Ụkpụrụ ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi

Ụkpụrụ ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi bụ ngalaba ọmụmụ nke ná etinyekota iwu ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi na ntụle ụkpụrụ omume maka ihe mgbaru ọsọ a nabatara. N'iburu ọtụtụ nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na-eche ọha mmadụ ihu taa, enwere ike itinye ezi ọnọdụ ziri ezi n'ọrụ iji nweta nkwekọrịta n'etiti ọdịmma na-emegiderịta onwe ha, dị ka anthropocentrism, nlekọta ụwa, ụkpụrụ okpukpe, mmepe akụ na ụba, na ahụike ọha na eze. Nwa obere ihe atụ nke ọzụzụ sayensị metụtara ụkpụrụ ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi gụnyere: gburugburu ebe obibi, toxicology, epidemiology, na exposure biology.

Nchịkwa ahụhụ

Ana eji ọgwụ ahụhụ eme ihe n'ụwa niile iji mata ọtú ága-eji chịkwaa, chụpụ, ma ọ bụ gbuo ụdị ahụhụ. Ọ bụ ezie na a pụrụ ịmata ọtụtụ ụdị ụmụ ahụhụ n'ụwa niile, ndị ọzọ nwere ike imerụ ahụ ike mmadụ na ọdịmma mgbe ha na-enye uru na gburugburu ebe obibi nke mpaghara. Otu ihe atụ nke ihe a bụ ikike aṅụ nwere ịfụ onye nwere ike inwe mmeghachi omume siri ike, ọ bụ ezie na ha na-arụkwa ọrụ dị oke mkpa na mmịpụta nke gburugburu ebe obibi. Ihe atụ ọzọ ga-abụ ụdị bat dị iche iche, nke ọ bụ ezie na ha nwere ike ibufe rabies, na-enyekwa aka ịchịkwa ọnụ ọgụgụ anwụnta.

Mmetọ na mkpofu

Ikuku, mmiri, na mmetọ nsị siri ike bụ nsogbu ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi nke nwere ike imetụta ndị mmadụ, osisi, na anụmanụ. Site na ụkpụrụ ziri ezi, enwere ike ịmụ ọtụtụ umuihe gbasara mmetọ, dị ka ajụjụ banyere mkpofu, nchekwa, imegharị ihe, na ibu ọrụ. Ihe atụ ole na ole nke ikuku na-emetọ ikuku gụnyere ihe, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, chlorofluorocarbons, na ọla dị arọ (dịka mercury). Ikekwe ihe arụmụka kachasị mma gbasara mmetọ ikuku bụ otu esi mekwara mmepe akụ na ụba megide ọdịmma nke ahụike ọha, nchekwa, na ịdị ọcha. N'akụkụ abụọ ahụ na-enye uru na ihe ndọghachi azụ ọ nwere ike isiri ike ịmepụta nkwekọrịta a na-anakwere. Iwu e mere iji gbochie iji chlorofluorocarbons eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe, nke na-akpata nnukwu mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi, enwere ike ịhụ ya dị ka otu ihe atụ nke mmepe akụ na ụba na-ebute ahụike ọha na eze ụzọ.

Edensibia

Resnik. Environmental Health Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-02395-6.

Cranor C. 2011. Legally Poisoned: How the Law Puts Us at Risk from Toxicants. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Elliott KC. 2011. Obere mmetọ ọ dị mma maka gị? Ịtinye ụkpụrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na nyocha gburugburu ebe obibi. New York: Oxford University Press.

Gardiner S, Caney S, Jamieson D, na Shue H (ed.). Omume ihu igwe: ọgụgụ dị mkpa. New York: Oxford University Press.

Shrader-Frechette KS. 2002. Ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi: Ịmepụta Equity, Iweghachi ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. New York: Oxford University Press.