Asụsụ Lese
Lese bụ Asụsụ Central Sudan nke ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Democratic Republic of the Congo, yana aha maka ndị na-asụ asụsụ a. Ndị Lese, na-ibi na njikọ aka na ndị Efé Pygmies ma na-ekerịta asụsụ ha, nke a na-akpọ Lissi ma ọ bụ Efe mgbe ụfọdụ.
Ọ bụ ezie na a na-enye Efe koodu ISO dị iche, Bahuchet (2006) na-ekwu na ọ bụghị ọbụna ire okwu dị iche, ọ bụ ezie na enwere ọdịiche dị iche iche n'asụsụ Lese (Dese, Karo). [1]
[2] na-asụ Lese na Mambasa Territory, Watsa Territory, na Irumu Territory.
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
dezieMkpụrụ okwu
dezie| Akpụkpọ ahụ | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Akpụkpọ ụkwụ<br id="mwLA"> | Ọnụ na úkwù<br id="mwLw"> | Mkpịsị aka | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | enweghị olu | p | t | Ọdịdị | k | k͡p | q͡ɓ | ʔ | |
| kwuru okwu | b | d | ɡọ | ɡ͡b | |||||
| implosive | ɓ | ka | Ihe a na-akpọ "Thek" | ||||||
| Ihe na-esiri ike | enweghị olu | f | s | h | |||||
| kwuru okwu | v | ||||||||
| Africate | enweghị olu | p͡f | t͡ʃ | ||||||
| kwuru okwu | b͡v | d͡ʒ | |||||||
| Ụgbọ imi | m | n | |||||||
| N'akụkụ | l | ||||||||
| Rhotic | r | ||||||||
| Ihe atụ | j | w | |||||||
- [q͡p] is an allophone of [q͡ɓ].[3] In the Demolin 1999, the meaning of /q͡ɓ/ is unclear, but /q͡ɓ/ seems to be a voiceless labial–uvular stop with significant lowering and a strong release. More research is needed to determine the true nature of this sound.[4]
- /r/ can also be heard as a tap sound Templeeti:IPAblink.[5]
Mkpụrụedemede
dezie| N'ihu | Central | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N'akụkụ | i | u | |
| Ihe dị nso | ɪ | Ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ka a na-akpọ | |
| N'etiti etiti | na | o | |
| N'etiti oghere | Ọ bụ | Ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-eme ya | |
| Emeghe | a |
- [6][ee]'ọnọdụ ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe, /ɛ/ nwere ike ịnụ na mmegide fonological dị ka [œ] gbara gburugburu.
Edensibia
deziena-ekwu na ọ bụghị ọbụna ire okwu dị iche, ọ bụ ezie na enwere ọdịiche dị iche iche n'asụsụ
- ↑ Bahuchet (2006). "Languages of the African Rainforest 'Pygmy' Hunter-Gatherers: Language Shifts without Cultural Admixture", Historical linguistics and hunter-gatherers populations in global perspective. Templeeti:HAL.
- ↑ Bokula (1994). "Bibliographie et matériaux lexicaux des langues Moru-Mangbetu (Soudan-Central, Zaïre)". Annales Aequatoria 10: 203‒245.
- ↑ Demolin (September 1997). "Phonetic characteristics of double articulations in some Mangbutu-Efe languages". International Speech Communication Association: 803–806.
- ↑ Güldemann (2018-09-10). in Güldemann: The Languages and Linguistics of Africa, The World of Linguistics (in en). Walter de Gruyter. DOI:10.1515/9783110421668. ISBN 978-3-11-042175-0.
- ↑ Smith (1938). A Tentative Grammar of the Efe or Mbuti language. Methodist Missionary Society in Africa & Bible Society.
- ↑ Vorbichler (1965). Die Phonologie und Morphologie des Balese (Ituri-Urwald, Kongo). Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin. OCLC 4813740.
Templeeti:Pygmy languagesTempleeti:Languages of the Democratic Republic of the CongoTempleeti:Central Sudanic languages