Asụsụ Arhuaco
Arhuaco, nke a maara dị ka (Arhuaco: Ikʉ), bụ asụsụ Ụmụ amaala America nke Ezinụlọ asụsụ Chibchan, nke Ndị Arhuaco na-asụ na South America.
| Arhuaco | |
|---|---|
| Ikʉ | |
| A mụrụ ya | Colombia |
| Agbụrụ | 14,800 Arhuacos (2001) [1] |
Ndị na-asụ asụsụ ala
|
8,000 (2009)[2] |
Chibchan
| |
| Koodu asụsụ | |
| ISO 639-3 | arh
|
| Glottolog | arhu1242
|
| ELP | Ica |
| |
nwere ndị na-asụ asụsụ 8,000, ha niile nọ na mpaghara Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta nke Colombia, 90% n'ime ha bụ ndị na-ekwu otu asụsụ. Ịgụ na ide bụ 1 ruo 5% n'asụsụ ha. Ụfọdụ [3]-asụ Spanish, na 15 ruo 25% bụ ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ n'asụsụ enyemaka ahụ. Ndị ọrụ ahụ nwere ọdịbendị ọdịnala siri ike [3] jiri ire ha mee ihe nke ọma.
makwaara ya dị ka: Aruaco, Bintuk, Bíntukua, Bintucua, Ica, Ijca, Ijka, Ika, na Ike.
Asụsụ ahụ na-eji usoro ahịrịokwu isiokwu-ihe-okwu (SOV).
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
dezie| N'ihu | Central | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N'akụkụ | i-agụnye__ibo__ Ihe omuma aỌdịdị | N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adịN'ihi ya, ọ bụỌdịdị | u bụ na-agụ__ibo__ Akwụkwọ bụ̣̣́ nke a na-akpọ "Spanish"Ọdịdị |
| N'etiti | na-agụnye__ibo__ Ihe omuma aỌdịdị | ə'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adịNa-ekwu maka yaỌdịdị | o-adịNkọwaỌdịdị |
| Emeghe | n'ihi yaIhe omuma di icheỌdịdị |
/ə/ na-ebuli elu ma jikọta ya na /ɨ/ okwu n'ikpeazụ.
Asụsụ a na-edebanye aha ụdaume iri na asaa:
Ọdịdị nke ụdaume
dezieEwezuga ụfọdụ, mkpụrụedemede Arhuaco nwere ike ịmalite site na ụdaume abụọ (nke abụọ n'ime ha ga-abụ glide /w j/) ma nwee ike mechie ya site na otu n'ime ụdaume ndị a: /ʔ n r w j/.
Prosody
dezieMmetụta Arhuaco na-adaba na nkeji okwu nke abụọ, na nrụgide nke abụọ na-eme na nkeji okwu ọ bụla bu ụzọ, n'ihe gbasara okwu ndị toro ogologo (dịka /ˌunkəˈsia / 'mkpịsị aka nchebe'). [4] E nwere ụfọdụ affixes na enclitics ndị bụ extrametrical ma ghara ịgụ dị ka mkpụrụedemede maka ọrụ nrụgide.
Ọdịdị
dezieAha nnọchiaha
dezie| onye | otu | ọtụtụ |
|---|---|---|
| Nke Mbụ | nən | niβi |
| Nke abụọ | ma | miβi |
| Nke atọ | a | Ijiknaʔ |
(1985, 34) depụtara nnọchiaha onwe onye isii maka Arhuaco, na otu na ọtụtụ nọmba maka onye mbụ, nke abụọ, na nke atọ ma kwuo na ha "anaghị apụta ugboro ugboro na ederede; ha na-apụta mgbe ụfọdụ na ọnọdụ isiokwu, na-adịkarịghị na ọnọdụ ihe, na ọtụtụ mgbe dị ka ihe nke nnọchianya".
[5][6]'ụzọ a na-adịghị ahụkebe, akara onye na ngwaa Arhuaco agbanweela ka ọ bụrụ ụzọ dị irè iji akara epistemic modality ma ọ bụ evidentiality.
Edensibia
dezieFrank, Paul 1985. Asụsụ nke Ika. Akwụkwọ edemede PhD. Mahadum Pennsylvania.
Frank, Paul 2000. Okwu Ika. Dallas, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2000. Asụsụ Ika. n'asụsụ ụmụ amaala nke Colombia: Otu ọhụụ nkọwa. Bogota: Instituto Caro y Cuervo.
Ihe edeturu
dezie- ↑ Arhuaco language at Ethnologue (16th ed., 2009)
- ↑ Arhuaco at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedeth - ↑ Landaburu (2000). La lengua Ika. Bogotá: Instituto Caro y Cuervo.
- ↑ Ostler (2000). "The Development of Transitivity in the Chibchan Languages of Colombia", in Smith: Historical Linguistics 1995. Volume 1: General issues and non-Germanic Languages. Selected papers from the 12th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Manchester, August 1995. Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins, 279–293. ISBN 978-90-272-3666-1.
- ↑ Bergqvist (2012). "Epistemic marking in Ika (Arwako)". Studies in Language 36 (1): 154–181. DOI:10.1075/sl.36.1.05ber.
