Alice Seeley Harris

Alice, Lady Harris (née Seeley; 24 Mee 1870 - 24 Nọvemba 1970) [1] [2] bụ onye ozi ala ọzọ Bekee na onye na-ese foto mbụ. Foto ya nyere aka ikpughe mmegide ndị ruuru mmadụ na Congo Free State n'okpuru ọchịchị Eze Leopold II nke Belgium.

Ezinụlọ na mmalite

A mụrụ Alice Seeley na Malmesbury na Aldred na Caroline Seeley. Nwanne ya nwanyị, Caroline Alfreda Seeley, bụ onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ.

Na 1894, ọ zutere di ya n'ọdịnihu John Harris. N'ikpeazụ na 1897, mgbe afọ asaa nke mgbalị gasịrị, a nabatara Alice ka ọ gaa Congo Free State. Obere oge ka nke ahụ gasịrị, Alice na John lụrụ na 6 Mee 1898 n'ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ aha na London.

Ha mụrụ ụmụ anọ: Alfred John, Margaret Theodora, Katherine Emmerline (nke a maara dị ka "Bay") na Noel Lawrence. Alice nọrọ ọtụtụ afọ na Frome na Somerset wee nwụọ mgbe ọ dị afọ 100 na 1970 na Lockner Holt na Guildford, Surrey.

Ọrụ

  N’afọ 1889, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Alice banyere n’Òtù Ndị Ọrụ Obodo ma mesịa họpụta ya n’ụlọ ọrụ Akaụntụ General na General Post Office, London. Alice nyere oge ohere ya n'ọrụ mgbasa ozi Frederick Brotherton Meyer na Regent's Park Chapel na emesịa Christ Church, Lambeth.

Alice hapụrụ ndị ọrụ obodo ịbanye Doric Lodge, kọleji ọzụzụ nke Regions Beyond Missionary Union. Ụbọchị anọ ka e mesịrị, dị ka ezumike ezumike ya, Alice so John na ụgbọ mmiri SS Cameroon gaa Congo Free State dị ka ndị ozi ala ọzọ na Congo-Balolo Mission. Ha bịarutere na Kongo ka ọnwa atọ gachara, na 4 Ọgọst 1898, wee gaa njem na ọdụ Mission Ikau dị nso na Basankusu. Ihe ahụ ọ hụrụ n’ebe ahụ tụrụ ya n’anya ma malite ịgbasa ozi ka a nabata ikike mmadụ nke ndị Congo.

Onye na-eme mkpọsa

Ihe osise oriọna a na-akpọ "The Congo Atrocities" nke na-egosi nwa agbọghọ nwere nkwarụ (akụkụ nke Alice Seeley Harris, onye ya na di ya jiri ihe osise ndị a mee ihe ngosi oriọna anwansi gafee mba ahụ iji mee ka ọha na eze mara ikpe na-ezighị ezi megide ndị ọrụ Congo).

Alice nọnyere di ya John site na 1898 ruo 1901 n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị na Ikau, dị nso na Osimiri Lulonga, nke bụ mpaghara osimiri Congo na mpaghara Balolo Tribal. E mesịa, site na 1901 ruo 1905, ha guzoro n’ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè dị na Baringa, bụ́ obodo nta dị na Tshuapa District, Befale Territory, nke dị ugbu a Democratic Republic of Congo. Ọ na-eguzo n'akụkụ mmiri nke Maringa, ihe dịka 100 km na mgbago ugwu site na Basankusu.

N'oge ọ nọ na Congo, Alice kụziiri ụmụaka nọ n'ógbè ahụ Bekee, mana onyinye ya kachasị mkpa bụ iji foto mmerụ ahụ ndị obodo Congo nwere n'aka ndị ọrụ na ndị agha nke Eze Leopold nke Abụọ nke Belgium. Leopold nọ na-erigbu ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ n'ụzọ siri ike iji rite uru site na ịrị elu nke ọchịchọ rọba mgbe John Boyd Dunlop mepụtara taya pneumatic ma ọ bụ inflatable na Belfast na 1887. Ụzọ ndị a na-eji amanye mmadụ gụnyere ịpịa ụtarị, ijide mmadụ, ndina n'ike, igbu ọchụ na ịgba ubi na obodo ọkụ.

Nsala nke Wala na Congo na-ele anya n'aka na ụkwụ nke nwa ya nwanyị dị afọ ise.

Ihe omume obi ọjọọ a ma ama na nke na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ, nke Harris jidere na foto ya, bụ igbupụ aka. N'afọ 1904, ndị ikom abụọ si n'obodo nta nke 'ndị nche' nke Ụlọ ọrụ Abir Congo (ABIR) wakporo mgbe ha na-enyeghị rọba zuru ezu. Otu n'ime ndị ikom ahụ, Nsala, na-ejide obere ụyọkọ akwụkwọ nke mgbe ọ meghere na-ekpughe aka na ụkwụ nke nwatakịrị. Ndị nche gburu ma merụọ nwunye Nsala na nwa ya nwanyị. N'ịbụ onye ụjọ jidere, Alice mere ka Nsala jiri ozu nwa ya mee ihe na veranda nke ụlọ ya maka foto.

Na mbido, e ji foto Alice mee ihe na Regions Beyond, magazin nke Congo Balolo Mission. N'afọ 1902, ndị Harris laghachiri na Britain nwa oge. N'afọ 1904, foto Alice ruru nkesa sara mbara gụnyere Congo Slavery, akwụkwọ nta nke Mrs. H. Grattan-Guinness, nwunye onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Regions Beyond, kwadebere, na ọchịchị Eze Leopold na Africa nke E. D. Morel. N'otu afọ ahụ, Morel guzobere Congo Reform Association.

N'afọ 1906, Alice na John Harris malitere ịrụ ọrụ maka Morel's Congo Reform Association. Na mbido 1906, ha Alice gara United States. John dere na ha gosipụtara ihe oyiyi ya na nzukọ 200 na obodo 49 site na ngosipụta ọkụ anwansi. Na Disemba 1906, akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa ụbọchị New York American jiri foto Harris gosipụta isiokwu gbasara arụrụala na Congo ruo otu izu.

N'afọ 1908, di na nwunye ahụ ghọrọ ndị odeakwụkwọ na-ahazi nke Congo Reform Association na, n'ọnwa Eprel 1910, ha ghọrọ ndị ode akwụkwọ na-ahapụ Anti-Slavery and Aborigines' Protection Society. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ hapụrụ ọkwa ya, mana o nyere John aka na Society ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1940. Ọ gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ikwu okwu ya ma depụta ya na Christy's Lecture Service n'akụkụ Winston Churchill na Ernest Shackleton.

N'ọnwa Nọvemba 1908, Leopold nke Abụọ nyere gọọmentị Belgian nchịkwa nke Congo Free State, si otú a mepụta Belgian Congo. Ndị Harris laghachiri na Congo site na 1911-12, na-esote nnyefe nke Congo na Belgium. Ha kwuru na ọnọdụ ka mma na ọgwụgwọ nke ụmụ amaala ma mesịa mepụta akwụkwọ, Present Conditions in the Congo, nke e ji foto Alice mee ihe. N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, e gosipụtara ọtụtụ narị foto akụkọ Africa nke Alice na ngosi na Colonial Institution.

N'afọ 1933, ọ ghọrọ Lady Harris mgbe e mere di ya knight, mana a maara ya maka ịsị, "akpọla m Lady!"

N'afọ 1970, Alice gbara afọ 100 ma BBC Radio 4 gbara ya ajụjụ ọnụ na mmemme akpọrọ Women of Our Time .

Ọ bụ onye mbụ gbara otu narị afọ ịbụ onye otu Frome Society for Local Study, nke debere ihe ncheta dị nso n'ebe ọ bi na Frome.   

Ihe Nketa

• Site na 16 Jenụwarị ruo 7 Machị 2014, Autograph ABP na Rivington Place, London mere ihe ngosi akpọrọ When Harmony Went to Hell - Congo Dialogues: Alice Seeley Harris and Sammy Baloji
• Site na 24 Jenụwarị ruo 7 Septemba 2014, International Slavery Museum dị na Liverpool mere ihe ngosi akpọrọ Brutal Exposure: Congo lekwasịrị anya na foto Alice.
• N'afọ 2017, a kpughere ihe ncheta na Merchants Barton, Frome, iji cheta ndụ na ọrụ Seeley. Ihe ncheta ahụ na-agụ, "Alice Seeley, Lady Harris Anti-slavery campaigner, photographer, missionary to the Congo, artist, scurge of King Leopold II of the Belgium, biri na 3 Merchants Barton 1882 - 1888 Born Malmesbury 24 May 1870. nwụrụ Guildford 24 November 1970".

Hụkwa

• Obi ọjọọ na Congo Free State
• Agha mgbasa ozi nke Free State Congo
• Foto ndị e sere n'akwụkwọ
• Nwaanyị Ọhụrụ