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Ụlọ Nnụnụ (ihe ngosi nka)

Ụlọ Nnụnụ (ihe ngosi nka)
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mba/obodoSouth Africa Dezie
dị na ngalaba nhazi mpagharaDr Beyers Naudé Local Municipality Dezie
ebeNieu-Bethesda Dezie
nhazi ọnọdụ31°52′3″S 24°33′10″E Dezie
heritage designationNational heritage site of South Africa Dezie
webụsaịtịhttp://owlhouse.org.za/owlhouse.html Dezie
Map

Ụlọ Owl bụ ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na Nieu-Bethesda, Eastern Cape, South Africa . Onye nwe ya, Helen Martins, tụgharịrị ụlọ ya na ebe gbara ya gburugburu ka ọ bụrụ ebe ọhụụ, nke a na-eji iko ala chọọ ya mma nke ukwuu ma nwee ihe karịrị 300 ihe ọkpụkpụ nke gụnyere ikwiikwii, camel, peacocks, pyramids, na ndị mmadụ. O ketara ụlọ ahụ n'aka nne na nna ya wee malite mgbanwe ya mgbe ha nwụsịrị. [1]

 

Helen Martins

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Helen Martins bụ onye na-ese ihe na-eme ihe n'èzí [2] bụ onye na-anọgide na-abụ ihe mgbagwoju anya. [3] Amụrụ na 23 Disemba 1897 na Nieu-Bethesda, ọ bụ ọdụdụ n'ime ụmụaka isii dị ndụ nke Pieter Jakobus Martins na Hester Catharina Cornelia van der Merwe. [4] [5]

Helen gụrụ akwụkwọ na Graaf-Reinet wee nweta diplọma nkuzi na kọleji ndị nkuzi dị na Graaf-Reinet (nke bụzi kọleji ọzụzụ ndị uwe ojii). [5]

Na 1919, Helen Martins kwagara Transvaal ebe ọ malitere nkuzi. Na 7 Jenụwarị 1920, ọ lụrụ onye ọrụ ibe ya aha ya bụ Willem Johannes Pienaar. [6] [7] Di na nwunye a mere njem gburugburu obodo na-eme ihe nkiri na Transvaal, Cape Town na Port Elizabeth. Alụmdi na nwunye ha enweghị obi ụtọ, Helen hapụkwara di ya ọtụtụ oge. O mechara gbaa Pienaar alụkwaghịm na 1926. [6] [7]

Oge ụfọdụ gburugburu 1927 ma ọ bụ 1928, Helen laghachiri na Nieu-Bethesda, bụ ebe ọ nọrọ afọ 31 na-esote na-elekọta nne na nna ya merela agadi. Nne ya Hester, onye a kọrọ na ya na ya nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya, nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa kansa ara na 1941. [6] [7] A kọwawo nna ya n'ụzọ dị iche iche dị ka "ihe na-enweghị isi na nke na-achọsi ike" [4] na ikekwe onye mkparị. [6] O biri n'ọnụ ụlọ dị n'èzí, nwere stovu na akwa ọ ga-ehi ụra. Mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị n'ihi ọrịa kansa afọ na 1945, [6] Helen gbachiri windo, tee ọnụ ụlọ ya oji, ma tinye akara na-agụ "Ọgba Ọdụm". [8]

Ihe owuwu

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  Ndị mụrụ ya hapụrụ Helen ụlọ. Mgbe ha nwụsịrị Martins malitere ịgbanwe ụlọ na ubi ahụ, na-etinye ọtụtụ afọ na-emepụta gburugburu ọhụụ . [9] [5]

Ekwenyere na ọ malitere n'ime ụlọ ahụ, na-ewe ndị obodo Jonas Adams na Piet van der Merwe ka ha mee mgbanwe nhazi, na iji iko ala kpuchie elu ime ụlọ. Window, enyo na ọkụ kwalitekwara ìhè n'ime. [1] [10] Martins jikwa ciment na waya, na-achọ ime ime ụlọ ya ma mesịa wuo ihe ọkpụkpụ n'ubi ya. [11] [12] Onye mmekọ ya na onye hụrụ ya n'anya bụ Johannes Hattingh rụrụ anụmanụ ciment mbụ ma wuo ọtụtụ n'ime ụlọ anụ ọhịa mbụ nke Owl. [8] Na 1964, Koos Malgas sonyeere ya n'ọrụ ya, bụ onye nyeere ya aka ịrụ ihe ọkpụkpụ n'èzí a na-akpọ Camel Yard. [13] Nke ha bụ usoro mmekorita siri ike, na-ezukọ kwa ụbọchị iji chepụta ma mepụta ọrụ ọhụrụ. [14]

Martins sitere n'ihe odide Akwụkwọ Nsọ nke Ndị Kraịst, uri Omar Khayyam, na ọrụ dị iche iche nke William Blake dere. [11] Ogige Camel nwere ihe osise 300, ọtụtụ ikwiikwii, kamel, na ndị mmadụ. Ọtụtụ na-eche ihu n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ dị ka ụtụ maka mmasị Martins nwere maka Mecca na Orient . Ihe ịrịba ama dị na mbara ala na-ekwu "Nke a bụ Ụwa m." [1]

Enwere aro na ndị agbata obi ha nwere ike na-enyo mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Malgas, nwoke nwere agba, na Martins, nwanyị ọcha . [15] E nwekwara aro ndị Martins na ndị agbata obi ya nwere àgwà ọma (bụ ndị e kwuru na ọ na-eresị mmanya na-aba n’anya n’ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị) na-emekọrịta ihe karịa ka ya na ndị òtù Chọọchị Dutch Reformed na-akpachi anya. [6] [7] Ka o sina dị, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị ntakịrị (ma na-amụbawanye ka ọ na-etolite), Helen Martins kpọrọ ndị agbata obi ya ka ha lelee ụlọ ya mgbe a na-achọ ya maka Krismas. [15] E nwekwara ihe àmà na-egosi na ndị agbata obi ya nyere aka lekọta nna Helen n’afọ ikpeazụ ya, nakwa na ha na-enye ya nri mgbe ọ na-adịghị elekọta onwe ya. [6] Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ya na obodo o bi na ya bụ ihe mgbagwoju anya ma na-esikarị ike. [6]

Ọnwụ

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Martin nọrọ ogologo oge ịhụ enyo mara mma e gwepịara egwepịa nke ọ na-eji chọọ mgbidi na uko ụlọ ya mma mechara mee ka anya ya malite ịda ada. Nke a mere ka ọ nwaa igbu onwe ya site n'itinye caustic soda na 6 August 1976 mgbe ọ dị afọ 78. [8] [6] [16] A chọtara ya wee buga ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Graaff-Reinet, ebe ọ nwụrụ na 8 Ọgọst 1976. [17]

Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka

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Dịka ọchịchọ ya siri dị, [5] ka edobere ụlọ ikwiikwii dị ka ebe ngosi nka. Na 1991, Ndị Enyi nke Ụlọ Owl mere ndokwa ka Koos Malgas laghachi Nieu-Bethesda ilekọta saịtị ahụ. Owl House Foundation, nke e hibere na 1996, na-ejikwa saịtị ahụ ugbu a. [1] Ekwuputara ụlọ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ebe ihe nketa mpaghara na 1989 [4] wee mepee ya dị ka ebe ngosi nka na 1992. [18]

Na omenala ewu ewu

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Athol Fugard bipụtara egwuregwu dabere na Helen Martins [19] na 1985 akpọrọ The Road to Mecca, bụ nke e mechara mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri nke otu aha ahụ. N'afọ 2015, ndị otu ihe nkiri Abbhivyaktee sitere na Panaji (Goa) mepụtara egwuregwu Marathi Prawaas . Saish Deshpande dere ma duzie ya, akụkọ Martin na egwuregwu Athol Fugard metụtara egwuregwu a.

Na 2013, a tọhapụrụ ihe nkiri redio - DRAADWERK site na Daleen Kruger na ọrụ redio Afrikaans, RSG .

Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka

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  •  
    Otu n'ime ime ụlọ nke nwere ugegbe a gbajiri agbaji na ike.
  •  
    Ihe ọkpụkpụ dị n'ogige, ọtụtụ na-eche ihu n'ebe egwuregwu.
  •  
    Mechie otu n'ime ihe ọkpụkpụ.

Ntụaka

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "The Owl House, Nieu-Bethesda, South Africa", PBS Independent Lens. Retrieved on 11 March 2016.
  2. ↑ Helen Martins. Outsider Art Now (27 June 2014). Retrieved on 11 March 2016.
  3. ↑ Marsh (1994). Unsolved mysteries of Southern Africa. Cape Town: Struik. ISBN 9781868254064. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Verwey (1995). New dictionary of South African biography, 1st, Pretoria: HSRC Publishers, 160–162. ISBN 9780796916488. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Helen Elizabeth Martins. South African History Online. Retrieved on 11 March 2016.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 Ross (1997). This is my world : the life of Helen Martins, creator of the Owl House. Cape Town: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195715163. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 The Extraordinary Life of Helen Martins. lynnssite (February 2015). Retrieved on 1 February 2015.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Emslie (1997). A journey through the Owl House. Johannesburg: Penguin Books. ISBN 9780140255560. 
  9. ↑ Other Visionary Art Environments. Philadelphia Magic Garden. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved on 11 March 2016.
  10. ↑ The Owl House – The owlhouse. theowlhouse.co.za. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved on 4 March 2016.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Pinchuck (2012). The rough guide to South Africa, Lesotho & Swaziland.. London: Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1405386500. 
  12. ↑ Collins (1 June 1986). "South African Gaudi: Helen Martins". Women Artists News. ISSN 0149-7081. Retrieved on 4 March 2016. 
  13. ↑ McLean (2014). Double Desire: Transculturation and Indigenous Contemporary Art. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 9781443867436. 
  14. ↑ Malgas (2008). Koos Malgas, sculptor of the Owl House. Nieu Bethesda: Firelizard. ISBN 9780953505821. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Outsider Art, Outsider Artists : South Africa's Queen of Outsider Art, Helen Martins. Art and Design Inspiration (15 December 2013).
  16. ↑ Smiedt (2004). Are we there yet : chasing a childhood through South Africa. St. Lucia, Qld.: University of Queensland Press. ISBN 978-0702233845. 
  17. ↑ Helen Martins – The owlhouse. theowlhouse.co.za. Retrieved on 4 March 2016.
  18. ↑ Plessis (2000). Tourism destinations southern Africa. [Kenwyn, South Africa]: Juta. ISBN 9780702152726. 
  19. ↑ The Owl House of Nieu-Bethesda. Encounter South Africa. Retrieved on 11 March 2016.

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