris (1986). A Grammar Sketch and Comparative Study of Eastern Mono.

Nweghachi asụsụ

Onishi. "With Casino Revenues, Tribes Push to Preserve Languages, and Cultures", The New York Times, 17 June 2012, p. 14.
Charles McCarthy. "Learning an almost lost language; The few Mono Indians remaining who speak their tongue are passing it down to children to preserve culture.", The Fresno Bee, 2007-10-14. Retrieved on 2012-07-09.
James May. "Defying the Silence, Part 2: A Race Against Time", Indian Country Today, 2003-07-11. Retrieved on 2012-07-09.

Templeeti:Uto-Aztecan languages Templeeti:Populations of Native California Groups

[h30-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Hinton, 30

[cali-2] 2.0 ^2.1 "Mono." Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley. 2009-2010 (retrieved 6 May 2010)

[3] UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger.

[4] Sheldon Klein. 1959. Comparative Mono-Kawaiisu. International Journal of American Linguistics. Vol. 25, No. 4 (Oct., 1959), pp. 233-238

[5] Miller 101

[h31-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Hinton, 31

[7] Loether, Christopher. 1993. "Nɨ-ɨ-mɨna Ahubiya: Western Mono Song Genres". Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology Vol. 15, No. 1 (1993), pp. 48-57

[8] Loether, Christopher. 1998. "Yokuts and Miwok Loan Words in Western Mono" in The Life of Language: Papers in Linguistics in Honor of William Bright. Jane H. Hill, P. J. Mistry, Lyle Campbell (eds). Walter de Gruyter, 1998

[9] Paul V. Kroskrity and Gregory A. Reinhardt. 1985. On Spanish Loans in Western Mono International Journal of American Linguistics Vol. 51, No. 2 (Apr., 1985), pp. 231-237

[10] Miller, 98

[11] The Handbook of Indians of California, by A. L. Kroeber (1919) says that the Owens Valley Paiutes Are Northern Paiute or Mono/Bannock.

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