Wikipedia

Asụsụ Dinka

Asụsụ Dinka
asụsụ, macrolanguage, modern language
obere ụdị nkeDinka–Nuer, Nilotic Dezie
akara alaThuɔŋjäŋ, Jieng Dezie
mba/obodoSouth Sudan Dezie
ụmụ amaala kaEast Africa Dezie
usoro ederedeLatin script Dezie
Koodu asụsụ Wikimediadin Dezie
ngalaba maka ihe nkiri n'asụsụ aCategory:Dinka-language films Dezie

Dinka (nke bụ́ Thuɔŋjäŋ, Thoŋ ë Jieng ma ọ bụ nanị Jieng) bụ ụyọkọ olumba Nilotic nke ndị Dinka na-asụ, bụ́ agbụrụ bụ́ isi nke South Sudan. Enwere ụdị isi dị iche iche, dị ka Padang, Rek, Agaar, Ciec, Apaak, Aliep, Bor, Hol, Nyarweng, Twic East na Twic Mayardit, bụ ndị pụrụ iche (n'agbanyeghị na ha nwere nghọta) chọrọ iche iche. ụkpụrụ edemede. A na-eji Jaang, Jieng ma ọ bụ Muonyjieng dị ka okwu izugbe kpuchie asụsụ Dinka niile. Na nso nso a, Akutmɛ̤t Latueŋ Thuɔŋjäŋ (Ndị Mmepe Asụsụ Dinka) atụpụtawo otu mkpụrụ edemede edekọtara ọnụ nke Dinka.

Asụsụ kacha nwee njikọ na Dinka bụ asụsụ Nuer. Asụsụ Luo nwekwara njikọ chiri anya. Okwu Dinka na-egosi oke nso na Nubian, nke nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi mmekọrịta oge ochie n'etiti ndị Dinka na alaeze Alodia.

Dinka nwere usoro ụdaume bara ụba, nwere ụdaume dị mkpụmkpụ iri na atọ nwere ọdịiche. Enwere ụdaume asaa gbakwunyere ụzọ abụọ dị na ụda olu. Ihe ndị dị n'okpuru, [◌̤], na-aka usoro olu ume ume, nke nọchiri anya n'asụsụ Dinka site na diaereses, ⟨◌̈⟩. Ụdaume na-enweghị akara bụ modal ma ọ bụ na-ada ụda.

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

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Mkpụrụ okwu

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E nwere ụdaume iri abụọ:

Akpụkpọ ahụ Ezé ezé Alveolar Palatal Velar
Ụgbọ imi m n̪ n ɲ ŋ
Kwụsị p b t̪ d̪ t d c ɟ k ɡọ
Ihe na-esiri ike ɣ
Ihe na-eru nso (N'akụkụ)
j w
l
Rhotic ɾ

Mkpụrụedemede

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Dinka nwere usoro ụdaume bara ọgaranya, nke nwere ụdaume iri na atọ dị mkpirikpi. E nwere àgwà ụdaume asaa tinyere ọdịiche ụzọ abụọ na phonation. Ihe [◌̤] dị n'okpuru, na-egosi usoro olu na-eku ume, nke a na-anọchite anya ya na orthography Dinka site na diaereses, Mkpụrụedemede ndị a na-amaghị aha ha bụ modal ma ọ bụ ụda olu.

N'ihu Ịlaghachi azụ
ala dị larịị iku ume ala dị larịị iku ume
N'akụkụ i i̤ u
N'etiti etiti na e̤ o o̤
N'etiti oghere Ọ bụ ɛ̤ Ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-eme ya ɔ̤
Emeghe a a̤

A kọwaala ụdaume anọ na ụdaume Dinka: olu modal, olu na-eku ume, olu faucalized, na olu siri ike. Usoro modal nwere mmezu olu na-eme mkpọtụ ma ọ bụ nke siri ike na gburugburu ebe ụfọdụ, ebe ụdaume na-eku ume dị n'etiti ma kọwaa ya dị ka ụda olu (faucalized). Nke [1] na-adabere na ụda.

[1]'elu nke a, e nwere ụdaume atọ dị iche iche, ihe a na-ahụ n'asụsụ ole na ole.Ọtụtụ mgbọrọgwụ ngwaa Dinka bụ otu, Ọtụtụ mgbọrọgwụ ngwaa Dinka bụ otu, nke mechiri emechi nwere ma nke dị mkpụmkpụ ma ọ bụ ogologo ụdaume. Ụfọdụ mgbagha na-agbatị ụdaume ahụ:

  • /lèl/ 'iche\2sg'
  • /lèːl/ 'iche\3sg'
  • //léːl// 'kpaliri\2sg'
  • /lèːːl/ 'kpaliri\3sg'
dị mkpirikpi ràaan ā-lèl "Ị na-ekewapụ mmadụ (raaan)."
ogologo oge ràaan ā-leeel "Ọ na-ekewapụ mmadụ".
ogologo oge lràaan ā-leeel "Ọ na-akpasu mmadụ iwe".

Ojiji dị ukwuu nke ụda na mmekọrịta ya na ọdịdị bụ ihe dị ịrịba ama nke asụsụ niile nke Dinka. Asụsụ Bor niile nwere ụda anọ [1] ọkwa mkpụrụedemede: Low, High, Mid, na Fall.

Na Bor n'onwe ya, a naghị ahụ ụda na-ada na ụdaume dị mkpirikpi ma e wezụga dị ka ntụgharị maka passive na oge ugbu a. [2] Nyaarweng na Twïc [3] a hụghị ya ma ọlị. Na Bor n'onwe ya, na ikekwe n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ, a na-ahụ Fall dị ka nke a na njedebe nke ahịrịokwu prosodic. N'ebe ọzọ ọ na-aghọ elu.

Na Bor n'onwe ya na ikekwe asụsụ ndị ọzọ, ụda dị ala bụ ụda dị ala naanị mgbe ụda dị ala ọzọ gasịrị. N'ebe ọzọ ọ na-ada, mana ọ bụghị otu ihe ahụ dị ka Fall: Ọ naghị adị elu n'etiti ahịrịokwu, ndị ọkà okwu nwere ike ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụda abụọ na-ada n'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ bụ na ha nwere otu ụda olu. Ihe dị iche na-egosi na ọ dị na oge: na Fall onye na-anụ ụda dị elu nke na-ada, ebe allophone na-ada ada na-amalite ịda wee pụta. (Ya bụ, otu na-ada na mora mbụ nke ụdaume, ebe nke ọzọ na-ada na mora nke abụọ.) Nke a bụ ihe ọhụrụ n'ihi na e chepụtawo na ndịrịta iche oge dị otú ahụ abụghị ụda ụda. [4]

Ọdịdị

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Asụsụ a na-egosipụta ụdaume ablaut ma ọ bụ apophony, mgbanwe nke ụdaume dị n'ime (dị ka goose / geese Bekee): [5]

Otu Ọtụtụ ịma mma Mgbanwe ụdaume
dom dum 'ubi/ubi' (o–u)
kat kɛt 'frame/frame' (a–ɛ)

Asụsụ

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Ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na-ekewa Dinka n'ime asụsụ ise ma ọ bụ ụyọkọ asụsụ kwekọrọ na ọnọdụ ala ha n'ihe gbasara ibe ha: [6]

Ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ na ọdịda anyanwụ:

  • Padaŋ nke Ayuël jiel (Abiliang, Nyiël, Ageer, D Disney).
  • Luäc (Akook, Wieu, Aguer)
  • Ŋɔŋ de Jok (Upper Nile)
  • Rut
  • Thoi

Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ:

  • Ŋɔŋ nke Jok Athuorkok (Abiei)
  • Ŋ nke Jok de Awet
  • Kuel nke Ruweeng (Panaru, Aloor ku Paweny)

Ndịda Central:

  • Aliap
  • Ciëc (Jang)
  • Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ ịṅụ mmanya
  • Agaar
  • Apääk de Yirol n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ.

Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ:

  • Bor
  • Twic (Abụọ)
  • Nyarweng
  • Hol

Ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ:

  • Malual-Jinyaaɛrŋ (Abiëm, Pali alli, Aroyo, Paliëupiny ku Pajok)
  • Luänyjäŋ
  • Twic Bol

Rek

  • Nwunye na-anọ
  • Apuk
  • Awan Cän ku Awan Mɔ̈u
  • Ụgbọ mmiri
  • Abiëm Mayar
  • Ọ na-eme ihe na-eme
  • Nöi Ayii
  • Nyaŋ Aköc
  • Atok Buk
  • Ler Akën
  • Awan Parek
  • Lɔn Ariik
  • Mgbe ị na-eme ya
  • Kɔŋgör Arop
  • Apuk Padɔc
  • Muɔk Aköt Wut
  • Yär Ayiɛɛi
  • Apuk Jurwiir
  • N'ihi ya, ọ na-eme ihe nkiri
  • Luäny Malek
  • Ihe ndị ọzọ a na-akpọ Ya
  • Thïïk/Thïŋ Majɔk
  • Kɔŋ-ŋör Akuëcbɛ̈ny
  • Onye na-amụ nwa
  • Adöör Mabior
  • Bäc


Ihe ndị a ga-abụ ihe a na-aghọta ibe ha ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị maka mkpa ụda dị na mgbanwe ụtọ asụsụ, dịka ọrụ ụtọ asụsụ nke ụda dị iche site n'otu ụdị gaa na nke ọzọ.

Lee Ethnologue online map nke Sudan maka ebe nke olumba.

Usoro ide ihe

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  Ejirila ọtụtụ Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Latin dee Dinka kemgbe mmalite narị afọ nke 20. Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ dị ugbu a bụ:

a ä b c d dh e ë ɛ̈ g ɣ i ï j k l m n nh ny ŋ t th u w o ö ɔ̈ p r
Akwụkwọ ozi dị ugbu a Ihe ndị ọzọ
ɛ
 ė ("e" nwere ntụpọ n'elu)
ɣ
 h, x, q
ŋ
 ng
ɔ
 "O" nke nwere ntụpọ n'elu ya)

Aleu Majok Aleu mepụtara mkpụrụedemede Dinka dabere [7] edemede Nilerian. 

N'afọ 2020, Deng Chol webatara usoro edemede Dinka ọhụrụ (Nilotic Script), e mepụtara edemede ọhụrụ ahụ site na usoro edemede Meroëtic oge ochie, https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid0244koadcEeYxCqJ8L6s8LZq9DxfyFdfGo8YSamiqMz247YAewH7gQRSE3Uhz9tz9t Azl&J2=1110637293327802Jocmibexhttps://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=pfbid0244koadcEeYxCqJ8L6s8LZq9DxfyFdfGo8YSamiMqz247YAewH7gQRSE3Uhz9tzAzl&id=111062937332780&mibextid=2JQ9oc

Ihe Nlereanya

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Isiokwu 1 nke Universal Declaration of Human Rights [8]

Dinka: N'oge a na-eme ihe nkiri, n'oge a, n'ebe a na-arụ ọrụ n'oge ahụ, n'ime oge a na-anọ n'oge ọzọ. 

Igbo: A mụrụ mmadụ niile nweere onwe ha nhata na ugwu na ikike. Enyere ha uche na akọ na uche ma kwesị ịkpakọrịta ibe ha n'ime mmụọ nke ụmụnna.

Hụkwa

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  • Ndị Dinka
  • Asụsụ Naịl na Sahara

Edensibia

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Remijsen (2013). "Tonal alignment is contrastive in falling contours in Dinka". Language 89 (2): 297–327. DOI:10.1353/lan.2013.0023.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Remijsen" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ South Sudan people groups, languages and religions | Joshua Project. joshuaproject.net. Retrieved on 2022-09-17.
  3. ↑ Sudan (1912). Reports on the Finance, Administration, and Condition of the Sudan (in en). F. Nimr. 
  4. ↑ Silverman (1997). "Tone sandhi in Comaltepec Chinantec". Language 73 (3): 473–92. DOI:10.2307/415881. 
  5. ↑ After Bauer 2003:35
  6. ↑ South Sudan people groups, languages and religions | Joshua Project. joshuaproject.net. Retrieved on 2022-09-17.
  7. ↑ Majok. The New Muonyjang (Dinka) Script.
  8. ↑ Omniglot. Retrieved on 2023-08-13.
Ewepụtara na https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asụsụ_Dinka&oldid=150891