Wikipedia

Alice Herz-Sommer

 

Alice Herz-Sommer, nke a makwaara dị ka Alice Herz (26 Nọvemba 1903 – 23 Febụwarị 2014), bụ onye pianist oge ochie nke Israel, onye nkuzi egwu na onye isi narị afọ nke lanarịrị ogige ịta ahụhụ Theresienstadt. Ọ dịrị ndụ afọ 40 n'Izrel, tupu ọ kwaga London na 1986, bụ ebe o biri ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ, na mgbe ọ dị afọ 110, ọ bụ onye lanarịrị Oké Mgbukpọ a kacha mara amara n'ụwa ruo mgbe a ghọtara Yisrael Kristal dị ka nke a.[1][2]

Oge ọ malitere

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A mụrụ Alice Herz na Prague, na ala eze Bohemia (akụkụ nke Austria-Hungary) na Czech Republic nke oge a, nye Friedrich na Sofie "Gigi" Herz. Ezinụlọ Herz so na obere ndị Juu na-asụ German na Prague, ọ bụ ezie na Herz kwuru na ya na-asụkwa Czech. Nna ya bụ onye ahịa na nne ya gụrụ akwụkwọ nke ukwuu ma banye n'òtù ndị edemede a ma ama. O nwere ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ, gụnyere ejima, Mariana, na ụmụnne abụọ. Nne na nna ya na-agba ọsọ ebe a na-eme omenala ebe Herz, mgbe ọ bụ nwata, zutere ndị edemede gụnyere Franz Kafka na Franz Werfel, ndị na-ede egwú gụnyere Gustav Mahler, ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma, na ndị ọkà mmụta dị ka Sigmund Freud. Herz kwuru n'otu oge na "Kafka bụ nwoke dịtụ iche. Ọ na-abịa n'ụlọ anyị, soro nne m nọdụ na-ekwurịta okwu, karịsịa banyere ihe odide ya. Ọ naghị ekwu ọtụtụ okwu, kama ọ hụrụ n'anya jụụ na ọdịdị. Anyị na-aga n'ihu ugboro ugboro. M na-echeta na Kafka kpọgara anyị n'ebe mara mma na mpụga Prague, anyị nọdụrụ n'oche ma kọọrọ anyị akụkọ." Ọkà ihe ọmụma ndị Juu a ma ama n’asụsụ German, odeakụkọ, onye na-agụ akwụkwọ, na onye Zayọn bụ́ onye mesịrị rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye na-agụ akwụkwọ na Jerusalem mgbe ọ si Austria pụọ..[3][4]

Nwanne Herz nke okenye bụ Irma kụziiri ya otu esi akpọ piano, nke ọ mụrụ nke ọma, onye Austria-Jewish pianist Artur Schnabel, enyi ezinụlọ ahụ, gbara ya ume ịchụso ọrụ dị ka onye na-agụ egwú oge ochie, nhọrọ o kpebiri ime.[5] Ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ ihe n'okpuru onye na-akpọ piano Czech Václav Štěpán (1889-1944) na German Academy of Music na Prague, ebe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ kachasị nta.[4] Herz lụrụ onye ọchụnta ego na onye na-egwu egwu Leopold Sommer na 1931; di na nwunye ahụ mụrụ nwa nwoke, Stephan (nke e mechara mara dị ka Raphael, 1937-2001). [6][7] Ọ malitere inye egwu ma mee onwe ya aha gafee Europe ruo mgbe ndị Nazi weghaara Prague, ebe ọ bụ na ha ekweghị ka ndị Juu rụọ ọrụ n'ihu ọha, sonye na asọmpi egwu ma ọ bụ kụziere ụmụ akwụkwọ na-abụghị ndị Juu.[4]

Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ

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Mgbe mwakpo nke Czechoslovakia gasịrị, ọtụtụ ndị ezinụlọ Herz-Sommer na ndị enyi si na Romania kwaga Israel, gụnyere Max Brod na ọgọ nwoke Felix Weltsch, mana Herz-Sommer nọrọ na Prague ilekọta nne ya na-arịa ọrịa, Sofie, dị afọ 72. ; E jidere ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ahụ ma gbuo Sofie Herz n'ogige ịta ahụhụ.[1] Na July 1943 Herz zigara Theresienstadt, ebe ọ na-egwuri egwu n'ihe karịrị 100 concerts tinyere ndị ọzọ na-egwu egwú, na-eme iberibe site Beethoven, Bach, Brahms, Schumann, na Chopin n'etiti ndị ọzọ Czech composers[2] maka ndị mkpọrọ na ndị nche.[3] O kwuru maka mmemme ya na ogige ahụ:

Anyị ga-egwuri egwu n'ihi na Red Cross na-abịa ugboro atọ n'afọ. Ndị Germany chọrọ igosi ndị nnọchi anya ya na ọnọdụ ndị Juu nọ na Theresienstadt dị mma. Mgbe ọ bụla m maara na enwere m egwu, enwere m obi ụtọ. Egwú bụ anwansi. Anyị rụrụ ọrụ n'ụlọ nzukọ ahụ n'ihu ndị okenye 150, ndị na-enweghị olileanya, ndị ọrịa na ndị agụụ na-agụ. Ha biri ndụ maka egwu. Ọ dị ka nri nye ha. Ọ bụrụ na ha abịaghị [ị nụ anyị], ha gaara anwụ ogologo oge tupu mgbe ahụ. Dị ka anyị ga-enwe.[4]

Herz-Sommer na nwa ya nwoke biri n'oge ha nọ n'ogige ahụ; ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụaka ole na ole lanarịrị Theresienstadt. Di ya nwụrụ na ọrịa typhus na Dachau, izu isii tupu a tọhapụ ogige ahụ.[3][7]

 
Ndị na-akpọ piano Alice Herz-Sommer (n'aka ekpe) na Luiza Borac 2010 na London

Mgbe nnwere onwe Soviet nke Theresienstadt na 1945, ya na Raphael laghachiri Prague, na Machị 1949 kwagara Israel, ka ya na ụfọdụ n'ime ezinụlọ ya dị ndụ, gụnyere ejima ya, Mariana.[4] Herz biri na Israel ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 40, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi egwu na Jerusalem Academy of Music, ruo mgbe ọ kwagara London na 1986.

Na London, Herz-Sommer biri nso n'ezinụlọ ya n'otu ụlọ dị na Belsize Park, ndị enyi ya kacha nso, nwa nwa ya Ariel Sommer, na nwunye nwa ya Genevieve Sommer na-eleta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kwa ụbọchị. Ọ na-amụta ịkpọ piano awa atọ n'ụbọchị ruo ọgwụgwụ ndụ ya. O kwuru na nchekwube bụ isi ihe kpatara ndụ ya:

Ana m ele ihe ọma anya. Mgbe ị na-ezu ike, ahụ gị na-eju ike mgbe niile. Mgbe ị na-enweghị nchekwube, ahụ gị na-akpa àgwà n'ụzọ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. Ọ dị anyị n'aka ma anyị na-ele ihe ọma ma ọ bụ ihe ọjọọ anya. Mgbe ị dị mma n'ebe ndị ọzọ nọ, ha dị mma n"ebe ị nọ. Mgbe ị na-enye, ị na-enweta.[4]

O kwupụtakwara nkwenye siri ike n'ike nke egwu: "Egwuregwu zọpụtara ndụ m na egwu zọpụtara m ka... Abụ m onye Juu, mana Beethoven bụ okpukpe m. "[8]

Nwa ya nwoke Raphael, onye na-eme ihe nkiri cello na onye nduzi, nwụrụ n'afọ 2001, mgbe ọ dị afọ 64, site na aneurysm na Israel na njedebe nke njem egwu. Nwunye ya na ụmụ nwoke abụọ hapụrụ ya.[3][7]

Alice Herz-Sommer nwụrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị na London na 23 Febụwarị 2014, mgbe ọ dị afọ 110, mgbe a nabatara ya ụbọchị abụọ gara aga. [9][10] Nwa nwa ya, Ariel Sommer, kwadoro ọnwụ ya.[11] E liri ya na St Pancras na Islington Cemetery na East Finchley, n'ebe ugwu London.

N'oge ndụ ya niile, Alice Herz-Sommer nọgidere na-akpọsa:

Ana m ekele maka ndụ. Ndụ bụ onyinye.[12]

Mgbasa ozi

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A Century of Wisdom: Lessons From the Life of Alice Herz-Sommer the World's Oldest Living Holocaust Survivor (2012), na mmeghe nke Onye isi ala Václav Havel, e dere banyere ndụ ya ma sụgharịa ya na mba 26. [13] [14][15] Herz-Sommer bụ isiokwu nke A Garden of Eden in Hell, nke mbụ e bipụtara na German na 2005 (e bipụtaghachiri na Bekee dị ka Alice's Piano).

Ihe ngosi BBC TV Alice Sommer Herz na 106: Everything Is a Present, nke Christopher Nupen dere ma mepụta, bụ nke mbụ a na-agbasa na BBC Four.[16] E gosipụtara ya na BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour na 2004 na The Times, [17] na The Guardian. [18][19] Ọ bụ otu n'ime isiokwu abụọ gosipụtara na ihe nkiri Refuge in Music . [20]

The Lady in Number 6, nke e mere mgbe Herz dị afọ 109, na-edekọ ndụ ya ma merie Academy Award maka Best Short Documentary. [21] [22]

Abụ "Dancing Under the Gallows", nke Chris While na Julie Matthews, sitere na abọm ha nke afọ 2014 bụ Who We Are, na-eme emume ndụ Alice Herz-Sommer.[23]

Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ Tom Gross, "The Lady In Number 6", 12 November 2010; accessed 13 November 2014.
  2. ↑ Obituary, The New York Times, 28 February 2014; accessed 13 November 2014.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "The Woman Who Remembers Mahler" by Alex Ross, The New Yorker, 26 November 2013
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 "Oldest Holocaust survivor, Alice Herz-Sommer, dies at 110", Haaretz, 23 February 2014; accessed 13 November 2014.
  5. ↑ "The Lady in Number 6 takes refuge in music", The Gazette, 31 January 2014.
  6. ↑ "Alice Herz-Sommer, said to be oldest Holocaust survivor, dies at age 110 in London", New York Daily News, 23 February 2014. Retrieved on 24 February 2014.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Greenberg, Louise. The Guardian obituary for Raphael Sommer, "Cellist whose musical flair survived a concentration camp". The Guardian (28 November 2001). Retrieved on 1 November 2014.
  8. ↑ News agencies. "Oldest Holocaust survivor dies aged 110", The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on 24 February 2014.
  9. ↑ "Family: Alice Herz-Sommer, Believed World's Oldest Holocaust Survivor, Dies at Age 110", 23 February 2014, ABC News
  10. ↑ CTV News, "Alice Herz-Sommer, believed to be world's oldest Holocaust survivor, dies at 110"; 23 February 2014.
  11. ↑ "World's Oldest Holocaust survivor, Alice Herz-Sommer, dies in UK", New Straits Times, 24 February 2014. Retrieved on 24 February 2014.
  12. ↑ Brown (2020). The sound of hope: Music as solace, resistance and salvation during the holocaust and world war II. McFarland, 120. ISBN 978-1-4766-7056-0. 
  13. ↑ Stoessinger, Caroline, A Century of Wisdom: Lessons From the Life of Alice Herz-Sommer, the World's Oldest Living Holocaust Survivor, New York, Spiegel & Grau/Random House, 2012.
  14. ↑ Stoessinger, Caroline. "Never Too Old: Words of Wisdom from Alice Herz-Sommer, The World's Oldest Living Holocaust Survivor", Huffington Post, 19 April 2012.
  15. ↑ Stoessinger, Caroline. "If Only Dad Had Read This", Huffington Post, 16 June 2012.
  16. ↑ Alice Sommer Herz at 106: Everything Is a Present, BBC documentary by Christopher Nupen
  17. ↑ "Surviving the Holocaust" BBC Radio 4 Woman's Hour programme. 27 January 2006.
  18. ↑ "A Life in the Day: Alice Herz-Sommer" The Sunday Times, 27 January 2008
  19. ↑ Guardian video (3 mins) "Holocaust survivor Alice Herz Sommer playing piano", 13 June 2010.
  20. ↑ Refuge in Music – Terezin Templeeti:Pipe Theresienstadt, A Film by Dorothee Binding and Benedict Mirow. Deutsche Grammophon, 25 October 2013; accessed 23 February 2014.
  21. ↑ "Oldest known Holocaust survivor dies aged 110", The Guardian, 23 February 2014.
  22. ↑ Documentary on oldest Holocaust survivor wins Oscar, a week after her death. Haaretz (3 March 2014).
  23. ↑ Chris While and Julie Matthews mark 20th anniversary with new album. York Press (18 September 2014). Retrieved on 13 November 2014.
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