Ụmụ nwanyị na-eme ihe ike
Radical ụmụ nwanyị
ỤMỤ NWANYỊ RADICAL
Nhazi 1967
Onye guzobere clara Fraser, Gloria
Martin, Melba Windoffer
Susan ster
,
Tọrọ ntọala Seattle, wa
Isi ụlọ ọrụ Seattle., wa
Radical Women (RW) bụ òtù ndị inyom nke American socialist [1] nke na-arụ ọrụ na Freedom Socialist Party. O nwere alaka na Seattle, Washington, na Melbourne, Australia.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
dezieRadical Women pụtara na Seattle site na klas "Free University" na Women and Society nke Gloria Martin duziri, onye ọchịchị Kọmunist na onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ. [2][3] N'ihi klas ahụ, Martin sonyeere Clara Fraser na Melba Windoffer (ndị malitere Freedom Socialist Party) na Susan Stern (onye ama ama na Students for a Democratic Society) iji malite Radical Women na 1967. [3]
Radical Women sonyere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na mmegide agha Vietnam, ma megide ntinye aka agha nke mba ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ malitere.
Ndị otu ahụ sooro ụmụ nwanyị Africa-America rụọ ọrụ site na mmemme mgbochi ịda ogbenye iji malite usoro ikike ite ime na Washington State na njem akụkọ ihe mere eme na capitol na 1969. [4]
Na mbido afọ 1970, RW nyere aka ịhazi ọgbaghara na njikọ nke ndị ọrụ na-akwụ ụgwọ dị ala (karịsịa ụmụ nwanyị) na Mahadum Washington.
Mgbe ya na Freedom Socialist Party (FSP) rụkọchara ọrụ, Radical Ụmụ nwanyị na ndị otu aa. [5][6]
Ọtụtụ ndị otu Radical Women rụrụ ọrụ ma hazie ọrụ ndị na-abụghị omenala. Na ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ ọha na eze nke Seattle, Seattle City Light, a kpọrọ Clara Fraser ka ọ rụọ ọrụ ma tinye atụmatụ mbụ nke mba ahụ n'ọrụ iji zụọ ụmụ nwanyị dị ka ndị na-ahụ maka ọkụ eletrik. Mmadụ atọ ndị ọzọ so na Radical Women, Megan Cornish, Heidi Durham, na Teri Bach, sonyere na mmemme ahụ wee gaa n'ihu bụrụ ụfọdụ n'ime ụmụ nwanyị eletrik mbụ na mba ahụ. Otú ọ dị, izu ole na ole tupu mmemme ahụ amalite, Fraser sonyere na ngagharị iwe megide iwu ọhụrụ nke onye nlekọta City Light Gordon Vickery nyere, nke mere ka mmekọrịta ya na ndị isi ya sie ike. Mgbe ọzụzụ ha gasịrị, a chụrụ Cornish, Durham, na Bach n'ọrụ na 1975 n'omume a hụrụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu dị ka mmegwara megide onwe ha na Fraser. Ụmụ nwanyị atọ ahụ tinyere akwụkwọ na-ebo ebubo ịkpa ókè n'ihi mmekọahụ, mgbe otu afọ gachara, ụlọ ikpe kpebiri na ha ga-akwado ha ma nye iwu ka e weghachite ha. A chụpụkwara Fraser n'ọrụ n'afọ 1975, o tinyere akwụkwọ ikpe nke ya na-ebo ebubo ịkpa ókè na-adabere na mmekọahụ na Echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Mgbe afọ asaa nke agha iwu na nnukwu mkpọsa mmekọrịta ọha na eze gasịrị, Fraser meriri mweghachi ya na City Light. [7]
N'afọ 1991, ndị otu abụọ nke Radical Women, Heidi Durham na Yolanda Alaniz, gbara ọsọ maka Seattle City Council dị ka ndị otu FSP. Ha abụọ mere mkpọsa ọnụ maka arịrịọ maka ego a na-enye ezinụlọ ndị dara ogbenye, ikike mmekọrịta ụlọ maka di na nwunye na-enwe mmekọahụ, na nchịkwa obodo nke ndị uwe ojii.[8] Alaniz gara n'ihu na ntuli aka n'ozuzu ma jiri pasent 21 nke votu mechie.[9]
Ebumnuche na echiche
dezieThe Radical Women Manifesto: Socialist Feminist Theory, Program and Organizational Structure na-akọwa ebumnuche na echiche nke Radical Women dị ka ndị a:[10]
Radical Women raara onwe ya nye ikpughe, iguzogide, na iwepụ ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke ịdị adị ụmụ nwanyị. Iji rụzuo ọrụ a Nke insuring lanarị maka mmekọahụ dum, anyị aghaghị n'otu oge lebara onwe anyị anya na-elekọta mmadụ na ihe onwunwe isi iyi nke mmekọahụ. The capitlist maka nke mmepụta na nkesa nke ngwaahịa, e ji mara intrinsic klas, agbụrụ, mmekọahụ an. Mgbe anyị na-arụ ọrụ maka mgbanwe mgbanwe nke isi obodo n'ime ọha mmadụ Socialist, anyị na-arụ ọrụ maka ụwa nke mmadụ niile nwere ike ịnụ ụtọ ikike nke mmadụ zuru oke na nnwere onwe pụọ na ịda ogbenye, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ agha, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, mmekọahụ, homophobia, ịkpọasị na mmegbu
Radical Women na-ewere ọtụtụ agbụrụ, ọtụtụ okwu, ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ụzọ na-emegide ndị isi obodo maka Nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ na-akwado ite ime n'efu na arịrịọ, njedebe nke ịmanye ụmụ nwanyị na-acha ọbara ọbara, na maka nlekọta ụmụaka dị ọnụ ala, nke dị mma, awa 24. Mgbalị ndị mbụ gụnyere Action Childcare Coalition, Feminist Coordinating Council (otu nzukọ nke mejupụtara ụdị ụmụ nwanyị niile dị na Seattle), na Coalition for Protective Legislation (mgbalị ọrụ na nke ụmụ nwanyị iji gbasaa nchebe ebe ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị họpụtara maka ụmụ nwoke mgbe Washington State Equal Rights Amendment gafere).
Radical Women arụwo ọrụ dị mkpa na mgba maka nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị / nwoke / ụmụ nwoke / ụmụ nwanyị / ụmụ nwanyị.[11] Ndị otu enyerela aka iwulite òtù ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ nwanyị / ndị na-eme enyi nwoke ma tinye aka n'ọtụtụ njikọ aka na-egbochi nyocha ọrịa AIDS, na-emegide mwakpo igbe ntuli aka na ikike nwoke idina nwoke, na-agba mbọ maka iwu ikike nwoke idine nwoke, na ihe ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 1980, onye ndú Radical Women Merle Woo, onye nkuzi kọleji, onye edemede na onye na-ekwuchitere ụmụ nwanyị Asia America, meriri ikpe megide Mahadum California na Berkeley, nke chụpụrụ ya, na-ebo ebubo ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, mmekọahụ, na echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.[12]
Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
dezieEbe ndebe ihe ochie
dezie- Freedom Socialist Party Seattle Branch Records, 1984-1992. 3.14 cubic feet. Na Labor Archives nke Washington, Mahadum nke Washington Ọbá Akwụkwọ Special Collections.
- Freedom Socialist Party National Office (Seattle) Records, 1976-1998. 3.09 cubic feet. Na Labor Archives nke Washington, Mahadum nke Washington Ọbá Akwụkwọ Special Collections.
- Radical Women Seattle Office Records, 1991-1997. 0.37 cubic feet. Na Labor Archives nke Washington, Mahadum nke Washington Ọbá Akwụkwọ Special Collections.
- Radical Women National Office (Seattle) Records, 1976-1998. 1.28 cubic feet. Na Labor Archives nke Washington, Mahadum nke Washington Ọbá Akwụkwọ Special Collections.
- Akwụkwọ Melba Windoffer, 1910-1993. 7.42 cubic feet. Na Labor Archives nke Washington, Mahadum nke Washington Ọbá Akwụkwọ Special Collections.
- Megan Cornish Papers, 1970-2003. 10.26 cubic feet. Na Labor Archives nke Washington, Mahadum nke Washington Ọbá Akwụkwọ Special Collections.
- Clara Fraser Papers, 1905-1998, 36.70 cubic feet. Na Labor Archives nke Washington, Mahadum nke Washington Ọbá Akwụkwọ Special Collections.
- Heidi Durham Papers and Oral History Interviews, 1937-2017, 1.57 cubic feet. Na Labor Archives nke Washington, Mahadum nke Washington Ọbá Akwụkwọ Special Collections.
Isiokwu na ajụjụ ọnụ
dezie- Megan Cornish, Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project, 2005.
- Megan Cornish Ajụjụ ọnụ na Nicole Grant na Alex Morrow, October 20, 2005, YouTube, bulite site na Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project, September 9, 2016, Megan Cornsh - YouTubeMegan Cornish - YouTube
- Megan Cornish, Conor Casey, na Ellie Belew Ajụjụ ọnụ na Mike Dumovich, "Anyị na-arụ ọrụ," KSVR, February 22, 2019.
- Nicole Grant, Challenging Sexism at City Light: The Electrical Trades Trainee Program, Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project, 2006.
- Ellie Belew Ajụjụ ọnụ na Mimi Rosenberg, YouTube, nke Radical Women bulite - U.S., bulite na Machị 28. 2019, Nnukwu Ụtọ WOMEN: Ajụjụ ọnụ & slideshowNnukwu vootu WOMEN: Ajụjụ ọnụ & slideshow
Akwụkwọ
dezie- The Radical Women Manifesto: Socialist Feminist Theory, Program, and Organizational Structure, Red Letter Press, 2001
- Ellie Belew, High Voltage Women: Breaking Barriers at Seattle City Light, Red Letter Press, 2019.
- Gloria Martin, Socialist Feminism: The First Decade, 1966-76, Freedom Socialist Publications, 1986
Ihe ndị ọzọ
dezie- Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Radical Women
- Freedom Socialist Party, ndị mmekọ
- University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections - Vietnam War Era Ephemera Nchịkọta a nwere akwụkwọ mpịakọta na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị e kesara na Mahadum Washington campus n'ime iri afọ nke 1960s na 1970s. Gụnyere ihe ndị na-adịghị adịte aka sitere na Radical Women na Freedom Socialist Party.
- Akwụkwọ Ụmụ nwanyị Na-eme Ihe Ike
- Akụkọ sitere na U.S. 2008 Radical Women Conference nyere na International Museum of Women.
Hụkwa
dezie- Òtù Nnwere Onwe
- Clara Fraser
- Heidi Durham
- Megan Cornish
- Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụmụ nwanyị
- Nkwado ụmụ nwanyị Marxist
- Ọchịchị ụmụ nwanyị
Ihe edeturu
dezie- ↑ A bibliography of Socialist Feminism on Kristin Switala's Feminist Theory Website, Center for Digital Discourse and Culture at Virginia Tech. includes the work of RW's Gloria Martin and Clara Fraser. Accessed online 8 April 2007.
- ↑ Gloria Martin, 1916-1995: Feminist Pioneer and Unabashed Lifelong Socialist (obituary notice put out by RW and Freedom Socialist Party, reproduced on the Progressive News & Views List archive). Accessed online 8 April 2007.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Murphy (2017-09-21). Radical Women Celebrate A Half Century of Hell-Raising (en-US). The Seattle Star. Retrieved on 2020-10-12.
- ↑ See Cassandra Tate, Marilyn Ward recalls the campaign to reform Washington's abortion law, HistoryLink essay #2675, HistoryLink.org, for an oppositional view of the protest.
- ↑ (Fall 1978) "In this issue". The Freedom Socialist 4 (3). Retrieved on 26 November 2020.
- ↑ Schraufnagel (Fall 1979). "Abortion rights imperilled". Freedom Socialist Newspaper 5 (3). Retrieved on 25 November 2020.
- ↑ Nicole Grant, "Challenging Sexism at City Light" University of Washington, Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project
- ↑ Clara Fraser papers - Archives West. archiveswest.orbiscascade.org. Retrieved on 2022-07-06.
- ↑ General and Special Elections - CityArchives. seattle.gov (1963-10-25). Retrieved on 2022-08-21.
- ↑ Radical Women (2001), "Preamble", in (2001) in Radical Women: The Radical Women manifesto: socialist feminist theory, program and organizational structure. Seattle, Washington: Red Letter Press, 17–18. ISBN 9780932323118.
- ↑ Don Poulson, "Seattle's Gay History: Jamma Phi (1959 -1963): Seattle's first Gay Organization", Seattle Gay News,; and Gary Atkins, Gay Seattle, (University of Washington Press, 2003).
- ↑ Ridinger (2004). Speaking for Our Lives: Historic Speeches and Rhetoric for Gay and Lesbian Rights. Binghamton, New York: Harrington Park Press, 436–438. ISBN 9781560231752.