Ahịa Na-enye Mmetụta Mmetụta Dị Ọcha

Ahịa mkpali ikuku dị ọcha (RECLAIM) bụ mmemme azụmaahịa na-arụ ọrụ na steeti California kemgbe 1994. N'okpuru mmemme ịzụ ahịa, a chọrọ ọtụtụ narị ụlọ ọrụ mmetọ iji belata nsị nke nitrogen oxides (NOx) na sulfur oxides (SOx).

N'okpuru usoro a, nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka mmemme okpu-na-azụmahịa, a na-enye ụlọ ọrụ ọ bụla na-esonye ọnụ ọgụgụ ụfọdụ ikike ikuku ('okpu') n'efu. N'ime afọ ọ bụla na-esochi, a na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ikike ikuku e nyere nke na ụlọ ọrụ ga-ebelata ikuku ha ma ọ bụ zụta ikike ikuku n'ụlọ ọrụ nwere oke ịzụ ahịa.

Emebere usoro a iji belata ihe ọkụkụ nke NOx site na 70% site na 1994 ruo 2003, a na-atụkwa anya na ọ ga-enweta nke a ọnụ ala karịa ụkpụrụ 'iwu na njikwa' ọdịnala ọ nọchiri. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi nhazi nke oke mmesapụ aka, a na-ebelata ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na nanị ntakịrị nke ọnụego a tụrụ anya n'oge nnabata mmemme ahụ. US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) na-ewere RECLAIM dị ka nkuzi izugbe maka sistemụ dabere na ahịa, ya bụ na mmemme dabere na ahịa chọrọ atụmatụ, nkwadebe, na njikwa dị mkpa n'oge mmepe yana oge niile nke mmemme a.

Oke mmemme

Dịka nke 2004, mmemme azụmaahịa NOx gụnyere akụrụngwa 311 na-esonye, na n'etiti 33 ndị a sokwa na mmemme azụmaahịa SOx. ^[1] Ụlọ ọrụ na-agụnye ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ọkụ eletrik, na mgbakwunye na ụdị nrụnye ndị ọzọ.

Nsonaazụ gburugburu

Ahịrị na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-egosi ole NOx emission e belatara n'ezie na mmemme RECLAIM, ebe pink na-egosi ole ikike ikuku dị. O doro anya na site n'afọ 1994 ruo 1999, e nwere ọtụtụ ikike ikuku e nyere nke na ọ dịghị mkpa iji belata ihe ọkụkụ. N'afọ 2000, usoro ahụ dara n'ezie na ikuku ikuku dị elu. N'ihi ya, n'afọ 2001 mgbe nsogbu ọkụ eletrik California gasịrị, agbanweela usoro ahụ nke ọma ma nye iwu ka ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ wụnye teknụzụ na-achịkwa ikuku, na-eduga na mbelata dị ukwuu nke ikuku.

Mmụba nke NOx belatara, n'agbanyeghị na ọtụtụ afọ mbụ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya (lee ọnụ ọgụgụ), yana nwayọ karịa n'okpuru iwu ndị gara aga. Na nyocha 2003 nke RECLAIM, EPA kwubiri:

Oke nke mbụ dị oke elu ma karịa nke achọrọ iji kọọ ma ọ bụ nye ohere maka mgbake site na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba "nlaghachi azụ" n'oge ewelitere Mkpebi. Dịka e gosipụtara n'ebe ndị ọzọ, oke nke mbụ dị ihe dị ka pasenti 40-60 karịa ihe a na-emepụta n'ime afọ abụọ mbụ (1994-1995). EPA enweghị ike ịchọta nyocha na-akwado nkwado uto uto dabere na data akụ na ụba. Ọzọkwa, data nke enyere na akụkọ SCAQMD na-egosi na Gross Regional Product abawanyela ihe dịka 13 pasent kemgbe mmalite nke mmemme ahụ. Nke a ezughị oke iji kọwa ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mbelata ihe na-erughị ọkara amụma mbụ. ^[2]

Akụ na ụba

Ọnụ ego

E hiwere mmemme ahụ n'ụkpụrụ na ọ bụghị naanị na ọ ga-enweta otu nsonaazụ gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka iwu 'iwu na njikwa' nke ọdịnala (na-aga nke ọma), mana na ọ ga-eme ya ọnụ ala karịa. Dị ka EPA rụtụrụ aka na nyocha nke mmemme 2003 nke mmemme ahụ, o buru ụzọ kụda uzuzu dị ka nke ọzọ, n'ihi oke ikuku ikuku, na ọbụna mgbe ahụ, ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị ahụ belatara bịara na ọnụahịa (kwa tonne) dị elu karịa. gaara abụ ikpe n'okpuru usoro iwu-na-jikwaa.

Ihe odide ala ala peeji

SCAQMD, 2006 ^[1]
EPA 2003 ^[2]
SCAQMD, 2004 ^[3]
Joskow, 2001a ^[4]
Joskow, 2001b ^[5]

Edensibia

nyocha nke mmemme 2003 nke mmemme ahụ, o buru ụzọ kụda uzuzu dị ka nke ọzọ, n'ihi oke ikuku ikuku, na ọbụna mgbe ahụ, ọtụtụ n'ime

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Annual RECLAIM Audit Report for the 2004 Compliance Year. South Coast Air Quality Management District, March 2006.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 An Evaluation of the South Coast Air Quality Management District’s Regional Clean Air Incentives Market – Lessons in Environmental Markets and Innovation. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 9: Air Programs, November 2002.
↑ Annual RECLAIM Audit Report for the 2002 Compliance Year. South Coast Air Quality Management District, March 2004.
↑ A Quantitative Analysis of Pricing Behaviour in California's wholesale electricity market during summer 2000 Prof. Paul L. Joskow and Edward Kahn.
↑ California's Electricity Crisis Prof. Paul L. Joskow, MIT in “Oxford Review of Economic Policy”, vol 17, no. 3, pp. 277-297.

Njikọ mpụga

Mpaghara njikwa ogo ikuku South Coast RECLAIM saịtị gọọmentị na SCAQMD.

[SCAQMD2006-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Annual RECLAIM Audit Report for the 2004 Compliance Year. South Coast Air Quality Management District, March 2006.

[EPA2003-2] 2.0 ^2.1 An Evaluation of the South Coast Air Quality Management District’s Regional Clean Air Incentives Market – Lessons in Environmental Markets and Innovation. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 9: Air Programs, November 2002.

[SCAQMD2004-3] Annual RECLAIM Audit Report for the 2002 Compliance Year. South Coast Air Quality Management District, March 2004.

[Joskow,_2001a-4] A Quantitative Analysis of Pricing Behaviour in California's wholesale electricity market during summer 2000 Prof. Paul L. Joskow and Edward Kahn.

[Joskow,_2001b-5] California's Electricity Crisis Prof. Paul L. Joskow, MIT in “Oxford Review of Economic Policy”, vol 17, no. 3, pp. 277-297.

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