Asụsụ Mangbetu
Mangbetu, ma ọ bụ Nemangbetu, bụ otu n'ime asụsụ ndị kacha nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ n'asụsụ Central Sudan. Ndị Mangbetu nke ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Congo na-asụ ya. A makwara ya, ma ọ bụ ndị na-asụ ya, dị ka Amangbetu, Kingbetu, Mambetto. Asụsụ kachasị ọtụtụ mmadụ, na nke a kacha ghọta, a na-akpọ Medje. Ndị ọzọ bụ Aberu (Nabulu), Makere, Malele, Popoi (Mapopoi). Nke kachasị dị iche bụ Lombi; Ethnologue na-emeso ya dị ka asụsụ dị iche. Ihe dị ka ọkara nke ndị bi na ya na-asụ Bangala, asụsụ azụmahịa yiri Lingala, na mpaghara ndịda ụfọdụ na-asụrụ Swahili.
| Mangbetu | |
|---|---|
| Nemangbetu | |
| Region | Congo (DRC) |
| Ethnicity | Mangbetu people |
Native speakers
|
(660,000 cited 1985–1993)[1] |
Nilo-Saharan?
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:mdj – Mangbetulmi – Lombi
|
| Glottolog | mang1394 Mangbetulomb1254 Lombi
|
Ndị Mangbetu na ndị Asua Pygmies bi na njikọ aka, asụsụ ha nwekwara njikọ doro anya.
Olumba
dezieOlumba Mangbetu na ebe dị ka Demolin depụtara (1992):[2]
- A na-asụ Mangbetu n'ụzọ ziri ezi n'ebe ugwu Isiro, na mpaghara Haut-Uele na n'ebe ndịda Osimiri Bomokandi. A na-ahụta ya na Nangazizi na Rungu na mpaghara Azanga, Ganga na mpaghara Okondo, Tapili na mpaghara Mangbetu, Medanoma na mpaghara Mangbele, na mpaghara Ndei n'ebe ugwu Isiro, na mpaghara Mboli dị nso na Goa.
- A na-asụ Medje n'ebe ndịda Isiro, gburugburu Medje na Mongomassi na Medje collectivités, nakwa na agbụrụ Mangbetu collectivités nke Azanga na Ndei.
- A na-asụ Makere gburugburu Zobia na mpaghara Bas-Uele.
- A na-asụ Malele na Poko Territory - n'ógbè Balele, Niapu, na Kisanga.[3]
- A na-asụ Mapopoi na Panga na Osimiri Aruwimi.
- A na-asụ Nabulu na Bafwasamoa, 15 kilomita n'ebe ugwu Nia-Nia.
- A na-asụ Lombi na Bafwasende Territory - na Barumbi gburugburu Osimiri Opienge, na Maiko National Park.[3]
Ọmụmụ ụda
dezieỤdaume
dezie| +ATR | -ATR | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N'ihu | Central | Nlaghachi | N'ihu | Central | Nlaghachi | |
| N'akụkụ | i | u | ɪ | ʊ | ||
| N'etiti | na | o | Ọ bụ | Ọ bụ n'afọ | ||
| Emeghe | a | a | ||||
Mgbochiume
dezie| Ọnụ | Alveolar | Retroflex | Postalv./Obodo |
Velar | Akpụkpọ ahụ<br id="mwhQ"><br><br><br> | Ọkụ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ụgbọ imi | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||
| Kwụsị/Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | Akwụkwọ bụ́ Shia | t͡ʃ | k | k͡p | ʔ |
| voiced | b | d | ɖr | d͡ʒ | g | ɡ͡b | ||
| prenasalized | mb | nd | ɳɖr | ŋɡ | ŋmɡ͡b | |||
| implosive | ɓ | ka | Ọdịdị | |||||
| Ihe na-esiri ike | voiceless | f | s | h | ||||
| voiced | v | z | ||||||
| prenasalized | Ọ bụ ya ka ọ dị | nz | ||||||
| Ihe na-atọ ụtọ | voiceless | Ọdịdị | ||||||
| voiced | Ọdịdị | |||||||
| prenasalized | na-adị | |||||||
| Tap | Ọdịdị | |||||||
| Ihe atụ | l | j | w | |||||
A na-akpọ mgbochiume retroflex dị ka [[[ɖr], [ɳɖr].[4]
Njirimara ọzọ
dezieOtu ihe pụrụ iche nke Mangbetu bụ na ọ nwere ma ụdaolu na ụdaolu na-enweghị ụda olu yana flap egbugbere ọnụ.[5][6]
- [nóʙ̥ù] "ị wepụta"
- [nóʙù] "iku"
- [nómʙù] "imechi"
- [nóⱱò] "inyu nsị"
- [nóʙò] "ibu ibu"
A naghị ejikọta ụdaume azụ ma ọ bụ nke eji imi na-eme ka ha nwee ọganihu n'asụsụ ụfọdụ nke America.[7]
- [éʙ̥ì] "ịwụ dịka agụ"
- [nɛʙàʙá] "dịka inwe ụkpụrụ"
Edensibia
dezie- ↑ Mangbetu at Ethnologue (13th ed., 1996).
Lombi at Ethnologue (13th ed., 1996). - ↑ Demolin, Didier. 1992. Le Mangbetu: etude phonétique et phonologique, 2 vols. Brussels: Faculté de Philosophie et Lettres, Université libre de Bruxelles dissertation.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bokula, Moiso & Agozia-Kario Irumu. 1994. Bibliographie et matériaux lexicaux des langues Moru-Mangbetu (Soudan-Central, Zaïre). Annales Aequatoria 10: 203‒245.
- ↑ Demolin (1991). L'analyse des segments, de la syllabe et des tons dans un jeu de langage mangbetu, 30-50.
- ↑ Linguist Wins Symbolic Victory for 'Labiodental Flap'. NPR (2005-12-17). Retrieved on 2010-12-08.
- ↑ LINGUIST List 8.45: Bilabial trill. Linguistlist.org. Retrieved on 2010-12-08.
- ↑ Olson & Koogibho (2013) "Labial vibrants in Mangbetu"