Wikipedia

Alpha Sigma Alpha

Alfa Sigma Alpha (ΑΣΑ) bụ onye mba United States National Panhellenic sorority tọrọ ntọala na Nọvemba 15, 1901, na Virginia State Female Normal School (nke e mechara mara dị ka Longwood College ma mara ugbu a dị ka Mahadum Longwood) na Farmville, Virginia.

Ozugbo sorority naanị maka kọleji nkuzi / agụmakwụkwọ, Alfa Sigma Alpha ghọrọ onye otu zuru oke na ọgbakọ Panhellenic nke mba na 1951, [1] na, dị ka mmekọrịta ọha na eze, na-anabata ndị otu na-enweghị oke dabere na isi. Enwere ihe karịrị isiakwụkwọ 175 nke Alfa Sigma Alpha na mba niile nwere ndị otu karịrị 120,000. Ya na ndị otu na-ahụ maka enyemaka na-emekọrịta ihe ugbu a, Egwuregwu Olimpik pụrụiche na ụmụ agbọghọ na-agba ọsọ.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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Ntọala

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N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1901, na Mahadum Longwood, ụmụ agbọghọ ise, ndị enyi niile, kpebiri ịgba ọsọ na ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ógbè ahụ na campus. Otú ọ dị, kama ịnakwere arịrịọ nke ga-ekewapụ otu ahụ, ha kpebiri ịmepụta òtù nke ha.[1][2] Ndị guzobere ya bụ:

  • Virginia Lee Boyd-Noell (Virginia Boyd)
  • Juliette Jefferson Hundley-Gilliam (Juliette Hundley)
  • Calva Hamlet Watson-Wootton (Calva Watson)
  • Louise Burks Cox-Carper (Louise Cox)
  • Mary Williamson-Hundley (Mary Williamson)

Na Nọvemba 15, 1901, a kpọrọ aha Alpha Sigma Alpha ma nye ya akwụkwọ ikike. Akwụkwọ iwu ahụ kwuru na "Ebumnuche nke njikọ ahụ ga-abụ ịzụlite ọbụbụenyi n'etiti ndị otu ya, na n'ụzọ ọ bụla iji mepụta mmetụta dị ọcha na nke dị elu, iji mee ihe ndị dị otú ahụ na ịkpụzi echiche ndị dị ka ga-ebuli elu ma bulie ụmụ nwanyị n'ụwa. "[3]

N'ime afọ mgbe a bịanyere aka na akwụkwọ ikike ahụ, ndị guzobere ya mara ọkwa ukwe mbụ nke Sorority, Blest Be the Tie that Binds, na ụkpụrụ mbụ, "na ibe onye kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi".[4] Agba mbụ bụ ọbara ọbara na ọlaọcha, okooko osisi bụ carnation ọcha, na ọla bụ emerald. Baajị ndị otu mbụ nke Sorority bụ ọta nke nwere okpueze ọla, nke nwere mkpụrụedemede Grik ΑΣΑ nke e dere na ọla edo n'elu ihe ojii. Na Febụwarị 13, 1903, Alpha Sigma Alpha natara ikike n'ụlọ ikpe sekit nke Prince Edward County, VA, site n'aka Ọkàikpe George Jefferson Hundley, nna nke otu n'ime ndị guzobere ya.[1] Nkwekọrịta a malitere ịdị adị iwu nke nzukọ ahụ, nke mbụ n'ime ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ iji gbasaa sorority na ime ka Alpha Sigma Alpha bụrụ sorority mba.

Alfa Sigma Alpha bụ otu n'ime "Farmville Four" sororities tọrọ ntọala na mahadum, nke gụnyere Kappa Delta, Sigma Sigma Sigma, na Zeta Tau Alpha. A na-arara ụlọ elu elekere na campus mahadum nwere ihu elekere na-anọchite anya sorority ọ bụla nye anọ ahụ. Onye ọ bụla sorority na "Farmville Four" bụkwa onye so na National Panhellenic Conference, nke na-achị 26 mba social sororities.

Ihe ịma aka ndị mbụ

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Alfa Sigma Alfa gbasaa ngwa ngwa, tinye isi 13 n'ime afọ iri mbụ ya, wee malite inwe nsogbu n'ihi echiche mgbochi nke oge ahụ, na-eme ka otu n'ime isiakwụkwọ ahụ gbasaa nanị ọnwa ole na ole ka e kwusịrị ya. N'agbanyeghị àgwà mgbochi-sorority, Alpha Sigma Alpha nke mbụ isi isii mere ya mbụ National Convention na Hotel Richmond na Richmond, VA n'elu 1905 Thanksgiving izu ụka. N'oge mgbakọ ahụ, a họpụtara National Council nke mbụ na sorority kere magazin ya, nke a ga-ebipụta ugboro atọ n'afọ. E bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ a n’afọ 1906. N’afọ 1908, a gbanwere aha magazin ahụ ka ọ bụrụ Aegis nke Alpha Sigma Alpha.[1] Na 1911, Alfa Sigma Alpha ghọrọ ọkachamara sorority n'ime ngalaba agụmakwụkwọ. [1][2]

Ka òtù ndị inyom ahụ malitere ịkwụsi ike, ha nwere mgbakọ iji hazigharịa onwe ha n'oge ekele na 1914. Na mgbakọ a, ụmụ nwanyị ahụ nabatara iwu ma gbanwee akara ya, omenala ya, na ememe ya. N'ebe a, a họpụtara Shaw Martin ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ala, [1] ma ụmụ nwanyị ahụ gbanwere aha magazin ya ka ọ bụrụ aha ya ugbu a, The Phoenix, nke ghọrọ akwụkwọ kwa izu nke Shaw Martin dezigharịrị. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ "dị ka isi ihe na-ejikọta akụkụ dị iche iche nke Sorority... ọ nwere ntụziaka na mkparịta ụka nke mkpebi na iwu nke Sororité, akwụkwọ akụkọ isi na ihe ndị sitere na isiokwu gbasara omume na ụkpụrụ omume maka òtù ụmụnna. "[5]

Na 1915 na sorority tọrọ ntọala Association of Education Sororities na Sigma Sigma Sigma ịzụlite nkịtị ụkpụrụ maka guzobe na mgbasawanye nke mmụta sororities.[1] Ọ bụ ezie na Shaw Martin rịọrọ National Panhellenic Conference (NPC) na 1920, a jụrụ arịrịọ a n'ihi na ụmụ nwanyị enweghị ike ijide mmadụ abụọ na otu NPC abụọ (dị ka Shaw Martin ga-eme ma ọ bụrụ na a nabatara usoro mmụta agụmakwụkwọ). [1]

Oge a

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N'afọ 1947, ụmụ nwanyị isii nke AES vootu ka ha gbasaa ya ma rịọ ka ha sonye na NPC.[1] Na Nọvemba 27, 1951, a nabatara Alpha Sigma Alpha dị ka onye otu NPC zuru oke. [6] Site n'oge ahụ gaa n'ihu, Alpha Sigma Alpha nwere ike iguzobe isi na mahadum ọ bụla NPC nabatara, ọ bụghịzi naanị ndị a kapịrị ọnụ na ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ.

Kemgbe ahụ, Alpha Sigma Alpha esorowo ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị uru dị iche iche na-arụkọ ọrụ n'aha ọrụ ebere. Mgbalị enyemaka ya malitere na 1958 mgbe o guzobere agụmakwụkwọ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere nkwarụ ọgụgụ isi na ndị nwere agụmakwụkwọ pụrụ iche. N'afọ 1976, isi ụlọ ọrụ mba nke sorority kwupụtara mmekọrịta ya na Special Olympics. [1] Kemgbe ahụ, ọ na-ewere ọtụtụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ n'okpuru nku ya. Ndị sorority gbakwunyere S. June Smith Center, ebe nlekọta ụbọchị maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere nkwarụ ọgụgụ isi, dị ka onye ọrụ ebere na 1990.[1]

N'afọ 1998, ụmụ nwanyị ahụ kwagara isi ụlọ ọrụ mba ya na Indianapolis, Indiana, wee mepee ụlọ ọhụrụ afọ iri ka e mesịrị na Septemba 2008. Ọ nabatakwara ihe nkwanye ugwu gọọmentị n'afọ ahụ, ladybug aha ya bụ Dot.

N'ịga n'ihu na itinye aka na Special Olympics, Alpha Sigma Alpha sonyeere mkpọsa ya "Kpọsa Okwu iji kwụsị Okwu" na 2009. N'afọ 2012, ndị sorority gbakwunyere onye ọrụ ebere mba ọzọ, Girls on the Run . [7]

Ihe nnọchianya

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Alpha Sigma Alpha nwere ọtụtụ agba, okooko osisi, ọla, na akara. Agba ndị bụ isi nke Alpha Sigma Alpha bụ ọbara ọbara na pearl ọcha, na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ọla edo dị ka agba nke abụọ nke sorority. Okooko osisi ya bụ aster (flowers ọdịda) na narcissus (flowters nke oge opupu ihe ubi). Maka ọla, òtù ahụ họọrọ pearl (maka ndị otu tupu mmalite) na ruby (maka ndị òtù malitere), nke jikọtara ya na agba ndị isi nke òtù ahụ. Ihe nnọchianya bụ nkwụ na okpueze, nke jikọtara ya na agba nke abụọ nke nkwụ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ọlaedo. Ihe nkwanye ugwu nke sorority bụ Dot the ladybug . [8]

Ihe nnọchianya bụ kpakpando, okpueze, nkwụ, na phoenix. Nye sorority, kpakpando ahụ na-anọchite anya otu ndị otu ya kwesịrị isi gbalịa ibi ndụ na ụkpụrụ nke sorority ahụ, ebe okpueze na-anọchi anya ndị ndu na ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ. Osisi nkwụ na-anọchite anya mmepe siri ike, na phoenix, akara nke etiti na nke kachasị ukwuu, na-anọchi anya nhazi nke sorority na 1914 (ma ọ bụ, ọmụmụ ọzọ, na-ejikọta ya na phoenix). [8]

Agba mbụ, okooko osisi, na ọla bụ ọbara ọbara na ọlaọcha, carnation ọcha, na emerald. Baajị ndị otu mbụ bụ ọta nke nwere okpueze ọla, nke nwere mkpụrụedemede Grik ΑΣΑ nke e dere na ọla edo n'elu ihe ojii.[9] N'afọ 1903, baajị ndị otu gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ ọdịdị diamond ọ nwere taa.

Ihe omume

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N'afọ 2016, Alpha Sigma Alpha maliteghachiri mmemme agụmakwụkwọ ya, ebe ndị otu na-amụta banyere ụkpụrụ nke sorority.[10] A na-ekewa usoro ihe omume ahụ n'ime usoro anọ iji kwekọọ na usoro anọ nke ndị otu, ya bụ ndị otu ọhụrụ, ndị mbido, ndị okenye, na ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ. Ihe omume ndị otu ọhụrụ ahụ gụnyere ihe ndị dị n'ịntanetị na n'onwe ya, akwụkwọ ntuziaka, akwụkwọ akụkọ iji tụgharịa uche na emume ndị otu, na ntụziaka site n'aka onye otu kọleji meworo agadi. Ndị na-amalite na-amụta banyere ụkpụrụ nke sorority n'ịntanetị, nwee mmemme isi, ma nwee ike ịnwe asambodo ịghọ onye nduzi maka onye otu ọhụrụ ma ọ bụrụ na ha chọrọ. Ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na-enwe nzukọ kwa ọnwa banyere otu esi agafe na kọleji ma nwee ọrụ nketa. Ụmụ akwụkwọ na-enweta akwụkwọ akụkọ, blọọgụ, na webinars kwa nkeji iri na ise.

Ndị otu ahụ na-agba ọsọ ugbu a na mmemme mgbochi mwakpo mmekọahụ, SPEAK UP, ebe ndị otu nwere ike ikiri vidiyo n'ịntanetị na isiokwu gụnyere "mmekọrịta ahụike, ntinye aka na-agafe agafe, nlekọta onwe onye na nkwenye, na ịṅụ mmanya na ibelata ihe ize ndụ. " [11] Isiakwụkwọ kọleji na-akwado otu ọmụmụ ihe kwa semester na isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ, nke onye ọrụ mpaghara a zụrụ azụ.

Ozi

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Alpha Sigma Alpha has run a Service Immersion Experience for its members since 2013,[1] which consists of a service trip where members travel to Oahu, Hawaii, and work with local organizations.[12] In 2012, the sorority began a program called D.O.T. Days, or Donating Our Time Days, which take place during the first week of October every year. Sorority members "are encouraged to donate their time to the national philanthropic partners and local community."[13]

Ịdu

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Usoro mmemme dị iche iche maka ndị otu Alpha Sigma Alpha, ndị ndụmọdụ, na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.[14] Ndị ndụmọdụ, ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo, ndị otu kọleji, na ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ nwere ike ịga nzukọ National Convention & Leadership Conference nke sorority.

Maka ndị otu kọleji ya, sorority kwadoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọzụzụ ndu mbụ ya na 1966. N'afọ 1989, ụmụ nwanyị ahụ sochiri Emma Coleman Frost Leadership Development Institute. [1] A na-achọkwa ka ndị otu kọleji gaa mmemme "The Academy" nke sorority na idu ndú na netwọk. Ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na kọleji nwere Women's Advancement Series, nke na-enye nzaghachi ọrụ ma na-enyere aka ijikọ ya na ụmụnne nwanyị.

Ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo na ndị ndụmọdụ nwere ike ịga Region Volunteer Development Weekend ma ọ bụ Advisor Institute, nke ọ bụla bụ ngwụsị izu nke ọzụzụ ndị ndu na ndụmọdụ gbasara ọrụ isi.[14] Ụmụ nwanyị ahụ malitere mmemme ndụmọdụ nduzi ya na ' odeakwụkwọ njem' mbụ ha na 1963, nke a na-akpọ 'ndị nnọchi anya mpaghara', tupu ha ekpebie aha ikpeazụ ya.[1] Ndị ndụmọdụ ndị ndu bụ ndị ọrụ na-eme njem nke nzukọ mba ahụ na-akụziri ngalaba kọleji banyere idu ndú na mmemme.

Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara

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Mbipụta dị ugbu a bụ The Phoenix . Magazin ahụ na-ekpuchi akụkọ isi ma na-agụnye ihe gbasara ndị otu na-etinye aka na obodo ha, ndepụta ncheta, otuto maka ndị otu na ihe ịga nke ọma ha, na isiokwu ndị ọzọ.[15]

Ụmụ nwanyị ahụ ebipụtakwala akwụkwọ nri abụọ sitere na ntụziaka ndị otu nyere. [16]

Ọrụ ebere

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Ndị mmekọ ọrụ ebere dị iche iche nke sorority gụnyere Alpha Sigma Alpha Foundation, S. June Smith Center, Special Olympics, na Girls on the Run.[17]

N'afọ 1986, Alpha Sigma Alpha jikọtara ego nkwekọrịta 1947 na ego mmepe nke e guzobere na 1982 n'ime Alpha Sigma alpha Foundation . [1] Na mbido, ọ bụ òtù na-enye agụmakwụkwọ, mana ọ gbasaa iji nye ndị otu ahụ onyinye na onyinye.[18] Ntọala ahụ na-enyekwa ego maka mmemme isi.

Abụọ n'ime ọrụ ebere nke sorority na-elekwasị anya n'inyere ndị nwere nkwarụ aka. S. June Smith Center na-enye ụmụaka nwere nkwarụ na ezinụlọ ha ọrụ, gụnyere ụdị ọgwụgwọ na ntụziaka dị iche iche. A gụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ aha onye otu Alpha Sigma Alpha, Dr. S. June Smith.[19] Special Olympics bụ nzukọ maka ụmụaka na ndị okenye nwere Nkwarụ ọgụgụ isi, na-enye ọzụzụ na asọmpi n'afọ niile n'ụwa niile.

Onye mmekọ ọrụ ebere kachasị ọhụrụ nke sorority bụ Girls on the Run, ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị uru nke na-eji mmega ahụ eme ihe iji wulite àgwà uche na nke anụ ahụ dị mma n'ime ụmụ agbọghọ na-eto eto.

Onyinye

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Ihe nrite kọleji

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A na-eji onyinye maka ndị otu ọhụrụ na ụmụnne nwanyị ndị na-egosipụta ọrụ, agụmakwụkwọ, ma ọ bụ egwuregwu. Isiakwụkwọ na-enwetakwa onyinye dị iche iche.

E guzobere ya na 1985, a na-enye onyinye isi anọ kwa afọ na isi kọleji nke na-eme nke ọma n'ebe dị iche iche. Mpaghara ndị a gụnyere ndị otu, agụmakwụkwọ dị mma, ego, agụmakịa na ọrụ, ọrụ na inye, nzukọ na iwu mba, onyinyo nzukọ, iwu na usoro, bọọdụ ndụmọdụ, na itinye aka na ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ. Isi nke na-enweta pasent kachasị elu nke ihe achọrọ maka onyinye a na-enweta Crown of Excellence Award, onyinye kachasị elu nke isi kọleji nwere ike ịnata.

A na-enyekwa ihe nrite n'isiakwụkwọ kacha mma n'otu mpaghara. Isi akwụkwọ kọleji ọ bụla nwere GPA kachasị elu na kampos ya maka oge ụlọ akwụkwọ na-enweta onyinye nzere Scholastic Achievement. The Rose Marie Fellin Financial Excellence Award e hibere na 1992 iji sọpụrụ afọ 27 nke aha ya dị ka onye isi ụlọ ọrụ. A na-enye ihe nrite a n'isiakwụkwọ na-eme ezigbo njikwa ego site na idekọ ndekọ, akụkọ gbasara ego ziri ezi, nkwurịta okwu na isi ụlọ ọrụ mba yana ịgba mbọ nweta nkwụsi ike ego n'ozuzu ya. E hiwere onyinye nturu ugo nke mbanye n'ọrụ na 2010 ma wepụta ya n'isiakwụkwọ nke mezuru ebumnuche ọrụ ya maka afọ ahụ. Nke a gụnyere iru oke na mkpokọta ụlọ akwụkwọ, yana ihe ọhụrụ n'ime atụmatụ na imejuputa atumatu iwere ọrụ dị mma. Sidney Gremillion Allen Panhellenic Award, nke akpọrọ aha onye nnọchi anya NPC nke sorority, ka enyere isiakwụkwọ nke gosipụtara mmụọ na nsonye Panhellenic pụtara ìhè. A na-enye ihe nrite ọrụ na inye onyinye n'isiakwụkwọ kacha gosipụta mmesapụ aka.

Ihe nrite ụmụ akwụkwọ

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Ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ nwere ike ịnata ọtụtụ onyinye dị iche iche: Palm, Star, ma ọ bụ Crown Chapter; Crown of Excellence; na Outstanding Membership Growth / Alumnae Panhellenic Engagement / Collegiate Chapter Relations / Programs / Community Involvement, Service and Giving.

Onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'otu n'otu nwere ike ịnata onyinye nke ya. Ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị ọrụ ha ma ọ bụ ihe ha rụzuru n'obodo dọtara mmasị n'èzí nke sorority na-enweta Recognition of Eminence Award. Nke mbụ e gosipụtara na 2012 na mgbakọ mba nke sorority, a na-enye Alpha Sigma Alpha Foundation Heart of Giving Award na onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ nke nyere oge ma ọ bụ ego dị ukwuu na òtù ọrụ ebere. A na-enye Evelyn G. Bell Award, nke akpọrọ aha onye isi ala gara aga, onye otu alumna nke gosipụtara idu ndú pụrụ iche, iguzosi ike n'ihe na ntinye aka na sorority site n'ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi kọleji, onye isi alumnae, na onye ọrụ afọ ofufo mba. Ihe nrite ndị ọzọ e nyere ndị otu maka nraranye na ọrụ nye ndị otu ahụ bụ Helen Corey Award, Wilma Wilson Sharp Award, Agape Award, na Outstanding Advisor Award.

Isiokwu

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E nwere ugbu a ihe karịrị isi 175 nke Alpha Sigma Alpha na mba niile nwere ihe karịrị ndị otu 120,000. [2][20] E guzobere ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ nke mba na 2015. [1]

Ndị a ma ama

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Hụkwa

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  • Ndepụta nke ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị

Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 Alpha Sigma Alpha Interactive Timeline (en-US). www.alphasigmaalpha.org. Retrieved on July 28, 2018.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities (Baird's Manual Online Archive), showing Alpha Sigma Alpha chapters (English). Student Life and Culture Archives. University of Illinois Archives. Retrieved on December 30, 2021.
  3. ↑ Alpha Sigma Alpha Sorority founded – Alpha Sigma Alpha | Alpha Sigma Alpha Interactive Timeline (en-US). www.alphasigmaalpha.org (November 15, 1901). Archived from the original on June 18, 2018. Retrieved on June 17, 2018.
  4. ↑ Establishing an identity – Alpha Sigma Alpha | Alpha Sigma Alpha Interactive Timeline (en-US). www.alphasigmaalpha.org (September 8, 1902). Archived from the original on June 18, 2018. Retrieved on June 17, 2018.
  5. ↑ The Phoenix of Alpha Sigma Alpha – Alpha Sigma Alpha | Alpha Sigma Alpha Interactive Timeline (en-US). www.alphasigmaalpha.org (November 1914). Archived from the original on June 18, 2018. Retrieved on June 17, 2018.
  6. ↑ National Panhellenic Conference (September 5, 2009). Archived from the original on September 5, 2009. Retrieved on June 10, 2018.
  7. ↑ "Girls on the Run International | Alpha Sigma Alpha", Alpha Sigma Alpha. Retrieved on July 28, 2018. (in en-US)
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Symbols | Alpha Sigma Alpha", Alpha Sigma Alpha. Retrieved on June 17, 2018. (in en-US)
  9. ↑ "Did you know this? Founders' Day edition | Alpha Sigma Alpha", Alpha Sigma Alpha, November 15, 2013. Retrieved on June 17, 2018. (in en-US)
  10. ↑ "Membership education | Alpha Sigma Alpha", Alpha Sigma Alpha. Retrieved on June 17, 2018. (in en-US)
  11. ↑ "Sexual Assault Prevention Program | Alpha Sigma Alpha", Alpha Sigma Alpha. Retrieved on June 17, 2018. (in en-US)
  12. ↑ "Collegians selected for the 2017 service immersion experience | Alpha Sigma Alpha", Alpha Sigma Alpha. Retrieved on June 17, 2018. (in en-US)
  13. ↑ "DOT Days | Alpha Sigma Alpha", Alpha Sigma Alpha. Retrieved on June 17, 2018. (in en-US)
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "National Events | Alpha Sigma Alpha", Alpha Sigma Alpha. Retrieved on June 17, 2018. (in en-US)
  15. ↑ "Phoenix Magazine Submissions | Alpha Sigma Alpha", Alpha Sigma Alpha. Retrieved on June 17, 2018. (in en-US)
  16. ↑ Second cookbook published – Alpha Sigma Alpha | Alpha Sigma Alpha Interactive Timeline (en-US). www.alphasigmaalpha.org (April 1987). Archived from the original on June 18, 2018. Retrieved on June 17, 2018.
  17. ↑ "Service & Giving | Alpha Sigma Alpha", Alpha Sigma Alpha. Retrieved on June 17, 2018. (in en-US)
  18. ↑ "A brief history | Alpha Sigma Alpha", Alpha Sigma Alpha. Retrieved on June 17, 2018. (in en-US)
  19. ↑ S. June Smith – Dr. S. June Smith. S. June Smith Center. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved on April 10, 2011.
  20. ↑ Home | Alpha Sigma Alpha (en-US). Alpha Sigma Alpha. Retrieved on February 3, 2016.
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