Asụsụ Kiwai

Asụsụ Kiwai

asụsụ

obere ụdị nke	Kiwaian

Kiwai bụ Asụsụ Papua, ma ọ bụ asụsụ, nke ndịda Papua New Guinea. Asụsụ 1,300 Kope, 700 Gibaio, 1,700 Urama, 700 Arigibi (n'ozuzu "Northeast Kiwai"), 3,800 Coast, 1,000 Daru, 4,500 Island, 400 Doumori (n'ogologo "Southern Kiwai"). Wurm na Hattori (1981) kewara Arigibi dị ka asụsụ dị iche.

Mmalite

Agwaetiti Kiwai bụ agwaetiti dị ogologo / ala nke dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ọnụ ụzọ mbata ndịda nke Delta nke Osimiri Fly (Papua).

Mmekọahụ

Kiwai enweghị okike; a na-egosi nwoke na nwanyị site na okwu ụfọdụ mgbe ọ dị mkpa.

Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ

• 17 Akwụkwọ ozi
  • ụdaume: a, e, i, o, u (diphthongs bụ njikọta nke ụdaume abụọ ọ bụla, dịka ai, au, oi, ou, ei, wdg)
  • Mkpụrụ okwu: k, g, t, s, d, n, r, p, b, m, v, h
  • Ọkara ụdaume: w/u, i/y /j/

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

Mkpụrụ okwu

		Akpụkpọ ahụ	Alveolar	Velar	Mkpịsị aka
Ụgbọ imi		m	n
Plosive	enweghị olu	p	t	k	ʔ
	kwuru okwu	b	d	ɡọ
Ihe na-esiri ike		(v)	s		h
Rhotic			ɾ
Ihe atụ		w	(l)

/m/ nwere ike ịnwe allophones nke [v, β] mgbe ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ intervocalic.

[l] nwere ike ịnụ ya na /ɾ/ n'asụsụ ụfọdụ.

Mkpụrụedemede

	N'ihu	Central	Ịlaghachi azụ
Elu	i		u
N'etiti	naỌ bụ n'oge gara aga		o
Ala Dị Ala		a

1. Aha, Adjectives, Pronouns (Onye na Ndị Mmekọrịta), Okwu ajụjụ, Adjective, Numerals

A na-ajụ aha maka ikpe (gụnyere ergative).

Ngwaa

Akụkụ

1. Akụkụ ajụjụ, Akụkụ Adverbs, Postpositions, Interjections, Particle Conjunctions

Aha

Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ aha na Kiwai bụ mono-morphemic, ọtụtụ na-esite na ya ma ọ bụ ngwakọta, dị ka aha okwu, adjectives nominalised, attribute-category compounds, na ihe ndị ọzọ. Reduplication dịkwa, na-emekarị ka isi ihe, mmetụta nkesa, na ihe ndị ọzọ.

Ntinye bụ site na prefixing na / ma ọ bụ suffixing. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-emepụta aha okwu site na itinye k- na ngwaa okwu-isi.

Adjectives

Dị ka asụsụ ndị ọzọ niile dị na mpaghara Torres Strait nakwa na Torres Strait Creole, adjectives na-ebute aha. Adjectives dị iche iche sitere na ya dị, dị ka Adjectives Verbal, Proprietive, Negative, Similative, na Assertative.

Enwere ike ịmepụta ajụjụ site na iji Prefix Interrogative.

Aha nnọchiaha

Ndị nnọchiaha onwe onye na-egosi onye na ọnụ ọgụgụ (otu, abụọ, ọtụtụ, ikpe), anaghị egosi okike, a na-ajụkwa ya maka ikpe, gụnyere ergative na genitive. Onye nke mbụ na-abụghị otu, n'adịghị ka asụsụ ndị ọzọ dị n'ógbè ahụ, anaghị eme ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti ndị na-agụnye na ndị pụrụ iche.

Ngwaa

Ngwaa dị mgbagwoju anya, nke nwere "okwu-isi okwu" na prefixes na suffixes dị iche iche, akara maka oge, akụkụ, ọnọdụ na cross-marking maka isiokwu na ihe. Okwu-Okwu na-amalite ma na-ejedebe na ụdaume ma ọ bụ diphthong. Ọ bụ ụdị ngwaa kachasị mfe nke a na-eji n'ụdị okwu.

Nchịkọta okwu

Nchịkọta okwu bụ nhazi nke okwu iji mepụta ahịrịokwu a haziri nke ọma. Maka asụsụ Kiwai, e nwere iwu ndị bụ isi maka ọnọdụ okwu.

1. Isiokwu ahụ bu ngwaa / predicate ụzọ
2. D.O (ihe kpọmkwem) na-esote ngwaa, nke na-esochi isiokwu ahụ.
3. Okwu nke na-agbanwe isiokwu / ihe bu ụzọ
4. Nọmba na-esote aha
5. Mgbe ụfọdụ, mgbatị nke predicate na-ebute ngwaa
6. Ọ bụrụ na oge dị, ihe ngosi nke oge ga-apụta na mbido ahịrịokwu
7. Okwu ndị na-adịghị agwụ agwụ ga-apụta na njedebe nke ahịrịokwu
8. Akụkụ ga-ebute ngwaa

Ọnụ ọgụgụ

• • Enwere ike igosi nọmba site na nsonaazụ okwu
  • Ọtụtụ aha anaghị egosi maka ọnụ ọgụgụ (aha ole na ole nwere ụdị dị iche iche)

Asụsụ

E nwere asụsụ isii dị mkpa nke asụsụ a.

1. Mawata-Daru-Tureture Kiwai
2. Ndịda Kiwai
   1. site na Parema n'ebe ugwu na agwaetiti ndị gbara ya gburugburu, gụnyere Kiwai Island.
   2. A nabatara ya dị ka asụsụ ọkọlọtọ maka ebumnuche ozi ala ọzọ na Delta (site na London Missionary Society)
3. Domori
   1. agwaetiti dị na Fly Delta n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Kiwai
4. Wabuda
   1. agwaetiti dị n'etiti ọnụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Fly na Bamu Delta
5. Sisiami
   1. Obodo nta dị na alaka Dibiri nke Bamu Delta
6. Goaribari
   1. Ọnụ nke Bamu Delta

Ọ bụ ezie na olumba Kiwai dị iche n'ihe gbasara okwu, ịkpọpụta na ụtọ asụsụ, ọdịiche dị obere.

Okwu - Kiwai na Bekee

E. Baxter Riley, chịkọtara okwu ndị a ga-agbakwunye na okwu Kiwai-English. S.H.R. agbanweela ma gbakwunye ọtụtụ ederede na nsụgharị.

Ụdị Okwu: A ga-etinye ngwaa n'okpuru ụdị dị mfe nke isi okwu, n'okpuru ụdaume ise (a,e,i,o,u). A na-esochi compounds ozugbo. Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị ahụ ga-adị naanị n'okpuru prefixes ụfọdụ. Okwu mmalite ndị a bụ: ar, em, emar, emow, er, erem, im, imar, imow, ir, irim, iriw, irow, iw, iwar, ma ọ bụ, oror, ow, owar, na owor. A ga-achọta isi okwu site n'ileghara mkpụrụedemede / nkeji okwu ndị na-esonụ anya n'okwu.

Ọdịdị

N'okpuru ebe a bụ ụfọdụ mmeghachi omume nke proto-Trans-New Guinea nke Pawley chepụtara (2012). Asụsụ nyere bụ Island Kiwai, ọ gwụla ma egosiri ya.

Vidio

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_XeP9DxsKU
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iB3Co9ggY10
  • Ihe nkiri awa abụọ: "The Jesus Film"

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

Urama

• Brown (2016). A Short Grammar of Urama (in en). Canberra: Asia-Pacific Linguistics. ISBN 9781922185228. 
• Brown (2016). "Belief, Evidence, and Interactional Meaning in Urama" (in en). Oceanic Linguistics 55 (2): 432–448. DOI:10.1353/ol.2016.0020. 
• Brown (2021). "A Phonetic Sketch of Urama", in Lindsey: Phonetic Fieldwork in Southern New Guinea, Language Documentation & Conservation Special Publication No. 24 (in en). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 120–129. ISBN 978-0-9979673-2-6. 

Mahadum La Trobe

• Sidney Ray, A Grammar of the Kiwai Language, Fly Delta, Papua, na Kiwai Vocabulary ( Missionary Society: Edward George Baker, 1931)

Njikọ mpụga

• Ọtụtụ nchịkọta na Paradisec gụnyere ihe ndị dị na Southern Kiwai

Edensibia

abụkarị ndị bi n'ime ime obodo ma na-anọpụ iche, ha na-agbanwekarị koodu na Algeria Arabic, French ma ọ bụ ọbụna Bekee iji kwurịta teknụzụ na-abụghị omenala na nchegbu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.