Alicia Cawiya
Alicia Cawiya ma ọ bụ Cahuiya[1] bụ osote onye isi oche nke mba Huaorani nke Ecuador na otu n'ime ndị isi na-eme ngagharị iwe megide nrigbu mmanụ na mpaghara ya. N'afọ 2013, o kwuru okwu na nzuko omeiwu Ecuador iji chebe basin Amazon n'aka ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ.
Ndụ
dezieOge ọ bụ nwata
dezieA mụrụ Cawiya n'obodo Ñoneno, na mpaghara Yasuní na Ecuador. A maara nne nne ya, Iteca, dị ka onye agha Huaorani a na-atụ egwu.[1]
Mgbe Cawiya bụ nwata, e zigara ya ka ọ zụlite ya site n'aka ndị ozi ala ọzọ, bụ ndị nwere ọrụ nke "ịmepe ndị na-emepe emepe" ka ndị ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ nwee ike ịkwaga n'ókèala ụmụ amaala n'enweghị mmegide, ọ bụ ezie na Iteca kpọghachitere ya n'ime ọhịa.[1]
Ndụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
dezieN'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na New Internationalist, Cawiya kwuru na ọ malitere itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mgbe ọ dị afọ 13. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asatọ, ọ bụ onye ndu, na-agbaso nzọụkwụ nke nne nne ya n'obodo ndị nwoke na-achịkwa.[1] Ọ ghọrọ osote onye isi oche nke National Waorani Federation (NAWE) na na 2005 ya na ndị isi obodo hiwere Asociación de Mujeres Waorani del Ecuador (Ecuador Waorani Women Association), nke nwere ugbu a ihe dị ka ụmụ nwanyị 300. Ebumnuche nke otu a bụ ichekwa ụdị ndụ ndị mmadụ na-ebi na ịlụso ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ọgụ
N'afọ 2013, o mere akụkọ akụkọ mgbe ọ gbachitere ndị ya wee kwuo okwu na nzuko omeiwu Ecuador na-arịọ ka ọ kwụsị atụmatụ Yasuní-ITT na mbubata nke ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na Amazon.
Esemokwu ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na Ecuador
dezieKemgbe 1972, Ecuador bụ onye na-ebupụ mmanụ dị mkpa na South America - nke atọ mgbe Venezuela na Mexico gasịrị. Akụrụngwa etinyere iji wepụta mmanụ ahụ metụtara mpaghara Ecuadorian Amazon ma mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.[2]
Otu n'ime ihe atụ ndị a ma ama bụ ikpe Texaco-Chevron. Ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ America a rụrụ ọrụ na mpaghara Amazon nke Ecuador n'etiti afọ 1964 na 1992. N'oge a, Texaco gwuru olulu mmiri 339 n'ọhịa mmanụ 15 ma gbahapụ olulu mmiri na-egbu egbu 627, yana ihe ndị ọzọ nke akụrụngwa mmanụ. A maara ugbu a na a na-eji teknụzụ ndị a na-emetọ ihe nke ukwuu ma bụrụ nke na-adịghịzi adị ugbu a dị ka ụzọ isi belata mmefu.[3]
Mgbe ụlọ ọrụ ahụ hapụrụ mba ahụ, gọọmentị malitere usoro iwu iji nweta ụgwọ ọrụ, ebe ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gbalịrị izere ịkwụ ụgwọ nde dollar 19. Esemokwu a were ihe karịrị afọ iri abụọ ruo mgbe na June 2017, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States kpebiri na Texaco-Chevron. Ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe n'Ecuador ekwuola na ha ga-anọgide na-anwa ime ka ụlọ ọrụ ndị a bụrụ ndị ikpe ziri ezi.[4]
N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2013, gọọmentị Ecuador kwupụtara na ha na-erigbu mpaghara Yasuní na ogige 43, nke a maara nke ọma dị ka ITT (Ishpingo, Tiputini na Tambococha), nke a na-eche na ọ ga-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na akụ na ụba.[5]
Okwu Cawiya
dezieN'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2013, ndị omebe iwu nọ na Quito gbakọtara iji kwurịta atụmatụ Yasuní-ITT. A kpọrọ Cawiya ka ọ sonye dị ka osote onye isi ala nke Huaorani Nation nke Ecuador, a na-atụkwa anya na ọ ga-agụ akwụkwọ edemede nke onye isi ala ya, Chief Moi Enomenga nyere ya. Okwu ahụ batara n'igwu mmanụ n'ala nna ya na isi mmiri nke Osimiri Amazon. [6]
Mgbe Cawiya biliri ikwu okwu, ọ megidere onye isi ala ya na gọọmentị wee kwuo okwu nke ya, [1] nke mbụ n'asụsụ Huaorani nke ya, mesịakwa n'asụsụ Spanish, na-akatọ ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ma na-ekwuchitere ndị ya. Ọ kwuru banyere mmetụta ọjọọ nke igwu mmanụ na Amazon ma bo ọtụtụ ndị na-akwado mgbukpọ ọhịa na ọnwụ nke ụfọdụ ụmụ amaala.
Okwu Cawiya ezughị iji gbanwee mkpebi nke Mgbakọ Ndị Na-ahụ Maka Ọchịchị, na mkpagbu Yasuní-TT nabatara site na 108 ruo 133 votes. Owuwu nke akụrụngwa malitere na 2016.[7]
Nsonaazụ ya
dezieMgbe okwu ya gasịrị, Cawiya natara egwu ọnwụ. [citation needed], ọ bụ ezie na nke a egbochighị ọrụ ya. Ọ na-aga n'ihu na-akwado obodo ya dị ka onye ndú nke AMWAE .
Ihe nrite
dezieN'ọnwa Nọvemba 2023, a kpọrọ aha Cawiya na ndepụta ụmụ nwanyị 100 nke BBC. [8]
Ntụaka
dezie- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "One woman against Big Oil and patriarchy", New Internationalist, 2017-03-01. Retrieved on 2017-07-25. (in en)"One woman against Big Oil and patriarchy". New Internationalist. 1 March 2017. Retrieved 25 July 2017. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Ortiz (1995). Marea negra en la Amazonia: conflictos socioambientales vinculados a la actividad petrolera en el Ecuador (in es). Editorial Abya Yala. ISBN 9789978041468.
- ↑ Pigrau. "Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental", The Texaco-Chevron Case in Ecuador: Law and Justice in the Age of Globalization, July 27, 2014. Retrieved on July 24, 2017.
- ↑ "Victoria para Chevron en caso de contaminación en Ecuador, concede la Corte Suprema de Estados Unidos", El Universo, 2017-06-19. Retrieved on 2017-07-24. (in es-LA)
- ↑ Telégrafo. "El ITT se ubica como la fuente más importante de ingresos", El Telégrafo, 2013-09-30. Retrieved on 2017-07-24. (in es-LA)
- ↑ "One woman against Big Oil and patriarchy", New Internationalist, 2017-03-01. Retrieved on 2017-07-24. (in en)
- ↑ La Historia – Yasuní-ITT: Empieza la explotación petrolera en polémico bloque de la Amazonía (es-ES). lahistoria.ec. Retrieved on 2017-07-25.
- ↑ BBC 100 Women 2023: Who is on the list this year? (en-GB). BBC News (November 23, 2023). Retrieved on 2023-11-24.