Abụ ndị inyom Africa na America na-arụ ọrụ

Egwu ọrụ bụ egwu a na-abụ mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ụdị ọrụ ọ bụla. Ọtụtụ mgbe, abụ ahụ na-enyere aka n'idebe ụda olu ma ọ bụ jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ihe ndọpụ uche. Egwu ọrụ nwere ike ịgụnye ọdịnaya lekwasịrị anya gburugburu gburugburu, nguzogide, ma ọ bụ ngagharị iwe. Ọtụtụ otu dị iche iche n'akụkọ ihe mere eme abụwo abụ ọrụ. Ụmụ nwanyị Africa-America gbara ohu nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme pụrụ iche jikọtara ya na egwu ọrụ.[1] Abụ ọrụ ha gosipụtara kpọmkwem otú ha si ele ihe anya na ahụmahụ ha n'oge oge ịgba ohu na United States. ^[1]

A na-esikarị n'abụ ọdịnala ndị Africa na-enweta abụ ọrụ. Ọtụtụ egwu ọrụ dị n'ụdị oku na nzaghachi, nke kwalitere mkparịta ụka. Mkpa mkparịta ụka na-enwu n'ọtụtụ ọdịnala ndị Africa na America ma na-aga n'ihu ruo ugbu a.[1] Karịsịa na oku na nzaghachi nke Africa bụ nchikota nke oku na nzaghachi.[2] Akụkụ onye ndu nwere ike dakọtara na nzaghachi ahụ, si otú a mepụta ụda mmekorita pụrụ iche.

N'otu aka ahụ, egwu ọdịnala ndị Africa-American na-elekwasị anya na polyphony, kama ịbụ abụ nwere nkwekọrịta.[1] Ọtụtụ mgbe, a ga-enwe ọtụtụ usoro ụda olu nke a na-eji n'otu egwu ahụ "na-ebute nkwụsị nke ụda ụda."[1] Ilekwasị anya na polyphony na-enye ohere maka imeziwanye, ihe dị mkpa na egwu ọrụ ndị Africa na America.[1] Dị ka ọkà mmụta Tilford Brooks na-ede, "a na-eji mmezi eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na egwu ndị ojii, ọ bụkwa ihe dị mkpa karịsịa na egwu ndị na-eji usoro oku na nzaghachi." [1] Brooks kwukwara na ọtụtụ oge na abụ ọrụ, " Onye ndu nwere ikike imeziwanye egwu egwu na oku [ha], ebe nzaghachi na-ekwughachi ahịrị abụ abụ ya na-enweghị mgbanwe. "^[2]

Ojiji

Omenala abụ ọrụ Ndị Afrịka na America nwere ọtụtụ ihe atụ. Nnyocha nke ndị a na-enye anya pụrụ iche n'ime usoro nguzogide nke ndị ohu na-eji. A mụọla omenala abụ nke ndị ohu ma ọ bụ ndị a tụrụ mkpọrọ n'ebe niile, ụmụ nwanyị ndị ohu nke Africa America na-etinye abụ n'ime ọrụ ha na akụkọ nguzogide ha. A na-ewere abụ ọrụ dị ka ngosipụta nke ntọhapụ na ịmepụta akụkọ a na-ekerịta.

Ọtụtụ n'ime abụ ụmụ nwanyị ahụ na-ekwu maka ahụhụ ha n'oge gara aga na nke ugbu a n'okpuru ịgba ohu na atụmanya maka nnwere onwe. Ụmụ nwanyị ndị ohu na-abụ abụ maka ụmụ ha banyere ịgba ohu, ^[1] na abụ ọrụ na abụ abụ ndị ụmụ nwanyị ndị ohu bụ na-ekwu maka mgbanwe nwoke na nwanyị nke ịgba ohu.

Otu abụ na-ekwu maka ezinụlọ na-ekewa site na ahịa:

"Mama, Ol'Massa gwin'er na-ere anyị echi?

Ee, chile m.

Olee ebe ọ ga-ere anyị?

Gaa n'ebe ndịda na Georgia."^[3]

Ọtụtụ mgbe, abụ ndị ahụ dị mgbagwoju anya ma gosipụta ahụmịhe ụmụ nwanyị ndị ohu. Ọkà mmụta Lauri Ramsey na-ekewa abụ ndị ndị ohu na-abụ n'ọdịnala uri. Ọ na-ekwu na enwere ike ịkọwa uri dị ka "na-ebufe olu nke ndị mmadụ ụfọdụ, na-ekwu okwu n'okwu nke ha (ma ọ bụ na-eme ihe nkiri nke ndị na-ede ihe), na-agwa obodo ha okwu, ma na-ahọrọ site na ụdị dịgasị iche iche 'a na-anabata' ma ọ bụ ihe ndị a na-eji eme ihe ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ omenala ma ọ bụ nke ọhụrụ".^[4]

Abụ ndị ohu na-abụ nyere aka ichekwa ọdịnala ọdịnala dị mkpa. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-ejikọta ndị ohu na ndị si n'ọdịbendị ndị ọzọ ma manye ha ịhapụ omenala na ihe nketa ha. Ịbụ abụ nyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe ọdịnala dị mkpa. A kụziiri ụmụ nwanyị ohu iche echiche banyere onwe ha na ọdịbendị ha dị ka ndị dị ala, ^[2] mana ndị nne ohu chọpụtara na ịbụ abụ na lullabies nye ụmụ ha bụ usoro dị mkpa nke iguzogide, ebe ha nwere ike inyefe omenala n'ụzọ dị nro.

Ọtụtụ ndị nwe ubi chere na n'ihi na ndị ọrụ ha na-abụ abụ n'ọhịa, ọ pụtara na ndị ohu nwere obi ụtọ na-arụ ọrụ ha. Mana ndị ikom na ndị inyom ohu na-abụkarị abụ banyere ọnwụ, iru uju ma ọ bụ ọgụ. Ya mere, omume nke ịbụ abụ ọrụ dị oke egwu n'ihi na ndị nwe ohu enweghị ike ịghọta ọdịnaya ya mere ha anaghị amachibido ịbụ abụ mgbe niile.^[5] Ịbụ abụ mepụtara mmetụta nke obodo, oghere obodo nke ọnụnọ nke ndị nna ha ukwu na-emetọghị.

Jacqueline Jones na-ekwu maka otu egwu si nyere aka mepụta obodo:

N'ọtụtụ ubi, ọ bụ omenala ịtọhapụ ụmụ nwanyị toro eto n'ọrụ ubi n'isi ụtụtụ Satọdee ka ha wee nwee ike ịsa ahụ izu ha. Ma a na-asa ákwà n'ime ite osisi ochie, ite ígwè, ma ọ bụ iyi dị nso nke nwere osisi, osisi, ma ọ dị ka bọọdụ ịsa ákwà, ọ bụ ọrụ na-ewe oge ma sie ike. Ma ụdị ọrụ oge ochie a nke ụmụ nwanyị nyere ohere maka mkpakọrịta "mgbe de 'ndị ikom na-adabere na de tubs washin' na a-singin' dem ochie abụ. " Mary Frances Webb chetara ụbọchị ịsa ahụ - "a regular picnic" - na ụfọdụ mmasị; ọ bụ oge maka ụmụ nwanyị "ị nọrọ ụbọchị ọnụ, n'enweghị anya na ntị nke ndị ọcha. ^[6]: 251

Ọkà mmụta Gale Jackson kwetara na mgbagwoju anya nke abụ ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị ojii ma kwuo, "Ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị Africa America na egwu egwu na-eji ụdị akụkọ Afrịka nke ịkọ akụkọ, 'ịkwa emo' na akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, ijikọ abụ na ịgba egwu na percussive, multi-metered, polyphonic, oku na nzaghachi, iji tinye aka na gburugburu ndị nna, ịkọwa njem, omume nke ndị akaebe, nkuzi mgbanwe, na ime obodo ha" : 775 . <a class=\"mw-redirect cx-link\" data-linkid=\"114\" href=\"./Doi_(identifier)\" id=\"mwrQ\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\">doi</a>:<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0021934715603357\" id=\"mwrg\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">10.1177/0021934715603357</a>. <a class=\"mw-redirect cx-link\" data-linkid=\"115\" href=\"./S2CID_(identifier)\" id=\"mwrw\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"S2CID (identifier)\">S2CID</a><span id=\"mwsA\" typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146427283\" id=\"mwsQ\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">146427283</a>.</cite>"}}" id="cite_ref-Jackson2015_1-3" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./African-American_women_work_songs#cite_note-Jackson2015-1 [1]]: 775 Worktered a manyere ha ka ha rụọ ọrụ ha bụrụ ọrụ.^[1]

Ihe Nlereanya

Bụnye Cabbage

Raccoon nwere ọdụ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ọdụ Possum bụ

Rabbit enweghị ọdụ ọ bụla ma e wezụga obere ntutu isi.

Ndị ukwe

Bake nke na-acha nchara nchara

Nanị abụ m nwere ike ịbụ bụ

Bịa cabbage n'ala^[1]

Hụkwa

Ọkpụkpọ na nzaghachi
Nnupụisi ụmụ nwanyị na United States na Caribbean
Ịgba ohu ụmụ nwanyị na United States
Onye na-eti mkpu n'ọhịa

Ihe odide

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Jackson (2015). ""Rosy, Possum, Morning Star: African American Women's Work and Play Songs": An Excerpt From Put Your Hands on Your Hips and Act Like a Woman: Song, Dance, Black History and Poetics in Performance". Journal of Black Studies 46 (8): 773–796. DOI:10.1177/0021934715603357. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Jackson2015" defined multiple times with different content
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Brooks (1984). America's Black Musical Heritage. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Brooks1984" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Levine, Lawrence W., Black Culture and Black Consciousness: Afro-American Folk Thought From Slavery to Freedom. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977.
↑ Ramey, Lauri, Slave Songs and the Birth of African American Poetry, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), 17.
↑ Courlander (1976). A Treasury of Afro-American Folklore:The Oral Literature, Traditions, Recollections, Legends, Tales, Songs, Religious Beliefs, Customs, Sayings and Humor of People of African Descent in the Americas. New York: Marlowe & Company.
↑ Jones (1982). "My Mother Was Much of a Woman: Black Women, Work, and the Family under Slavery". Feminist Studies 8 (2): 235–269. DOI:10.2307/3177562.

[Jackson2015-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Jackson (2015). ""Rosy, Possum, Morning Star: African American Women's Work and Play Songs": An Excerpt From Put Your Hands on Your Hips and Act Like a Woman: Song, Dance, Black History and Poetics in Performance". Journal of Black Studies 46 (8): 773–796. DOI:10.1177/0021934715603357. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Jackson2015" defined multiple times with different content

[Brooks1984-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Brooks (1984). America's Black Musical Heritage. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Brooks1984" defined multiple times with different content

[3] Levine, Lawrence W., Black Culture and Black Consciousness: Afro-American Folk Thought From Slavery to Freedom. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977.

[4] Ramey, Lauri, Slave Songs and the Birth of African American Poetry, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), 17.

[Courlander1976-5] Courlander (1976). A Treasury of Afro-American Folklore:The Oral Literature, Traditions, Recollections, Legends, Tales, Songs, Religious Beliefs, Customs, Sayings and Humor of People of African Descent in the Americas. New York: Marlowe & Company.

[Jones1982-6] Jones (1982). "My Mother Was Much of a Woman: Black Women, Work, and the Family under Slavery". Feminist Studies 8 (2): 235–269. DOI:10.2307/3177562.

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