Asụsụ Koman
language family
obere ụdị nkeAsụsụ Naịl na Sahara Dezie

Asụsụ Koman bụ obere ezinụlọ asụsụ ndị dị n'ókè Ethiopia na Sudan nwere ihe dị ka ndị na-asụ ya 50,000. A na-ahazi ha dị ka akụkụ nke ezinụlọ Nilo-Sahara. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi ụkọ ihe akaebe, ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-emeso ya dị ka ezinụlọ asụsụ kwụụrụ onwe ya. N'etiti ndị ọkà mmụta na-anabata itinye ya n'ime Nilo-Sahara, echiche dịgasị iche iche banyere ọnọdụ ha n'ime ya.

Asụsụ Koman dị na Etiopia na asụsụ Omotic Mao nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya. [1]'Etiopia, ụfọdụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ Koman na-ewere onwe ha dị ka ndị agbụrụ Mao.

Nchịkọta n'ime

dezie

Asụsụ Koman bụ:

  • Koman
    • Uduk, or T’wampa, (formerly in South Sudan)—about 20,000 speakers, most at a large refugee camp at Bonga, near Gambela
    • Kwama (Ethiopia)—about 15,000 speakers, mainly in Benishangul-Gumuz
    • Komo (Sudan)—about 12,000 speakers mainly in An Nil al Azraq
    • Opuuo (Opo), or Shita (Ethiopia)—spoken in 5 villages north of the Nuer by about 5,000 people
    • Dana, a newly discovered language located near Opo
    • ?Gule (Sudan)—extinct

Asụsụ Shabo a na-amaghị nke ọma (ndị na-asụ ya 600) na-egosi mmetụta Koman siri ike, a tụwokwa aro (na obere ihe akaebe) na ọ nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ Koman. A na-ahazi Gule dị ka Koman, mana ihe akaebe ezughi oke.

Otero (2019)

dezie

Nchịkọta nke Koman nke Otero (2019: 28) [2]  

Nchịkọta mpụga

dezie

Dimmendaal (2008) na-ekwu na ihe akaebe na-arịwanye elu nke ụtọ asụsụ emeela ka atụmatụ Nilo-Sahara dị ka ihe zuru oke ebe ọ bụ na Greenberg tụrụ aro ya na 1963 mana ihe akaebe dị otú ahụ abịaghị maka Songhay, Gumuz, na Koman ma ọ bụ asụsụ dị ugbu a: "Ọ bụ ihe akaebe ole na ole n'ime aha na okwu ọdịdị ọdịdị ọdịnala nke Nilo-Damọs na Gumuz ...

Ihe owuwu

dezie

[2]Lionel Bender (1983) [3] na Otero (2019) wughachila Proto-Koman.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ

dezie

Ntụnyere nke ọnụọgụ n'asụsụ ọ bụla: [4]

Language 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Komo (1) ɗɛ́ dìʃ dɔɡɔ̀n bùsʼ káná ɡɪ ɗɛ́ (? + 1) káná á sʊ (? + 2) káná á dìʃ (? + 3) káná á dɔɡɔ̀n (? + 4) kʼɔ́ʃ kʼɔ̀lɔ̀
Komo (2) ɗe(d) / ɗɛʔ (SIL) suʔin / sʊʔ (SIL) dícin / dǐʃǐn (SIL) dōɡɔne(n) / dɔ̄ɣɔ́n (SIL) busín / bʊ̀sʼín (SIL) kɛnɡɪɗe / kàːnaɡǐɗɛ́ (SIL) kɛnnɛsɔ / kàːnàsʊʔ (SIL) kɛnnɛdiʃ / kàːnàdɪʃ (SIL) kɛnnɛdɔɡɔn / káːndɔ̀ɡɔ̀n (SIL) kɔʃinkwolo / kʼɔ́ʃkʼɔ̀lɔ̀ (SIL)
Gwama (Kwama) (1) sóndò /sɛ́ːnɛ́ /sɛ́ːsʼkìn sùjá twásɛ̀n béːsʼìn kúːmùtʼ kúbà-sèːn ('takes/lends/brings one') kúbá-sùjá ('takes/lends/brings two') kúbà-twásɛ̄n ('takes/lends/br. three') kúb-béːsʼín ('takes/lends/brings four') kʼúːzí (lit: 'fingers')
Gwama (Kwama) (2) sɛ́ɛ́kʼín swíjá twàsɛ́n béésʼín kómòtʼ kúpà-sɛ́n (litː ? + 1) kúpà-swíjá (litː ? + 2) kúpà-twàsɛ̄n (litː ? + 3) kúpà-béésʼín (litː ? + 4) kʼoosʼi
Kwama (Asosa) (3) seːko ~ se:ndo / ʔāˈsɛ́n~ ʔāsɛ́l (SIL) siːya / ˈsíjá (SIL) twazan ~ twasan / ˈtʷāsán (SIL) mbisiːna ~ beːsen / bēːsīn (SIL) kʷʊmbut ~ kombɔt / ˈkʰūːmùt (SIL) kʊmpasɛnde / ˈkōbāsín (SIL) kʊmpa-siːya / kōbə̄ˈsìa (SIL) kʊmpa-twasən / kōbə̄ˈtʷàsɪn (SIL) kʊmpa-n-beːsina / kōˈbeːéːsīn (SIL) kʊʃʊmbiːt ~kwuːzia / ˈkūːzi (SIL)
Opuuo (Tʼapo) (3) ɗɛ̄n~dɛ̄ (contraction) sʊ̄kʼá tùsù ʍàn mùtá-kʼʊ̄j (litː 'be.full-hand') kān-ɪ́-ɗɛ̄, contraction, (lit: five-ASC-one / five-ASC-one) kān-ɪ́-sʊ̄kʼá (litː' five-ASC-two') kān-ɪ́-tùsù (litː' five-ASC-three') kān-ɪ́-ʍàn (litː' five-ASC-four') kʼʊ̄j-ā-sʊ̄kʼ-ɛ́n (litː 'hand-LOC-two- 3N.POSS')
Opuuo (Shita) (4) ɗán / ɗíán sùkʼá tùsú hwán mùtá-kʼʷèj (litː 'one hand') kánè-ɗéé kánè-sùkʼá kánè-tùsú kánè-hʷán mútá-kʼʷùjá-sùkʼén ('two hands')
Opuuo (Shita) (5) diʃeɗe ʃuka / cuka tuʃu / tusu hwan / ŋwan mutaːkwei (one hand) ? kane-ɗe kane-ʃuka kane-tūʃū kane-hwān muta-kweya-ʃuka-yen (two hands) ?
Uduk (Twampa) (1) ɗéʔ súʔ kʷārā dòŋ(ɡ)òn múd̻èɗ (lit: 'hand closed') múd̻èɗ pé ɗéʔ (5+ 1) múd̻èɗ pé súʔ (5+ 2) múd̻èɗ pé(ŋ) kʷārā (5+ 3) múd̻èɗ pé dòŋ(ɡ)òn (5+ 4) ʼkúmèɗ
Uduk (2) ɗe suʔ kwara doŋon mudheɗ (lit: hand closed) (mudheɗ) peɗe (5+ 1) (mudheɗ) pesuʔ (5+ 2) (mudheɗ) pekwara (5+ 3) (mudheɗ) pedoŋon (5+ 4) kumeɗ

Hụkwa

dezie
  • Ndepụta nke Proto-Koman reconstructions (Wiktionary)

Edensibia

dezie

Greenberg tụrụ aro ya na 1963 mana ihe akaebe dị otú ahụ abịaghị maka Songhay, Gumuz, na Koman ma ọ bụ asụsụ dị ugbu a: "Ọ bụ ihe aka

  1. Küspert (2015). "The Mao and Komo Languages in the Begi–Tongo area in Western Ethiopia: Classification, Designations, Distribution" 13 (1). DOI:10.1349/PS1.1537-0852.A.447. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 Otero, Manuel Alejandro. 2019. A Historical Reconstruction of the Koman Language Family. Doctoral thesis. Department of Linguistics, University of Oregon.
  3. Bender, Lionel. 1983. "Proto-Koman Phonology and Lexicon." Afrika und Übersee 66: 259–298.
  4. Chan (2019). The Nilo-Saharan Language Phylum. Numeral Systems of the World's Languages.

 Templeeti:Koman languagesTempleeti:Nilo-Saharan families