Ụmụ nwanyị na-agụ ihe osise

Ụmụ nwanyị na-agụ na nka na-ezo aka n'ọrụ nka ọ bụla na-anọchite anya otu ma ọ bụ karịa ụmụ nwanyị n'ọrụ ịgụ ihe. Isiokwu a bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, na ihe oyiyi na-apụta na mmalite narị afọ nke iri na anọ. [1]A na-ahụkarị ndị na-ekiri ihe na-eme n'onwe ha site na ọrụ ndị a. Reading Woman (c.1660) nke Pieter Janssans Elinga gosipụtara ịgụ ihe dị ka ọrụ dị nso na nke introspective.

Elinga, Reading Woman, c. 1660

E wezụga nkwurịta okwu echiche n'etiti onye edemede na onye na-agụ ya, ọkà mmụta James Conlon, na-akọwa ịgụ ihe dị ka isiokwu dị nso na nke na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ, site na akwụkwọ na-adọrọ mmasị nke na-emetụ ma na-ejide uche onye na-ede ya, ma na-enye obi ụtọ na-emetụta ya n'ibu. N'ihi ya, onyinyo nke nwanyị na-agụ na-aghọ otu n'ime ihe gbasara mmekọahụ, na ihe na-atụ egwu maka onye na-ekiri ma ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe. [1]Na Western, ndị nna ochie, Conlon na-ekwu, omume nke ịgụ ihe na-ewepụ nwanyị n'okpuru ọrụ ma banye n'ọnọdụ ebe obi ụtọ onwe onye, ihe ọmụma, na obi ụtọ dị n'aka ya n'ụzọ nkịtị.[1]

Ihe osise nke ụmụ nwanyị na-agụ

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Antoine Wiertz, The Reader of Novels, c. 1853

N'ime narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, n'etiti oge ọlaedo maka ịgụ akwụkwọ, nchegbu pụtara banyere ịgụ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị dị ka ihe na-etinye alụmdi na nwunye na usoro ezinụlọ n'ihe ize ndụ. [2]Ihe osise na ihe osise nke oge ahụ gosipụtara egwu a na akwụkwọ ga-eduhie ụmụ nwanyị ma leghara ọrụ ụlọ ha anya. Ihe oyiyi ndị ọzọ gosipụtara ihe ize ndụ nke ịnwa ụmụ nwanyị na akwụkwọ dịka ihe jikọrọ ya na mmekọahụ ha, dịka na Antoine Wiertz's The Reader of Novels (c.1853), ebe onyinyo ekwensu na-enye nwanyị ihe ọgụgụ na-atọ ụtọ. [2]A na-ejikwa ya egosi otú ụmụ nwanyị n'ozuzu ha si nwee mmasị ịgụ ihe na narị afọ nke 19.

 
Claude Monet, Springtime, c. 1872

Na ihe osise Dutch Golden Age, a na-egosipụta ụmụ nwanyị na-agụ akwụkwọ dị ka akụkụ nke ụdị nke kwa ụbọchị, na-ejikarị akwụkwọ ozi eme ihe. Johannes Vermeer, dịka ọmụmaatụ, mepụtara ọtụtụ ọrụ gbasara isiokwu a, gụnyere A Woman in Blue Reading a Letter na Girl Reading a Letter at an Open Window. N'agbanyeghị nkwenye doro anya nke ụmụ nwanyị na-agụ akwụkwọ, ndị ọkà mmụta ekpebiela na akwụkwọ ozi gụnyere na ihe osise Dutch bụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ ozi ịhụnanya. [3]Dị ka Conlon na-ekwu, omume ọgụgụ nke na-echebara onwe ya echiche na-ejikọta na ngosipụta ndị a na ndọpụ uche na ọchịchọ maka onye ọ bụla - ikekwe nwoke hụrụ n'anya - n'ikpeazụ na-emebi echiche nke nwanyị na-agụ.[1]

Ndị na-ese ihe nwoke egosila ụmụ nwanyị na-agụ akwụkwọ n'ime ntọala ọzụzụ atụrụ, dịka na Claude Monet's Springtime, ikekwe na mgbalị iji chịkwaa ma ọ bụ mee ka omume ịgụ ihe dị egwu.[1]

 
Nwanyị na-acha anụnụ anụnụ Na-agụ Akwụkwọ Ozi, ca. 1662-1663, Johannes Vermeer

Ndị inyom na-ese ihe na isiokwu nke ịgụ

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Ụmụ nwanyị na-ese ihe adọrọla isiokwu nke ụmụ nwanyị na-agụ akwụkwọ. Ihe ngosi nke ndị omenkà a na-agụkarị ihe dị iche na ndị nwoke ibe ha, na-egosi mgbagwoju anya nke isiokwu ahụ. Mary Cassatt's Family Group Reading bụ nnọchiteanya dị ike nke ụmụ nwanyị na-agụ akwụkwọ na-egosipụta njirimara na ntinye aka dị egwu. Ha atọ na-elekwasị anya n'ihe odide ahụ, Cassatt nwekwara ike imesi ike na ịgụ ihe na-abịakwute ụmụ nwanyị dịka nne, site na ise nwa agbọghọ ahụ gbara aka nwanyị ahụ gburugburu ma dọrọ ya n'ime akwụkwọ ahụ.[1]

Hụkwa

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  • Madonna nke Akwụkwọ, c.1480, Sandro Botticelli
  • The Reading, 1877, nke Henri Fantin-Latour dere
  • Nwa agbọghọ na-agụ, c. 1776, Jean-Honoré Fragonard
  • Ụdị:Akwụkwọ na nka

Ihe odide

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  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Conlon (2005). "Men Reading Women Reading: Interpreting Images of Women Readers". Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 26 (2): 37–58. DOI:10.1353/fro.2005.0021. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 Jack (2012). The Woman Reader. Yale University Press, 228–256. ISBN 9780300120455. 
  3. Painting in the Dutch Golden Age: A Profile of the Seventeenth Century. National Gallery of Art, Washington (2007). Retrieved on March 6, 2017.

Njikọ mpụga

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