Ụlọ ikpe Benin na ihe osise

^[1]Ụlọikpe na nka emume mebere dị mkpa nke nka Benin . Ememe nkeonwe na nke ọha na-egosi ọtụtụ oge dị mkpa na kalenda afọ Benin . N'oge gara aga, a na-eme emume dị iche iche n'ime afọ niile nkwado nkwado nke ụwa ọzọ maka ụdị ala-eze na ime emume ndị dị mkpa na ndị ntolite ya.

Pectoral, ihe ịchọ mma hip na pendants n'úkwù

Pendant n'úkwù ya na Oba na ndị ọbịa abụọ, sitere na mkpokọta nke ihe ngosi mgbe ochie nke Brookly.

isi na ndị nwe aha na Benin na-eyi ụdị ihe ndị egwuregwu mma ọla dị iche iche dị ka nke akwa akwa ha maka emume n'obi eze. Ọtụtụ na-eyi n'úkwù aka ekpe, na-ekpuchi mmechi nke uwe mwụda ha kechiri. A na-pọọ kọpa, a na-eyikarị ha n'ahịrị ma na-ejide ya site na nnukwu loops dị n'elu na ala azụ nke ihe omume mma ahụ.^[2]

Ihe mkpuchi pectoral na-egosi ihu mmadụ nke ejiri flange ịchọ mma nwere loops maka obere rattles metal, nke a na-akpọ crotals, na ala, n'okpuru ntị, yana n'ahịrị nke trapezoids na-emepụta n'elu, n'elu ntị. ^[2] A na-etinye ọkpọiso ihu nke pectoral masks na rectangles ígwè, nke a maara dị ka ikan aro ("okpete anya"), nke na-enye ihu anya nke mkpebi siri ike, ike na ike kwesịrị ekwesị maka onye ọchịchị. ^[3]

^[4]Ihe ahụ mma ndị isi na-eyi n'úkwù aka ekpe ha na- agụ ọgụgụ ihu mmadụ mana ha dị iche n'ụdị pectoral. Ha nwere flange a na-achọ mma gburugburu ala nke ihu, na- agụkarị ma ọ bụ apịtị ajị anụ, lattice openwork ma ọ bụ guilloche, ma ọ bụ akwa akwa akwa, nke nwere ahịrị obere loops anọ n'okpuru ma ọ bụ n'azụ ya. [1] A na- akara olu akwa bead coral n'okpuru ihu, n'elu ihu ka e see okpu coral bead nke nlere coral n'ụdị ya. Ihu nwere akara keloid scarification atọ eweli elu ( ikharo ) n'elu anya ọ llala. A na-eji mpe mpere kechie ihe mgbanwe ụfọdụ n'egedege ihu na/ma ọ bụ imi. Oadi ka mkpa maka akara a bụ na ọ na-egosi urebo, mkpa nke herbs na nzu, nke a na-akpa na imi na ọkpọiso iji ihe ize ndụ n'oge emee. [2] Nkà mbụ asụsụ aro na ike àjà na-egosi a.

Loops nkwusioru n'elu na-egosi na a na-eyi pendant n'úkwù. Ọtụtụ pendants Benin webatara ogige dị okirikiri ma ọ bụ ọta n'ime atụmatụ ha.

Opi na-efe n'akụkụ

Opi a na-afụ n'akụkụ, sitere na nchịkọta ihe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke Brooklyn

Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Hornblower, site na nchịkọta nke Brooklyn Museum

Akohen bụ nnukwu opi a na-afụ n'akụkụ nke e ji ọdụ́ kpụrụ ma na-akpọ ndị na-ejide Oba mgbe ọ pụtara n'uwe emume zuru oke n'ememe eze. ^[5] Ndị akohen na-eji egwu dị omimi na-enye Oba otuto na ụda dị omimi, nke na-adụpu, na anya, ọdụ ọcha ha na-egosi akụ na ụba, ike na ịdị ọcha nke Oba. ^[2]

Dika omenala onu si kwuo, Oba Erasin webatara akohen n'agbanyeghi na udi opi a na-afụ n'akụkụ ndi ozo di na mbu. ^[6]

Ụgbọ mmiri Brass na arụ ọrụ

Igbe dị n'ụdị isi agụ owuru, site na nchịkọta nke ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Brooklyn

.Akwara ụgbọ ala dị iche iche na Benin, pịa bọket, kpok, ite, igbe na aquamaniles n'ụdị agụ owuru na ebule. Ọkụkụ ihe mere eme na-ekele Oba Ewuare, bụ onye chịrị n'etiti ndị mbụ adọ nke iri na ise, na mbụ enwetara arịa ndị a maka iji mee ihe n'ememe eze. [1] Dị ka omenala ọnụ si kwuo, Ewuare arịa arlada ahụ, mara coral-bead regalia, site n'obí dị n'okpuru mmiri nke Olokun, chi nke oké osimiri. [2] A na-akpọ iru, ihe ndị a e jiamụ ihe bụ ndị e ji mee ihe n’ arụsị nna Olokun, bụ́ Osanobua, bụ́ chi okike. Dị ka ahụ ahụ si kwuo, Ewuare iwu olu n'ime ụgbọ mmiri ndị na-ekwughachi "ise, ise, ise," omume omume. Ọ kpọghachitere arịa ndị ahụ n’obí ya, bụ́ ebe e debere ha n’ịrụ arụsị steeti Benin, bụ́ Ebo n’Edo.

Na Benin taa, ndị ọkachamara n'ememe a maara dị ka Emuru, bụ́ ndị na-eje ozi n'ụlọ arụsị Ebo n-Edo, na-ebu arịa ọla na ihe nchebe. ^[7] A na-ahụ ụlọ nsọ Ebo n’Edo, mmụọ ya, ndị ụkọchukwu na-ejere ha ozi, na ihe ndị a na-eji eme emume ha bụ ihe nrụtụ aka n’isi mmalite nke ndị eze na ikike nke Obas ketara . Ụgbọ mmiri Benin nwere uru dị ukwuu karịa ọrụ ha bara uru; ha na-arutu aka na ikike nna nna Oba, na Ewuare, na ike sitere na nmekorita Oba na Olokun. ^[2]

Agụ bụ ụdị zoomorphic aquamanile a na-ahụkarị na Benin. Agụ, "Eze ọhịa," bụ otu n'ime akara ndị bụ isi nke Oba na nka Benin, na-egosipụta oke egwu ya na ọdịdị ike.

Mgbịrịgba abụọ a (Egogo), ugbu a na nchịkọta nke Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Brooklyn, bụ otu n'ime ihe ọkpụkpụ ọdụm Africa kacha ochie dị ndụ; naanị isii n'ime gong ọdụm ndị a ka amara. Oba(eze) jiri gong abuo mee emume Emobo chupu mmuo ojoo. Ihe osise ebe a na-egosi oba, onye ọchịagha ya na onye nketa ya kwadoro.

A na-akpọ gong abụọ nke ọdụ́ a kpụrụ akpụ nke ọma n'ihi iko nke abụọ na-emegharị emegharị n'ihu ha. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, ihe oyiyi dị n'etiti bụ oba na coral regalia nke ndị isi nchụaja osa na osuan na-akwado, ndị isi na-elekọta ebe ịchụàjà nke chi abụọ na-akwado alaeze ahụ. A ka na-ebu gongs ndị a taa site oba n'oge Emobo, nke ikpeazụ nke emume ike nke ememe Igue . Oba na-eji nwayọọ kụtụ ngwa ọgbara ọhụrụ ahụ, na-emepụta ụda ụda iji mee ka obi dị jụụ na ịchụpụ mmụọ na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ site n'alaeze ahụ.

Ntụaka

↑ Benin. Kings and Rituals: Court Arts from Nigeria. The Art Institute of Chicago. Retrieved on 1 May 2013.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Ezra (1992). Royal art of Benin : the Perls collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 0870996320. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Ezra" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Nevadomsky (1986). "The Benin Bronze Horseman as the Alta of Idah". African Arts 19 (4). DOI:10.2307/3336286.
↑ Dark (1983). in Paula Ben-Amon and Arnold Rubin: The Art of Power / The Power of Art. Los Angeles, Museum of Cultural History, Exhibition Catalogue.
↑ Melzian (1937). A Concise Dictionary of the Bini Language of Southern Nigeria.
↑ Egharevba (1960). A Short History of Benin.
↑ Blackmun (1988). "From Trader to Priest in 200 Years: The Transformation of a Foreign Figure on Benin Ivories". Art Journal 47 (2): 128–38. DOI:10.1080/00043249.1988.10792405.

Njikọ mpụga

Royal Art of Benin: The Perls Collection, ihe ngosi ihe ngosi sitere na The Metropolitan Museum of Art (nke zuru oke na ntanetị dị ka PDF), nke nwere ihe dị na ụlọ ikpe Benin na nka emume.

[1] Benin. Kings and Rituals: Court Arts from Nigeria. The Art Institute of Chicago. Retrieved on 1 May 2013.

[Ezra-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Ezra (1992). Royal art of Benin : the Perls collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 0870996320. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Ezra" defined multiple times with different content

[Nevadomsky_1986-3] Nevadomsky (1986). "The Benin Bronze Horseman as the Alta of Idah". African Arts 19 (4). DOI:10.2307/3336286.

[Dark_1983-4] Dark (1983). in Paula Ben-Amon and Arnold Rubin: The Art of Power / The Power of Art. Los Angeles, Museum of Cultural History, Exhibition Catalogue.

[Melzian-5] Melzian (1937). A Concise Dictionary of the Bini Language of Southern Nigeria.

[Egharevba_1960-6] Egharevba (1960). A Short History of Benin.

[Blackmun_1988-7] Blackmun (1988). "From Trader to Priest in 200 Years: The Transformation of a Foreign Figure on Benin Ivories". Art Journal 47 (2): 128–38. DOI:10.1080/00043249.1988.10792405.

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