Ụlọ malt
ụlọ malt, Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe, ma ọ bụ maltings, bụ ụlọ ebe a na-agbanwe ọka ka ọ bụrụ malt site na itinye ya na mmiri, na-enye ya ohere itolite ma kpọọ ya iji kwụsị uto ọzọ. A na-eji malt eme biya, whiskey na nri ụfọdụ. A kwụsịrị ụlọ malt ọdịnala n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na narị afọ nke iri abụọ iji kwado mmepụta igwe. A gbanweela ọtụtụ ụlọ malt maka ihe ndị ọzọ, dị ka Snape Maltings, England, nke bụzi ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ.
Usoro mmepụta
dezieMelting n'ala
dezieA na-ebu ụzọ mmiri mee ka ọka ahụ banye n'olulu mmiri ma ọ bụ olulu mmiri maka otu ụbọchị ma ọ bụ karịa. A na-eji brik ma ọ bụ nkume wuo nke a, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-ejikwa ọta kpuchie ya. Ọ bụ rectangular na ọ bụghị ihe karịrị sentimita 40 (100 miri emi. N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe mmiri kpuchiri ya, ọka ahụ malitere ịbawanye ma mụbaa ya site na pasent 25.[1]
Mgbe ahụ, a na-ewepụ mmiri n'olulu mmiri ahụ ma bufee ọka ahụ n'ụgbọ mmiri ọzọ a na-akpọ sofa, ma ọ bụ ihe owuwu na-adịgide adịgide, ma ọ bụrụ na e ji osisi rụọ ya nwa oge. N'ebe a, a tụkọtara ya 12-16 sentimita (30-41 sentimita) n'omimi, wee malite ịmepụta okpomọkụ ma malite itolite. Ọ nọrọ otu ụbọchị ma ọ bụ abụọ ebe a, dabere na oge na omume maltster.[1]
Mgbe ahụ, a na-agbasa ya n'ala na-eto eto, omimi nke okpomọkụ na-ekpebi, mana omimi zuru oke iji gbaa ahịhịa ume. A na-atụgharị ya n'oge na-adịghị anya iji nweta ọbụna uto ma n'ime ụbọchị iri na anọ sochirinụ ma ọ bụ ya mere a na-atụgharịa ya ma na-ebugharị ya gaa n'ekwú ọkụ. A na-achịkwa okpomọkụ site na ikuku. Otu ụbọchị ma ọ bụ abụọ mgbe a tụgharịrị ọka ahụ n'ala, a na-esi ísì ọma, mgbọrọgwụ wee malite ịpụta n'oge na-adịghị anya. Otu ụbọchị ma ọ bụ karịa ka e mesịrị, ogwe osisi nke ga-abịa n'ọdịnihu malitere ibu ibu, mkpụrụ ya ghọkwara ihe na-emebi emebi ma na-atọ ụtọ. Ka ntolite ahụ na-aga n'ihu, a na-agbasa ọka ahụ n'ala. A kwụsịrị usoro ahụ tupu ogwe osisi ahụ agbawaa mkpo ahụ. N'oge a, a gbanwere ọtụtụ n'ime starch dị n'ime ọka ahụ ka ọ bụrụ maltose ma hapụ ọka ahụ n'ala ka ọ kpọọ nkụ. Nkà nke malting na-adabere na nhazi kwesịrị ekwesị nke mgbanwe ndị a na ọka. Maltsters dịgasị iche n'ụzọ ha si arụ ọrụ, ma kwekọọ na mgbanwe nke ọnọdụ ihu igwe.[1][2]
A na-ebugharị ọka ahụ n'ime ite ọkụ, 4-6 sentimita (10-15 sentimita), maka n'etiti ụbọchị abụọ na anọ, dabere ma achọrọ malt na-enwu gbaa ma ọ bụ nke gbara ọchịchịrị. A na-eji ọkụ na-adịghị ngwa ngwa malite, wee jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ bulie ya iji kwekọọ na ebumnuche nke malt na agba achọrọ. Mgbe ahụ, a na-asa ọka bali ahụ iji wepụ mkpụrụ osisi ahụ ma chekwaa ya ọnwa ole na ole iji mee ka ọ dị ụtọ.[1][2]
Saladin malt
dezie
The Saladin system of mechanical and pneumatic malting was designed for a high performance process. The inventor Charles Saladin was a French engineer. The barley is soaked for an hour to remove swimming barley. This is followed by two hours of soaking to remove attached particles and dust. The next step is a prewashing by water circulation for 30 minutes followed by washing with fresh water and removing the overfall. A dry soak with Àtụ:CO2 exhaustion during 4 hours follows. Several dry and wet soaking steps are to follow. The last step is the transfer to the saladin box.
Arịa dị elu, nke na-epulite ma na-esi ísì ụtọ
dezieỌ bụ ezie na n'ụlọ malt ọdịnala, mmiri na-aga n'ihu, mmiri na Steep, Germinate na Kilning Vessel bụ nke kwụ ọtọ. N'ihi ọnụ ahịa ego dị elu, a na-eji usoro a eme ihe naanị na maltings ụlọ ọrụ maka malt biya.
Na United Kingdom
dezie
Ọtụtụ obodo nwere ụlọ malt na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ, na-enye mkpa nke ndị na-akwụ ụtụ isi obodo, ala na ndị na-emepụta ụlọ. Ụlọ Malt na-adịkarị ogologo, ụlọ dị ala, ọ dịghị ihe karịrị okpukpu abụọ n'ịdị elu, n'ụdị obodo. Okpomọkụ dị elu na-egbochi germination nke ọka bali, ya mere ọtụtụ ụlọ malt na-arụ ọrụ naanị n'oge oyi. Nke a nyere ndị ọrụ ugbo ọrụ, bụ́ ndị ọrụ na-adịchaghị mkpa n'oge ọnwa oyi. [3]
N'ime narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, ọtụtụ obere ụlọ mmanya na-apụ n'anya. Usoro emelitere na-enye ohere ka ndị na-emepụta mmanya buru ibu na ndị ọkachamara maltsters rụpụta malting nke ha ma na-arụ ọrụ kwa afọ. A na-edobekarị ihe ndị a n'ụlọ nwere nnukwu ọnụ ụlọ. Ọ dịkwa mma ibufe malt karịa ọka bali gaa n'ebe a na-eme mmanya, ya mere ọtụtụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe na-edozi malting nke ha n'akụkụ okporo ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na mpaghara ndị na-eto eto ọka bali nke dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ England.[3]
Ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, ewepụtara pneumatic malting, bụ nke a na-eme ka ọka bali na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-ejikwa nlezianya na-achịkwa okpomọkụ, na-eme ngwa ngwa. Nnukwu ala ụlọ malting adịkwaghị mkpa, ma ike oriri dị elu, ya mere a na-ejizi ime ụlọ nke ọma ruo narị afọ nke iri abụọ.[3] Ọ bụ naanị obere ala mating ọdịnala ka na-eji.[4]
Ihe owuwu ndị a ma ama
dezieIhe ndị na-esonụ niile bụ ụlọ ndị e depụtara na Grade II, ọ gwụla ma edepụtara ya.
- Ye Old Corner Cupboard na Winchcombe, Gloucestershire. Ọ bụbu ụlọ ọrụ ugbo, ugbu a ọ bụ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, 1872, nwere ụlọ malt nke narị afọ nke 19 n'otu nku.
- Ụlọ Malt dị na Alton, Staffordshire. Ụlọ nwere ụlọ nkwakọba ihe, na maltkiln na cellars n'okpuru ala. Ná ngwụsị narị afọ nke 17. N'okpuru ụlọ ahụ, a na-enwe oghere dị n'okpuru ala, nke a na-etinye n'ala, nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ maltkiln.
- Great Cliff Malt House na Chevet, West Yorkshire. Ná mmalite nke narị afọ nke 17. Ụlọ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ. Ụlọ malt bụ otu arịa nwere ogwe osisi dị arọ na purlins na-akwado ala lime-ash.
- Warminster Maltings na Wiltshire, narị afọ nke 18, wughachiri 1879. Njem ndị otu na-enye. [5]
- Tuckers Maltings na Newton Abbot, Devon, wuru 1900; Grade II depụtara. A na-emeghe ọha na eze maka njem ndị a na-eduzi.[6]
- Great Ryburgh maltings (ọ bụghị ụlọ edepụtara) na Norfolk anọwo na-emepụta malt na ala malting ọdịnala ruo narị afọ abụọ. E wuru ụlọ kachasị ochie fọdụrụ na 1890s ma nwee okpukpu atọ na-arụ ọrụ ebe ndị ọrụ atọ na-eme ihe dị ka tọn malt 3,000 kwa afọ. N'afọ 2004, ụlọ ọrụ ọgbara ọhụrụ dị n'ebe ahụ mepụtara ihe dị ka tọn 112,000.[4]
- Dereham Maltings (1881, Grade II depụtara) na Dereham, Norfolk, a gbanwere ya ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ mgbe mmepụta kwagara na Great Ryburgh. [7]
- Ditherington Flax Mill, nke bụbu ụlọ ọrụ flax na Shrewsbury, Shropshire, gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ maltings na 1898. Grade I depụtara maka ihe owuwu ọhụrụ ya.
- Sleaford" id="mwiw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Bass Maltings, Sleaford">Bass Maltings mejupụtara ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na obodo ahịa Lincolnshire nke Sleaford, nke a na-ejighị mee ihe kemgbe 1959. E wuru n'etiti 1901 na 1907 na atụmatụ Herbert A. Couchman maka ụlọ ọrụ na-aṅụ mmanya Bass, maltings bụ nnukwu ihe mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ha na England.
Ụtụ isi malt
dezieE webatara ụtụ isi malt na Britain na 1697, ma wepụ ya na 1880.
Ọnụ ego maka ọka bali a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ 6d. kwa bushel na 1697 ma rịa elu ruo 2s. 7d. na 1834.[1] N'afọ 1789, ụtụ isi malt nwetara £ nde, 11.5% nke ụtụ isi niile. N'afọ 1802, ụtụ malt si na 1s rịa elu. 4 . a bushel na 2s. 5d., mgbe ahụ gaa na 4s. 5 . na 1804, nke mkpa ọ dị ịkwado Agha French nke 1793-1815 mere ka ọ dị elu.[8] N'afọ 1865, a kọrọ na ngụkọta ego a na-enweta bụ nde sterling isii kwa afọ.[9]
E nwekwara ọtụtụ iwu e debere gbasara usoro ịhịa aka n'ahụ. A ghaghị ịrụ olulu mmiri na ihe ndina ahụ n'ụzọ pụrụ iche, iji kwe ka onye ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri tụọ ọka. Maltster aghaghị inye ọkwa tupu ya agbaze ọka ọ bụla; 24 awa n'ime obodo ma ọ bụ ahịa-obodo, 48 awa n'ebe ọzọ. Ekwesịrị iji mmiri kpuchie ọka ahụ ruo awa 48, ewezuga otu awa maka ịgbanwe mmiri. Enwere ike itinye ọka n'olulu mmiri n'etiti elekere asatọ nke ụtụtụ ruo elekere abụọ nke ehihie, wee wepụta ya n'etiti elekere asaa nke ụtụtụ ruo elekere anọ. Ọ ga-anọrịrị na etiti ihe ndina opekata mpe awa iri abụọ na isii. Ozugbo a chụpụrụ n'olulu ahụ, a pụghị fesa ya ruo ụbọchị iri na abụọ. A ghaghị idebe akwụkwọ nyocha ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ndekọ ego iji dekọọ usoro na nlele nke ọka n'ime olulu mmiri, ihe ndina, na n'ala.[1] Ejiri nlezianya tụọ olu ọka ahụ, dabere na obosara, ogologo na ịdị elu ya, wee gbakọọ site na mgbakọ echiche, mkpịsị akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ, ma ọ bụ iwu slide. Ọrụ a ga-ana dabere n'ihe nlele kacha ukwuu nke olulu mmiri, ihe ndina ma ọ bụ ala ka etinyere ihe ruru 1.6 na nnukwu olulu mmiri ma ọ bụ ihe ndina.[10]
Hụkwa
dezie- Oast house - ụdị ụlọ ọzọ a na-eji emepụta biya maka ịcha hops, nke nwere ụdị ihe yiri ya n'elu
Ebem si dee
dezie- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 (1835) Commissioners of Inquiry into the excise establishment, and into the management and collection of the excise revenue throughout the United Kingdom. Malt.. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1–69.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 How Malt is Made. Great Dunmow Maltings (2014). Archived from the original on 24 January 2016. Retrieved on 24 April 2015.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Palmer (1994). Industry in the Landscape: 1700–1900. Routledge, 34–36. ISBN 978-0-415-11206-2.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Pollitt (24 January 2004). Norfolk's maltsters to the world. Hidden Norfolk. Archived from the original on 3 April 2005. Retrieved on 9 March 2009.
- ↑ Tours of the Maltings (en-GB). Warminster Maltings. Retrieved on 2020-10-25.
- ↑ Tuckers Maltings. Torquay. Archived from the original on 18 June 2015. Retrieved on 24 April 2015.
- ↑ Dereham Maltings (Crisp Malting Group) Norwich Road DEREHAM. Norfolk County Council. Archived from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved on 22 April 2009.
- ↑ Clark (1998). The British Malting Industry Since 1830. Continuum International Publishing Group, 24. ISBN 1-85285-170-8.
- ↑ "How they Tax Common Luxuries in England.", The New York Times, 26 February 1865. Retrieved on 8 March 2009.
- ↑ Nesbit (1822). "IV Malt Gauging", A treatise on practical gauging. Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans, 428–448.