Wikipedia

Alpha-fetoprotein

Alfa-fetoprotein (AFP, α-fetoprotein; nke a na-akpọkwa alfa-1-fetoprotein mgbe ụfọdụ, alfa-fetoglobulin, ma ọ bụ protein alfa fetal) bụ protein [1] [2] nke mmadụ na-etinye ya na mkpụrụ ndụ AFP.[3]. [4] Mkpụrụ ndụ AFP dị na q ogwe aka nke chromosome 4 (4q13.3).[5] A na-eji ọkwa serum nke AFP nke nne na-enyocha maka ọrịa Down syndrome, ntụpọ tube neural, na ihe ọjọọ chromosomal ndị ọzọ.. [1]

AFP bụ isi protein plasma nke akpa nkochi imeju na imeju nwa ebu n'afọ na-emepụta n'oge mmepe nwa ebu n'afọ. A na-eche na ọ bụ analog nwa ebu n'afọ nke serum albumin. AFP na-ejikọta na ọla kọpa, nickel, fatty acids na bilirubin[1] ma dị n'ụdị monomeric, dimeric na trimeric..

Ọdịdị ya

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AFP bụ glycoprotein nke 591 amino acid [2] na carbohydrate. [3]

Ọrụ

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A maghị ọrụ AFP na ụmụ mmadụ toro eto. AFP bụ protein plasma kachasị n'ime nwa e bu n'afọ. N'ime nwa e bu n'afọ, ọ bụ imeju na akpa yolk na-emepụta AFP. E kwenyere na ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka protein na-ebute (dị ka albumin) nke na-ebugharị ihe dịka abụba acid na mkpụrụ ndụ.[4] Ọdịdị plasma nne na-arị elu na njedebe nke ọnwa atọ mbụ, ma malite ibelata tupu amụọ nwa n'oge ahụ, wee belata ngwa ngwa mgbe amuchara. A na-enwekarị ogo okenye dị mma n'ime nwa ọhụrụ site na afọ 8 ruo ọnwa 12. Ọ bụ ezie na a maghị ọrụ ya n'ime ụmụ mmadụ, n'ime anụmanụ ọ na-ejikọta estradiol iji gbochie ibugharị nke hormone a gafee Placenta gaa na nwa e bu n'afọ. Ọrụ bụ isi nke a bụ igbochi virilization nke ụmụ nwanyị e bu n'afọ. Dị ka AFP mmadụ anaghị ejikọta estrogen, ọrụ ya n'ime ụmụ mmadụ adịchaghị mma.[5] Na ọrịa kansa imeju mmadụ, a na-ahụ AFP ka ọ na-ejikọta glypican-3 (GPC3), antigen ọzọ nke oncofetal.[6]

Enwere ike iji nnukwu ọgwụ estrogen kpuchie usoro AFP nke ụmụ oke, nke na-eme ka usoro AFP ghara ịdị nwoke ma mee ka nwa e bu n'afọ. Mmetụta nwoke nke estrogen nwere ike iyi ihe na-emegide nghọta ebe ọ bụ na estrogen dị oke mkpa maka mmepe kwesịrị ekwesị nke njirimara nwanyị nke abụọ n'oge uto. Otú ọ dị, nke a abụghị ihe mere tupu a mụọ ya. A chọrọ Hormone Gonadal sitere na testicles, dị ka Testosterone na homonụ na-emegide Müllerian, iji mee ka mmepe nke nwoke phenotypic. Na-enweghị homonụ ndị a, nwa e bu n'afọ ga-etolite n'ime nwanyị phenotypic ọbụlagodi na ọ bụ XY. Mgbanwe nke testosterone n'ime estradiol site na aromatase n'ọtụtụ anụ ahụ nwere ike ịbụ nzọụkwụ dị mkpa n'ịghọ nwoke nke anụ ahụ.[7][8] A na-eche na nwoke nke ụbụrụ na-eme ma site na ntụgharị nke testosterone na estradiol site na aromatase, kamakwa site na de novo synthesis nke estrogen n'ime ụbụrụ.[9][10] Ya mere, AFP nwere ike ichebe nwa e bu n'afọ site na estradiol nne nke ga-enwe mmetụta nwoke na nwa e bu, mana ọrụ ya ka na-ese okwu.

Ọdịdị nke serum

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Nne

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N'ime ụmụ nwanyị dị ime, enwere ike nyochaa ọkwa AFP nke nwa ebu n'afọ na mmamịrị nwanyị dị ime. Ebe ọ bụ na a na-ekpochapụ AFP ngwa ngwa na serum nne site na akụrụ ya, mmamịrị nne AFP na-ejikọta ọkwa ọbara nwa ebu n'afọ, n'agbanyeghị ọkwa mmamịrị nne dị obere karịa ọkwa ọbara nwa ebu n'afọ. Ọkwa AFP na-ebili ruo ihe dị ka izu 32. A na-eme nyocha ọbara ọbara nke nne na 16 ruo 18 izu ime ime.[1] Ọ bụrụ na ọkwa MSAFP na-egosi anomaly, enwere ike ịnye onye ọrịa amniocentesis.

Ụmụ ọhụrụ

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A na-akọ akụkọ dị iche iche nke AFP maka ndị okenye na ụmụaka dị ka ndị na-erubeghị 50, n'okpuru 10, ma ọ bụ n'okpuru 5 ng / ml.[11][12]  Mgbe a mụrụ ya, ụmụ ọhụrụ dị mma nwere ọkwa AFP anọ ma ọ bụ karịa karịa karịa nke a dị mma, nke na-ebelata ruo n'ókè dị mma n'ime afọ mbụ nke ndụ.[13][14][15][16][17][18]

N'oge a, ọnụọgụ nke ọkwa AFP na-agafe ihe dịka usoro abụọ.[15] Nnyocha ziri ezi nke ọkwa AFP na-adịghị mma n'ime ụmụ ọhụrụ ga-eburu n'uche usoro ndị a dị mma.[15]

Ọnọdụ AFP dị elu nwere ike ịbụ nke a na-etinye n'ahụ (lee akara Tumor), nke na-eme ka a kọọ ọkwa ahụ dị ala karịa n'ezie.[19] Nke a dị mkpa maka nyocha nke usoro nyocha nke AFP tumor, dịka ọmụmaatụ n'ihe gbasara nyocha mbụ nke ndị lanarịrị ọrịa kansa, ebe ọnụego mbelata nke AFP nwere uru nchọpụta.

Ihe ọ pụtara n'ihe gbasara ahụike

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  A na-ejikarị nha nke AFP mee ihe na ọnọdụ ụlọ ọgwụ abụọ. Nke mbụ, a na-atụ ya n'ime ụmụ nwanyị dị ime site na nyocha nke ọbara nne ma ọ bụ mmiri ọmụmụ dị ka nyocha nyocha maka ụfọdụ adịghị ike mmepe, dị ka aneuploidy. Nke abụọ, a na-ebuli ọkwa serum AFP elu na ndị nwere etuto ụfọdụ, ya mere a na-eji ya dị ka biomarker iji soro ọrịa ndị a. Edepụtara ụfọdụ n'ime ọrịa ndị a n'okpuru:

  • Nkwarụ ọmụmụ metụtara elu AFP
    • Omphalocele[20][21]
    • Ọrịa Gastroschisis
    • Neural tube defects: ↑ α-fetoprotein na amniotic fluid na maternal serum[22][23]
  • Ọrịa kansa ndị metụtara AFP dị elu
    • Carcinoma nke mkpụrụ ndụ imeju[24]
    • Ọrịa na-efe efe na-emetụta imeju
    • Nonseminomatous germ cell tumorsỌrịa cancer nke mkpụrụ ndụ nje
    • Ọrịa akpụ nke akpa Yolk[22]
  • Ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ metụtara AFP dị elu
    • Ataxia telangiectasia: a na-eji AFP dị elu dị ka otu ihe na nchọpụta [25]

A na-azọrọ na peptide sitere na AFP nke a na-akpọ AFPep nwere ihe mgbochi ọrịa kansa.[26]

N'ọgwụgwọ nke Ọrịa kansa testicular ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa iji kewaa ọdịiche nke seminomatous na non-seminomatous tumors. A na-emekarị nke a n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma mgbe ewepụchara testicle ma kwado ya site na akara tumor. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na ọrịa ahụ bụ seminoma dị ọcha, ọ bụrụgodị na AFP dị elu, a na-emeso akpụ ahụ dị ka akpụ na-abụghị nke na-abụghị ya n'ihi na o nwere ihe ndị mejupụtara yolk sac (nonseminomatous).[27]

Hụkwa

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  • Ihe ịrịba ama nke akpụ
  • AFP-L3
  • Ule Ugboro Atọ
  • Afọ nne

Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ Perry (2014). "8: Nursing Care of the Family During Pregnancy", Maternal Child Nursing Care, Fifth, St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-323-09610-2. OCLC 858005418. 
  2. ↑ (May 1991) "Human alpha-fetoprotein primary structure: a mass spectrometric study". Biochemistry 30 (20): 5061–6. DOI:10.1021/bi00234a032. PMID 1709810. 
  3. ↑ (1995) "Biochemical characteristics and clinical applications of alpha-fetoprotein isoforms". Anticancer Research 15 (4): 1491–9. PMID 7544570. 
  4. ↑ Chen (1997). "Regulation and activities of alpha-fetoprotein". Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 7 (1–2): 11–41. DOI:10.1615/critreveukargeneexpr.v7.i1-2.20. PMID 9034713. 
  5. ↑ Carter CS (2002). "Neuroendocrinology of sexual behavior in the female", in Becker JB: Behavioral Endocrinology. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 88–89. ISBN 978-0-262-52321-9. 
  6. ↑ Zhang (October 2024). "A proteomic atlas of glypican-3 interacting partners: Identification of alpha-fetoprotein and other extracellular proteins as potential immunotherapy targets in liver cancer" (in en). Proteoglycan Research 2 (4). DOI:10.1002/pgr2.70004. ISSN 2832-3556. 
  7. ↑ (December 2000) "Hormones in male sexual development". Genes & Development 14 (24): 3075–86. DOI:10.1101/gad.843800. PMID 11124800. 
  8. ↑ (1992) "Aromatase enzyme activity and sex determination in chickens.". Science 255 (5043): 467–70. DOI:10.1126/science.1734525. PMID 1734525. 
  9. ↑ (2008) "Role for estradiol in female-typical brain and behavioral sexual differentiation.". Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 29 (1): 1–16. DOI:10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.06.001. PMID 17720235. 
  10. ↑ Harding CF (2004). "Hormonal modulation of singing: hormonal modulation of the songbird brain and singing behavior.". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1016 (1): 524–39. DOI:10.1196/annals.1298.030. PMID 15313793. 
  11. ↑ (March 1992) "Alpha-fetoprotein levels in normal adults". The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 303 (3): 157–9. DOI:10.1097/00000441-199203000-00004. PMID 1375809. 
  12. ↑ (February 1977) "Mean alpha-fetoprotein values of 1,333 males over 15 years by age groups". Digestion 15 (2): 97–103. DOI:10.1159/000197990. PMID 65304. 
  13. ↑ (1998) "Alpha 1-fetoprotein (AFP) reference values in infants up to 2 years of age". Pediatric Hematology and Oncology 15 (2): 135–42. DOI:10.3109/08880019809167228. PMID 9592840. 
  14. ↑ (October 1997) "Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in normal children". European Journal of Pediatric Surgery 7 (5): 267–9. DOI:10.1055/s-2008-1071168. PMID 9402482. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 (January 1989) "Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in normal infants: a reappraisal of regression analysis and sex difference". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 8 (1): 19–25. DOI:10.1097/00005176-198901000-00005. PMID 2471821.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "pmid2471821" defined multiple times with different content
  16. ↑ (April 1987) "Plasma alpha fetoprotein reference ranges in infancy: effect of prematurity". Archives of Disease in Childhood 62 (4): 362–9. DOI:10.1136/adc.62.4.362. PMID 2439023. 
  17. ↑ (November 2004) "Alpha-fetoprotein in the early neonatal period--a large study and review of the literature". Clinica Chimica Acta 349 (1–2): 15–23. DOI:10.1016/j.cccn.2004.06.020. PMID 15469851. 
  18. ↑ (1985) "Serum levels of AFP in normal infants: their clinical and physiological significance", Alfa-Fetoprotein and Congenital Disorders. New York: Academic Press, 111–122. 
  19. ↑ (July 2006) "The hook effect: a need for constant vigilance". Annals of Clinical Biochemistry 43 (Pt 4): 314–7. DOI:10.1258/000456306777695726. PMID 16824284. 
  20. ↑ (September 1990) "[Alpha fetoprotein concentration in the amniotic fluid in normal pregnancy and in pregnancy complicated by fetal anomaly]" (in hu). Orvosi Hetilap 131 (39): 2139–42. PMID 1699194. 
  21. ↑ (December 2005) "Down syndrome screening in the first and second trimesters: what do the data show?". Seminars in Perinatology 29 (6): 367–75. DOI:10.1053/j.semperi.2006.01.001. PMID 16533649. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Tao p 1
  23. ↑ (2012) "First-trimester screening for neural tube defects using alpha-fetoprotein". Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy 31 (2): 109–14. DOI:10.1159/000335677. PMID 22377693. 
  24. ↑ Ertle (2013). "A combination of α-fetoprotein and des-γ-carboxy prothrombin is superior in detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.". Digestion 87 (2): 121–31. DOI:10.1159/000346080. PMID 23406785. 
  25. ↑ (October 2005) "Molecular pathology of ataxia telangiectasia". Journal of Clinical Pathology 58 (10): 1009–15. DOI:10.1136/jcp.2005.026062. PMID 16189143. 
  26. ↑ (April 2000) "Alpha-fetoprotein-derived antiestrotrophic octapeptide". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease 1501 (1): 33–43. DOI:10.1016/S0925-4439(00)00008-9. PMID 10727847. 
  27. ↑ (September 1975) "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol 24 (17): 1639–41. DOI:10.1016/0006-2952(75)90094-5. PMID 10. 
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