Alice Lakey
Alice Lakey (October 14, 1857 - June 18, 1935) bụ onye aghandọrọ America na-akwado nri dị ọcha na iji ego . [1] Lakey hụrụ ihe, dee, na lobbie nke ukwuu. O nyere aka n'inweta akwụkwọ iwu Federal Pure Food and Drug Act nke 1906, yana n'ịmepụta iwu steeti iji chebe ogo mmiri ara ehi na 1909. [2] N'oge anabataghị ụmụ anụmanụ vootu, a na-ekwu na ọ bụ onye chị ndepụta ihe otu nde ụmụ ide akwụkwọ ozi nkwado nri na ọgwụ site n'ahụ ya na otu ụmụ na-arụ ọrụ. [1] [2]
Alice Lakey | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born |
14 Ọktoba 1857 Shanesville, Ohio, USA |
| Died | Juunu 18, 1935 (aged 77) Cranford, New Jersey, USA |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Food safety activist, Pure Food and Drug Act |
Ndụ mmalite na ezinụlọ
dezie[3]A Arice Alice Lakey na Ọktoba 14, 1857, nye Charles D. Lakey na Ruth (Jacques) Lakey nke Shanesville, Ohio. Nna ya bụ onye America, nne ya si England. Na mbụ onye ozi Methodist, Charles mechara ọrụ na ahịa. Nne Alice nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afụ isii, nna ya lụ-elu di na egosi, nye onye na-ese ihe Emily Jane Jackson. Ezin ahụ ahụ kwagara Cleveland, Ohio, na Chicago, Illinois, na n'ikpeazụ gaa New York City
[4]Lakey akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na Chicago, na site na 1872 ruo 1874 na St. Mary's Hall, Burlington, New Jersey . N'oge ahụ, St. Mary bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ Episcopal maka ụmụ anụmanụ, ụlọ mbụ na United States na-enye ihe ochie nke yiri nke ahụ maka ụmụ nwoke nwoke.
[3]N'ime afọ iri abụọ ya, Alice Lakey ike olu na Florence, Paris na London, [1] nke nne nkuchi ya Emily na-achị. A mezzo-soprano, Lakey ka ngosira nke ọma maka mmemme ya na London. Ọ la dị iche na United States na 1888, na-ezube vidiyoso ọrụ opera, mana ọ dara ọrịa. Ọ bụ onye na-adịghị mma maka ọtụtụ n'ime afọ iri atọ ya, site na 1888 ruo 1896
Njikọ Mmelite Obodo Cranford
dezieNa 1896, Charles, Emily na Alice Lakey kwagara Cranford, New Jersey. Ahụ́ ike Alice kara mma, ọkwara akara ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ na Cranford na New York okwu. Mgbe Emily nwụrụ n'October 1896, Alice weere ọrụ isiokwu nke. Nna ya nwere ike n'ihe ihe nri, Alice ngwaọrụ na nri nri na nri[3] [2]
N'aha otu ahụ Lakey kpọtụụrụ ngalaba na-ahụ maka ọrụ ugbo ka ọ rịọ ka mmadụ gwa ọgbakọ ahụ gbasara nri merụrụ ure. Na 1903, Harvey Wiley, onye isi nke Bureau of Chemistry, bịara Cranford ikwu okwu. Wiley nọ na-ewu njikọ iji kwado iwu nri na ọgwụ mba. [5] Atụpụtala ihe karịrị otu narị iwu ndị dị otú ahụ mana ọ nweghị nke agafela. [6]
Mgbatị na ọkwa mba
dezieThe Pure Food Movement
dezieLakes, onye na-anụ ọkụ n'obi na-akwado mgbasa ozi Harvey Wiley maka iwu nri na ọgwụ obodo, wee malite njem na nkuzi nye otu ụmụ anụmanụ. [1] Lakey mere ka ndị otu Cranford kwenye na New Jersey State Federation of Women's Clubs Congress ka ha wepụta iwu etiti maka iwu nri na ọgwụ dị ọcha ọcha. [2]
[1]Dị ka isi nke "n'ime ụgbọ nke strategists", Alice Lakey, Harvey Wiley, na ndị ikom a anọ ndị ọzọ zutere President Theodore Roosevelt na 1905. [1] Roosevelt gwara ha ka ha weta akwụkwọ ozi bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ Nkwado nke iwu ahụ n'ihu Congress, na-ekwu na ya ga-enyere ha aka ịfefe deling ahụ. N'ihi mbọ Lakey na ndị ọzọ gbara, ihe ụmụaka otu nde ụmụ dere akwụkwọ ozi na-akwado omume ahụ. Na June 30, 1906, Onye isi ala Roosevelt bịanyere aka na-enye ahụ, na Iwu Nri na Ọgwụgwọ dị Ọcha. [2] [5] [7] [8]
O nwekwara lobbied maka nchebe nke mmiri ara ehi. [9] Na 1906, ọ bụ naanị nwanyị a họpụtara dị ka onye ọrụ ikike nke Kọmitii Milk New York, [1] bụ ebe ya na Franklin D. Roosevelt jere ozi. [5] Lakey metụtara ide iwu na ọkwa steeti site n'aka Senator Joseph S. Frelinghuysen . [9] Frelinghuysen webatara akwụkwọ iwu iji guzobe Commission Milk Medical nke nwere ike igosipụta nchekwa na ịdị mma nke mmiri ara ehi na Senate New Jersey wee kwado ya na Eprel 21, 1909. [10] [11] Ọ ghọrọ ihe nlereanya maka steeti ndị ọzọ, ma nyere aka igbochi adịghị ike n'ọkwa gọọmenti etiti nke iwu. [9]
Na 1933, Lakey weghachiri eweghachi otu American Pure Food League, nke ghọworo ụra, ka ọ banye maka Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act nke 1938. [5]
Lakey bụ onye na-akwado ịhọpụta ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị osote onye isi oche nke Equal Franchise Society of New Jersey, nke e hiwere na 1910. Ụmụ nwanyị nwetara votu na United States na 1920. [12]
Ihe nrite, nsọpụrụ na ebe nchekwa
dezieA họpụtara Lakey ka ọ bụrụ National Institute of Social Sciences . [13] [14] O nyere aka na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya wee jee ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke New Jersey State Liberty Medal Committee nke National Institute of Social Sciences. [15] [16] : 79
Lakey bụ nwanyị mbụ e depụtara na onye bụ onye . [2]
Ihe ndekọ akụkọ banyere Lakey na ọrụ ya bụ akụkụ nke Harvey W. Wiley Papers na National Consumer League Papers na Library of Congress . A na-etinyekwa ihe n'ime ndekọ nke Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke United States na nchịkwa nri na ọgwụ ọjọọ na National Archives and Records Administration na Washington National Records Center . [5]
Ọnwụ
dezieAlice Lakey nwụrụ na June 18, 1935, ebe ọ na-arịa ọrịa obi. A na-eme mmemme n'ụlọ ya, nke onye isi oche nke Trinity Episcopal Church, Cranford, nke ọ bụ onye otu ya na-edu. E liri Alice Lakey na ili ozu Fairview, Westfield, New Jersey . [17]
Nkọwapụta
dezie- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Miss Alice Lakey dead in Cranford", The New York Times, 19 June 1935. Retrieved on 14 June 2019. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "NYTObituary" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Redman (2000). "Alice Lakey (1857–1935)", Food Safety: A Reference Handbook, 2nd, Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, 138–139. ISBN 978-1-59884-048-3. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Redman" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Women's Project of New Jersey (1997). "Alice Lakey, 1857–1935", in Burstyn: Past and Promise: Lives of New Jersey Women. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 161–163. ISBN 978-0-8156-0418-1. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Moffett" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Our History. Doane Academy. Retrieved on 13 June 2019.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Young (1899). "Lakey, Alice (14 October 1857–18 June 1935)". American National Biography. DOI:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1501047. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Young" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Price (2015). Vitamania : how vitamins revolutionalized the way we think about food. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 9780698192218. Retrieved on 14 June 2019.
- ↑ Janssen (June 1981). "The Story of the Laws Behind the Labels". FDA Consumer 15 (5): 32–45. Retrieved on 13 June 2019.
- ↑ Sullivan (1927). Our Times: The United States 1900–1925. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 521–534.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Goodwin (1999). The pure food, drink, and drug crusaders, 1879-1914. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, Incorporated Publishers. ISBN 0786427426. Retrieved on 13 June 2019.
- ↑ Heineman (1919). Milk. Philadelphia: W. B. Sauders Company, 488–490. Retrieved on 13 June 2019.
- ↑ American Association of Medical Milk Commissions (1909). Proceedings of the third annual conference of the American Association of Medical Milk Commissions: held at the St. Charles Hotel, Atlantic City, New Jersey, Monday, June 17, 1909.
- ↑ Stanton (March 13, 2018). Votes for women : complete history of the women's suffrage movement in U.S. (including biographies & memoirs of most influential suffragettes) : Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Alice Paul, Lucy Stone, Carrie Chapman Catt, Susan B. Anthony, Anna Howard Shaw, Jane Addams. Madison & Adams Press. ISBN 9788026884774. Retrieved on 14 June 2019.
- ↑ (1917) in Scannell: Scannell's New Jersey first citizens : biographies and portraits of the notable living men and women of New Jersey with informing glimpses into the state's history and affairs. Paterson, N.J.: J.J. Scannell, 317–318. Retrieved on 13 June 2019.
- ↑ Early History. The National Institute of Social Sciences. Retrieved on 13 June 2019.
- ↑ National Institute of Social Sciences (June 1, 1919). "Activities of members". Journal of the National Institute of Social Sciences / Journal of the American Social Science Association 5: 218–219. Retrieved on 13 June 2019.
- ↑ National Institute of Social Sciences (July 1, 1920). "Activities of members". Journal of the National Institute of Social Sciences / Journal of the American Social Science Association: 139–140. Retrieved on 13 June 2019.
- ↑ Finneran (1971). in James: Notable American Women, 1607–1950; A Biographical Dictionary. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 360-361. ISBN 9780674627314.
Isi mmalite ndị ọzọ
dezie- Anderson (1958). The health of a nation; Harvey W. Wiley and the fight for pure food. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Bird (1976). Enterprising women, 1st, New York: Norton. ISBN 9780393087246.
- Young (1989). Pure food : securing the Federal Food and Drugs Act of 1906. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400860326.
- Janssen (1990). "Clubwomen and Their Fight for Food and Drug Laws". GFWC Clubwoman 68 (June/July): 16–18, 44–45.