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20182021 Oké ọkọchị nke ndịda Afrịka

Oké ọkọchị nke 2018 na 2021 Southern Africa bụ oge ọkọchị na-aga n'ihu na-ewere ọnọdụ na Southern Africa. Oké ọkọchị malitere na ngwụcha Ọktọba 2018, ma na-emetụta nchekwa nri na mpaghara ahụ nke oma.. N'ihe di ka n'etiti onwa Ọgọstụ 2019, a na-ekekwa ụkọ mmiri ozuzo dị ka ihe omume okwa Red-Class ọkwa 2 site n'aka Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System.[1] E wedara ọkwa nnjikere ka o buru Orange-1.7 site na 12 Disemba 2019, dịka oge mmiri ọhụrụ malitere.[2] Na Septemba 2020, ekewaputara ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ahụ dị ka ihe omume Red-Class nke ọkwa 2.[3] Oké ọkọchị ahụ gara n'ihu ruo n'isi 2021.[4] Malite na Ọktoba 2021, South Africa nwetara oke mmiri ozuzo karịa nkezi yana ọdọ mmiri jupụtara na mbido 2022.[5]

Nkọwa

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Nndabere

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Dị ka mpaghara, Southern Africa anọwo n'akuko Ihe mereme nnke nnukwu ihe ize ndu nnke oke okochi  ; ihe gbasara omume n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe ihu igwe na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.[6]

Ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke ndịda Afrịka na-emetụta usoro mmiri ozuzo siri ike; ihe ka ukwu n'ime mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ na-edobe site na oke mmiri ozuzo site na mbido Nọvemba ruo Machị, na-eme ihe a na-ewere dị ka oge mmiri ozuzo nke southern Africa. Ọnwa mmiri ozuzo na-eju ala nke mpaghara ahụ, na-enye mmiri na-adịgide ruo ọnwa na-ekpo ọkụ n'afọ. Ọ bụ ezie na usoro a n'ewekari ntukwasi obi, ihe na-adịghị mma na ihu igwe dị ka ihe omume El Niño na-kpaghasi ọtụtu mmiri ozuzo n'ke ogbe ahụ n'kwa afọ; nke a, n'aka nke ya, na-akpata mbelata nke ndụ osisi nke mpaghara ahụ, mbelata nke mmiri na mmiri na-efu site na ala, na mmetụta nke ikpeazụ na-akpatara ụkọ mmiri ozuzo.[7][8]

Dị ka akwukwo akuko si kwuo, ọkwa dị ala nke mmepe akụ na ụba nke Southern Africa na ịdabere n'ọrụ ugbo nke ihe ọkụkụ na anụ ụlọ na-ahapu mpaghara ahụ nke uukwe maka uuko mmiri ozuzo.[6] Ọ bụ ezie na iwere ọdịiche dị nichiche, ndị ọrụ ugbo na mkpaghara ahụ na-akụkarị ihe ubi ha na-esote n'ogwugwu Ọktoba. Oge a na-akụ mkpụrụ a bu oge mmiri ozuzo a Na-atu anya ya ga-amalite na Nọvemba. A na-ewere ọnwa ise na isii na-esote dị ka oge "dị ọcha", n'oge a na-eri nri echekwara ebe mmiri ozuzo "na-ekpo ọkụ" na-edozi ihe ọkụkụ nke afọ na-eso ụzọ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na mmiri ozuzo a na-ahụkarị na-emebi site na ọnọdụ ihu igwe, a na-egbu oge ịkụ osisi ruo na Nọvemba ma ọ bụ mmalite Disemba, na-akpata oge "dị ọcha" dị ogologo tupu a kpụrụ ihe ubi. Ọ bụrụ na a na-emebi usoro ihu igwe nke mpaghara ahụ nke ọma iji kpatara ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, enweghị mmiri ozuzo na ọnwụ nke mmiri site n'ala na-akpatakarị mbelata dị ịrịba ama na mmepụta ugbo nke Southern Africa; ọnọdụ akụ na ụba na emebi emebi na-eduga n'ogba aghara oha na email odida nke ọkwa nchekwa nri mpaghara.[6][8]

Oge ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na-emetụta ihe dị iche iche dị na Southern Africa na anụ ọhịa, ebe mbelata mmiri dị n'osimiri nwere ike ime ka mmiri eletrik rụọ ọrụ na ikike dị ala.[9] Ihe omume El Niño na Southern Africa na-emekwa ka ohere nke ntiwapụ nke African armyworm, na-ebelata mmepụta ugbo nke mpaghara ahụ.[10]

Oké ọkọchị ndị gara aga

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N'ngwụcha afọ 2015 ruo mmalite oge 2016, ihe omume El Niño kpatara oke okocha na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Southern Africa.[11] Di ka mmalite nnke afa 2018-19 na-aga n'ihu nke ukọ mmiri ozuzo El Niño kpatara, akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Southern Africa agbakebeghị site na mmetụta nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo mmbu.[11]

Na Namibia, a na-eche na oke okochi nke 2012/2013 bụ nke kachasị njọ n'ime afọ iri dịka ihe di na 42% ma ọ bụrụ na ngukota ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ niile nwere nsogbu nri. Gọọmentị ndị Namibian kwupụtara ọnọdụ mberede na afọ 2012.[12]

Okochi 2018 na 2021.

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Ịdọ aka ná ntị mbụ

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N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ na Septemba 2018, ọtụtụ òtù malitere ịdọ ndị ọrụ ugbo aka na ntị maka ohere nke oke okochi na-abi. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2018, ndị Southern African Development Community nyere ndị ọrụ ugbo ndụmodu ka ha zere ire ụfọdụ nri ha echekwabara site na oge gara aga, oru o na Septemba 2018 ndị United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) nyere obodp ndị Southern Africa ịdọ aka ná ntị banyere nguzobe ọnọdụ mska oke okochi .[13][14] Patrick Kormawa, onye nhazi mpaghara maka FAO na Southern Africa, buru amụma na ohere pasent 40 nke ihe omume El Niño ga-emetụta mpaghara ahụ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ 2018.[14]

Oké ọkọchị dị ugbu a

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Oryx nwụrụ anwụ na Namibia.

N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ 2018, ihe omume El Niño mebiri mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ nke Southern Africa. Mmetụta mbụ nke nkwụsịtụ a bụ ụbọchị ịgha mkpụrụ na-egbu oge, nke a tụgharịrị azụ site na ngwụcha Ọktọba ruo mmalite Nọvemba. N'ọnwa Nọvemba, akụkọ sitere n'aka United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) kọrọ na pasent 80 nwere ike ịbụ na ihe omume El Niño ga-aga n'ihu ruo n'ọnwa Disemba; ọ kwukwara na nde mmadụ 9.6 nọ na Southern Africa enweghị nri siri ike ka ọ na-erule mmalite nke oge 2019 lean.[10]

Oké ọkọchị ahụ gara n'ihu ruo 2019 na ọtụtụ mpaghara dị na Southern Africa na-ahụ mbelata mmiri ozuzo. Akụkọ si nke ndị FAO kwuru na, ebe mmiri ozuzo kwara na ngwụcha Disemba 2018, ọtụtụ ebe dị n'ime mpaghara ahụ na-ata ahfufụ site na oke ọkọchị na mmetụta na-eso ya.[15][16]

Ka ruru na-ọnwa Eprel 2019, akụkụ ndị dị na Southern Africa ka na-emetụta oke okochi na-aga n'ihu.[17] Mmiri ozuzo dị arọ karịa nkezi n'ime izu mbụ nke Febụwarị n'ebe ụfọdụ ebelatawo ụkọ mmiri ozuzo dị n'ógbè ahụ, mana a na-atụ anya na mpaghara ahụ n'ozuzu ya ga-ata ahụhụ site na ọnọdụ ihe ọkụkụ na-adịghị mma.[18] Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke agụụ na mpaghara ahụ ebilitego, na-atụkwa anya na ọ ge bilite na-ganiru niru .[19][20]

Ekwuwaputara oke okochi ahụ dị ka ihe mberede mba na South Africa na 4 Machị 2020. 17 Machị 2020 ka akọorọ ahịa ojii nke mmiri zuru ohi na Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality n'agbanyeghi nchegbu nrụrụ aka metụtara ihe mberede.[21][22]

Na Mee 2019, Namibia kwupụtara ọnọdụ mberede na nzaghachi maka ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, ma gbasaa ya na ọnwa isii n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2019.[23][24] Nke a bụ nke ugboro atọ n'ime afọ isii gọọmentị eweputara ọnọdụ mberede.[25] A kọwawo ụkọ mmiri ozuzo nke 2019 dị ka nke kacha njọ n'ime afọ 90 gara aga na mba ahụ, ebe oke mmiri ozuzo kacha dekọrọ na Windhoek kemgbe 1891.[26]

Ngalaba ọrụ ugbo bụ otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ndị isi nke Namibia na n'ihi mmiri ozuzo dị ala na 2019, mmepụta na mpaghara daara site na 17.5%. A hụrụ na feeọnọdụ ala ịta ahịhịa emebiwo ka ọ daa ogbenye n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke mba ahụ na-eduga na nrụgide siri ike na ịta ahụhịa na mbelata siri ike nke anụ ụlọ n'ihi ụnwụ nri. N'chikota enweghị mmiri ozuzo na mmiri dị ala dugara n'oké ọkọchị na ogologo oge na 2019 nke butere ezigbo ihe isi ike ma metutara ọtụtụ ebe obibi, ọkachasị n'etiti obodo nndi adighi ike.[27]

Na Ọgọstụ 2020, nnyocha adighi ike nke gọọmentị ndị Namibia mere huru na ndi Namibia 427,905 na-eweghị nchekwa nri ugbu a. Ihe ndị na-eme ka enweghị nchebe a gụnyere mmetụta nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, idei mmiri, ụmụ ahụhụ na ikpuru.[28]

Hu Ihe Niile

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  • Oké ọkọchị nke afọ 2020 rụ 21 na North America
  • Oke okochi nke Eastern Cape
  • Victoria Falls
  • Ụnwụ nri 2021 ruo 2022 na Madagascar

Edensibia

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  1. ↑ Overall Red Drought alert for Southern Africa-2018 in Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, South Africa, Zimbabwe from 11 Oct 2018 00:00 UTC to 15 Feb 2019 00:27 UTC. www.gdacs.org. Retrieved on 2019-02-15.
  2. ↑ Overall Red Drought alert for Zambezi Basin-2018 in Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe from 21 Oct 2018 00:00 UTC to 01 Dec 2019 13:51 UTC. www.gdacs.org.
  3. ↑ Overall Red alert Drought for Southern Africa-2018 in Angola, Botswana, Congo, DRC, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe. www.gdacs.org. Retrieved on 2020-01-22.
  4. ↑ Global Weather Hazards Summary: March 5 - 11, 2021 - World (en). ReliefWeb. Retrieved on 2021-03-10.
  5. ↑ Plessis. "South Africa has had lots of rain and most dams are full, but water crisis threat persists", The Conversation, 5 April 2022. Retrieved on 6 June 2022. (in en)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Southern Africa | Drought Templeeti:Sic – Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC) – DG ECHO Daily Map | 29/01/2019 - Zimbabwe (en). ReliefWeb. Retrieved on 2019-02-14.
  7. ↑ Southern Africa: Drought - Nov 2018 (en). ReliefWeb. Retrieved on 2019-02-15.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Southern Africa Drought Situation. Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations. Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC) – DG ECHO Daily Map 29 January 2019
  9. ↑ Africa to suffer major blackouts as climate change dries up hydropower dams, scientists warn (en). The Independent (2018-08-30). Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved on 2019-02-14.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Southern Africa: Humanitarian Key Messages, November 2018 - Malawi (en). ReliefWeb. Retrieved on 2019-02-15.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 FAO in the 2019 humanitarian appeal: 2018/19 El Niño Response Plan for Southern Africa - Zimbabwe (en). ReliefWeb. Retrieved on 2019-02-13.
  12. ↑ Shikangalah (30 July 2020). "The 2019 drought in Namibia: An overview". University of Namibia: 40. 
  13. ↑ Iikela. "Southern Africa: Drought Coming for SADC", The Namibian (Windhoek), 2018-08-13. Retrieved on 2019-02-14.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 FAO Warns Southern Africa to Prepare for Drought (en). VOA. Retrieved on 2019-02-14.
  15. ↑ Southern Africa Dry weather conditions reduce agricultural production prospects in 2019. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 22 January 2019..
  16. ↑ GIEWS Update: Southern Africa - Dry weather conditions reduce agricultural production prospects in 2019 (22 January 2019) - Madagascar (en). ReliefWeb. Retrieved on 2019-02-15.
  17. ↑ Southern Africa Food Security Alert: February 1, 2019 - Zimbabwe (en). ReliefWeb. Retrieved on 2019-02-15.
  18. ↑ Famine Early Warning System Network. Hosted by Reliefweb.
  19. ↑ Hunger in Africa continues to rise, says New UN report (en-GB). East African Business Week (2019-02-14). Retrieved on 2019-02-15.
  20. ↑ UN raises alarm on drought crisis in SADC || The Southern Times (en). maxebooking.com. Archived from the original on 2019-05-02. Retrieved on 2019-02-15.
  21. ↑ Two years later, SA's drought has just been declared a national emergency – again. BusinessInsider.
  22. ↑ Gagné-Acoulon. Report: Corruption fuels Water Shortage in South Africa. www.occrp.org.
  23. ↑ AfricaNews (2019-05-06). Namibia declares national state of emergency over drought (en). Africanews. Retrieved on 2019-05-20.
  24. ↑ Namibian. State of drought emergency extended (en). The Namibian. Archived from the original on 2021-03-10. Retrieved on 2020-11-24.
  25. ↑ Tjitemisa (2019-05-07). President declares state of emergency over drought (en-ZA). New Era Live. Retrieved on 2020-11-25.
  26. ↑ Shikangalah (30 July 2020). "The 2019 drought in Namibia: An overview". University of Namibia: 37. 
  27. ↑ Shikangalah (30 July 2020). "The 2019 drought in Namibia: An overview". University of Namibia: 49. 
  28. ↑ Over 400 000 Namibians food insecure - Prime Minister (en). NBC. Archived from the original on 2020-11-30. Retrieved on 2020-11-30.
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