Asụsụ Basum
| obere ụdị nke | Central Tibetan, Bodish  |
|---|
Basum (autonym: brog gsum 'ugwu atọ'; Basong 巴松话; Bake [1]) bụ asụsụ Bodish dị iche iche nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 2,500 na-asụ na Gongbo'gyamda County 工布江达县, Nyingtri Prefecture, Tibet, China. 13.5% nke ndị bi na Gongbo'gyamda County na-asụ Basum. Glottolog depụtara Basum dị ka onye a na-ahapụghị n'ime Bodish.
Wang (2020) bụ nkọwa ụtọ asụsụ na morphosyntactic nke Basum .
Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga dezie
A maara asụsụ Basum n'ógbè ahụ dị ka Bäke, nke sitere na brag-gsum ska, nke pụtara 'asụsụ nke Nkume Atọ'. E nwere ihe dị ka ndị na-asụ asụsụ 3,000 na obodo Zhoka na Tshongo, Gongbo'gyamda County 工布江达县, n'ikperé mmiri nke Ọdọ Mmiri Basum. [2], et al. (1989) kọwakwara na a na-asụ Basum na Cuogao Township 错高乡 na Xueka Township 雪卡乡 nke Gongbo'gyamda County 工布江达县, Nyingtri Prefecture, Tibet, China.
Nchịkọta dezie
Qu, et al. (1989) na-ekwu na Basum bụ onye a na-apụghị ịghọta aghọta ma dị nnọọ iche na Gongbu Tibetan (Chinese: 工布话; 11,600 ọkà ), nke bụ asụsụ dị iche iche nke Central Tibetan nke nwere njikọ chiri anya na Nyingchi Tibetan (Chinish: 林芝话). Basum bụkwa ihe a na-apụghị ịghọta aghọta na Niangpu nkata (nke a na-akpọkwa Muqu 牧区话), nke bụ asụsụ Khams nke ndị mmadụ 4,310 na-asụ na Jiaxing 加兴 na Niangp nkata obodo nke Gongbo'gyamda County. , et al. (1989:61) na-achọpụta ụfọdụ myirịta okwu n'etiti Basum na Cuona Menba (Tawang Monpa), asụsụ East Bodish.
Suzuki & Nyima (2016) [3] na-ewere Basum dị ka asụsụ na-abụghị Ndị Tibet.
Tournadre (2014) [1] kewara Basum (Bake) dị ka asụsụ Bodish a na-akpọghị aha nke na-esoghị na alaka Tibetic. Tourna (2014: 112) na-ekwu na Basum nwere negator a-, dị iche na negator ma- ma ọ bụ myi- n'asụsụ Tibetic. Ọzọkwa, n'adịghị ka asụsụ Tibetic, Basum anaghị eme ka Proto-Bodish *ti- na *si-.
Akwụkwọ Nsọ dezie
[2]Tournadre & Suzuki (2023) depụtara okwu Basum ndị na-esonụ na-enweghị aha Tibetic.
| Nkọwa | Basum | Ụdị Tibet oge ochie |
|---|---|---|
| asaa | Sọn: | bdun |
| anọ | Akwụkwọ bụ̣̣̣́ Qhichwa | bzhi |
| anụ | Shia: | sha |
| ọbara | Asụsụ a na-akpọ | khrag |
| ụkwụ | 'kiː | rkang |
| uhie | 'N'ebe ọ bụla | dmar |
| nkume | 'tɐ luŋ | rdo |
| M | 'Ọ bụ otú e si eme ihe | nga |
| ị | Ọdịda Anyanwụ | khyed, khyod |
| ya | Akwụkwọ bụ̣̣̣́ Xing | kho |
| ịgọnahụ | Isiokwu | ma |
, et al. (1989: 50-51) depụtara okwu Basum ndị na-esonụ na-enweghị njikọ na asụsụ ndị agbata obi Tibetic.
| Ọmarịcha ndị China | Nkọwa Bekee | Basum |
|---|---|---|
| Ụkwụ | ụkwụ, ụkwụ | ci14 |
| Mmanụ ala | Mmanụ yak | ja55 |
| nnu | nnu | npo53 |
| 一 | otu | tɯʔ53 |
| 七 | asaa | __ibo__ Nke a bụ 55 |
| Ịga ije | ịga ije | N'ihi ya, ọ bụghị n'afọ 53 |
| Anya | ile anya | ɕẽ53 |
| Ihi ụra | ihi ụra | C.14 |
| Ịnọ | ịnọdụ ala | __ibo__ Nkọwapụta 55 |
| Mụ onwe m | I (1.SG) | afọ 53 |
| Ị | gị (2.SG) | Isi mmalite12 |
| Ya | ya (3.SG) | po53 |
| Nke ahụ | nke ahụ | N'oge 53 |
| Ọtụtụ | ọtụtụ | pi55 |
| Ọbara | uhie | N'afọ 53 |
| Ọrịa na-ewute | na-adịghị mma | phe55mu53 |
| Otu nwa | ntakịrị, ntakịrị | ɐ55mi |
| Ozugbo ahụ | n'oge na-adịghị anya, ngwa ngwa | a11lu53 |
| Ihe niile | niile | nta11le15 |
| Isi ihe | n'ụzọ bụ isi | ɐ11nɐʔ53 |
| Otu ihe | n'ezie, ga-abụrịrị | sɯ̃11pa53 |
Okwu Basum ndị ọzọ dị iche iche bụ (Suzuki & Nyima 2016): [3]
| Nkọwa | Basum |
|---|---|
| otu | tɨʔ |
| anọ | bər |
| ise | ŋo |
| asaa | ni |
| gị (sg) | do |
| ọbara | køʔ |
| anụ | aȵi |
| ígwè | l̥ɐʔ |
| Ezì | pɐʔ |
Edensibia dezie
na-achọpụta ụfọdụ myirịta okwu n'etiti Basum na Cuona Menba (Tawang Monpa), asụsụ East Bodish depụtara okwu Basum ndị na-esonụ na-enweghị njikọ na asụsụ ndị agbata obi Tibetic.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Tournadre, Nicolas. 2014. "The Tibetic languages and their classification." In Trans-Himalayan linguistics, historical and descriptive linguistics of the Himalayan area. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Tournadre (2023). The Tibetic Languages: an introduction to the family of languages derived from Old Tibetan. Paris: LACITO. ISBN 978-2-490768-08-0.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Suzuki, Hiroyuki and Tashi Nyima. 2016. ’Bo skad, a newly recognised non-Tibetic variety spoken in mDzo sgang, TAR: a brief introduction to its sociolinguistic situation, sounds, and vocabulary. Fourth Workshop on Sino-Tibetan Languages of Southwest China (STLS-2016). University of Washington, Seattle, September 8–10, 2016.
Àtụ:Sino-Tibetan languagesÀtụ:Bodic languagesÀtụ:Languages of China