Ụdị ndị na-adabere na nchekwa

Ụdị ndị na adabere na nchekwa bụ ụdị anụmanụ ma ọ bụ osisi nke chọrọ ntinye aka na aga n'ihu na njikwa anụ ọhịa dị ka njikwa anụ na eri ibe ya, njikwa ebe obibi na njikwa parasite iji dịrị ndụ, ọbụlagodi mgbe a na enweta mgbake onwe onye na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ.^[1]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

Okwu ahụ bụ "ụdị ndị na-adabere na nchekwa" sitere na nchedo ihe ndị dị ndụ nke Iwu nke ụdịdị dị n'ihe egwu na Iri Atọ Project (nke malitere na 2001) na mgbasawanye ya site n'aka onye ndu ọrụ J. Michael Scott.^[2]^[3] Ojiji mbụ ya na mbipụta iwu kwadoro bụ na Frontiers na Ecology na gburugburu na 2005. [citation needed] Ojiji a na-eji okwu ahụ eme n'ụwa niile emebeghị ma ọ pụtabeghị na mbipụta a chịkọtara na mpụga North America.

Akụkụ nke Iwu Ụdị Dị n'Ọnwụ (ESA) nke afọ 1973 buuru ya echiche na a ga ewepụ ụdị dị n'ihe ize ndụ ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ha na agbake. O chere na ha ga enwe ọganihu n'okpuru iwu ndị dị ugbu a na nchebe enyere n'okpuru ESA agaghịzi adị mkpa. Otú ọ dị, pasent iri asatọ nke ụdị dị ugbu a edepụtara n'okpuru ESA enweghị ike izute echiche ahụ. Iji dịrị ndụ, ha chọrọ ntinye aka nchekwa nke ụdị (dịka njikwa nke ndị na eri ibe ha, ndị na asọmpi, parasites nke akwukwo, ọkụ a tụrụ aro, usoro mmiri gbanwere, wdg) ya mere ha na-adabere na nchekwa.^[4]

Ihe ndị e ji mara

Ntọala maka ịtụle ma ụdị ọ dabere na nchekwa bụ:^[5]

A maara ihe iyi egwu maka ụdị ndị na aga n'ihu ma nwee ike ịgwọ ha.
Egwu ndị ahụ na agbasa ma na apụta ugboro ugboro, dịka ọmụmaatụ: parasites, ndị na abụghị ndị na eri ibe ha, nsogbu mmadụ.
Egwu ndị ahụ na eme ka ụdị ahụ nọrọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke mkpochapụ, enweghị nlekọta nchekwa na aga n'ihu.
A chọpụtala usoro nchịkwa zuru ezu iji gbochie egwu ma nwee ike itinye ya n'ọrụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ: ọkụ ọkụ, ihe mgbochi na ịta nri ma ọ bụ ohere ọha na eze, onye na eri anụ ma ọ bụ njikwa parasite.
Gọọmentị mba, steeti ma ọ bụ nke ime obodo, mgbe mgbe na mmekorita ya na ọdịmma onwe onye ma ọ bụ agbụrụ, nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nchịkwa dị mkpa ma ọ bụrụhaala na ọ dị mkpa.

Omume nchịkwa

E nwere isi mpaghara ise nke ọrụ nchịkwa maka nchekwa nke ụdị ndị na adịghị ike:

Nchịkwa nke ụdị ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịgụnye: njikwa nke anụmanụ ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ, osisi ndị dịpụrụ iche, ụdị ndị ọzọ na parasites na ọrịa.
Nchịkwa nke mmetụta mmadụ kpọmkwem nwere ike ịgụnye ịchịkwa ịta ahịhịa, ohere mmadụ, n'ụgbọala na n'èzí, ntụrụndụ na-enweghị mmetụta na nchịkọta iwu na-akwadoghị na ịchụ nta.
Nchịkwa mmetọ nwere ike ịgụnye njikwa nke kemịkal na-agbapụta, siltation, ogo mmiri na ojiji nke ọgwụ ahụhụ na ọgwụ ahịhịa.
Nchịkwa ebe obibi na-arụ ọrụ nwere ike ịgụnye njikwa ọkụ na njikwa, njikwa mbuze ala na mmiri, mweghachi ebe obibi na njikwa ahịhịa.
Nchịkọta ndị mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ nwere ike ịgụnye mgbasa nke ndị a dọtara n'agha (migration) ma ọ bụ ịzụlite ndị a dọọrọ n'agha.^[5]

Nnyocha ikpe

Agụ Bengal na Bannerghatta National Park, Bangalore, India.

Ihe atụ a ma ama bụ na India, ebe a na ewere agụ, anụ na eri anụ na anụmanụ mba, dị ka ụdị na adabere na nchekwa. Ụdị isi ihe a nwere ike ịnọgide na enwe ndị na akwado onwe ha; Otú ọ dị, ha chọrọ usoro nchịkwa na aga n'ihu n'ihi na egwu na agbasa, na apụta ugboro ugboro ma na etinye ha n'ihe ize ndụ nke mkpochapụ. Mmalite nke egwu ndị a gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nhazi nke ọha mmadụ na India. Agụ agwụla n'ebe ụfọdụ n'ihi ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka mbibi ebe obibi, ịchụ nta, ọrịa, idei mmiri, ọkụ na ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, mbelata nke ụdị anụ oriri maka otu ihe ahụ, yana ihe ndị dị n'ime dị ka ọnụọgụ mmadụ na mmebi nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.

N'ịghọta ntụkwasị obi nchedo nke agụ, Agụ Project na eguzobe usoro sayensị nke mba maka nlekota ọnụọgụ agụ iji jikwaa ụdị ahụ nke ọma. India ugbu a nwere ebe nchekwa agụ 28, nke dị na steeti 17. Ebe nchekwa ndị a na ekpuchi 37,761 uare kilota (14,580 sq mi) gụnyere 1.14% nke ngụkọta ala nke mba ahụ. A na edebe ebe nchekwa ndị a na enweghị nsogbu nke ihe ndị dị ndụ, ọrụ ọhịa, nchịkọta nke obere ngwaahịa ọhịa, ịta nri na nsogbu mmadụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ agụ ndị dị n'ebe nchekwa ndị a ugbu a mejupụtara ụfọdụ n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ agụ kachasị mkpa na mba ahụ.^[6]

Ọdịnihu

Nnukwu na ọsọ nke mmetụta mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi na eme ka o yighị ka a ga enwe ọganihu dị ukwuu n'iwepụ ọtụtụ ụdị ọ gwụla ma nkọwa nke "nweghachi" gụnyere ụdị njikwa ọrụ. Igbochi ụdị ndị e wepụrụ na ndepụta ka ha ghara ịnọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke mkpochapụ nwere ike ịchọ ịga n'ihu, usoro nchịkwa nke ụdị. Ịhụ "nweghachi" nke "ụdị ndị na adabere na nchekwa" dị ka usoro na aga n'ihu karịa ọnọdụ "nweghachiri / na agbake" dị mfe nwere ike ịkwalite ikike ijikwa ụdị dị otú ahụ n'ime usoro nke Iwu Ụdị Dị n'Ime Egwu. Site na mfu na aga n'ihu nke ebe obibi, mmebi nke okike okike, mmetụta na arịwanye elu nke ụdị ndị na abụghị nke ala, o yikarịrị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụdị ndị dabere na nchekwa ga-abawanye.

A tụwo aro na mmepe nke "nkwekọrịta nchịkwa nzaghachi", na nkwekọrịta iwu na nke anụ ahụ ga enye maka nlekọta nchekwa na aga n'ihu na esote mwepụ. Ojiji nke nkwekọrịta ndị dị otú ahụ ga eme ka ọrụ nchịkwa dị n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị etiti na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmenti etiti ndị ọzọ, yana gọọmentị steeti, mpaghara, na agbụrụ, yana ụlọ ọrụ onwe onye gosipụtara ikike igbo mkpa nke ụdị ndị na adabere na nchekwa.^[7]

Hụkwa

Ihe odide

↑ J. Michael Scott, US Geological Survey (December 2008). Endangered Species and Other Conservation Reliant Species. 9th National Conference on Science, Policy, and the Environment (Washington, D.C.). NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT. Archived from the original on 2010-06-13. Retrieved on 2009-02-27.
↑ Goble (2006). The Endangered Species Act at Thirty: Renewing the Conservation Promise. Island Press, xii, 299. ISBN 978-1-59726-009-1.
↑ Scott (Jan 2007). "AOU Conservation Award, 2006". The Auk 124 (1): 353–355. DOI:[353:ACA2.0.CO;2 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[353:ACA]2.0.CO;2]. ISSN 0004-8038.
↑ Conservation Reliant Species: Our New Relationship with Nature. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved on 2023-04-17.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Scott (August 21, 2008). Conservation Reliant Species:Our New Relationship with Nature?. CSP3900 Conservation Science Web Conference Series. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Archived from the original on 2017-01-25. Retrieved on 2009-02-21.
↑ R Maraj, J Seidensticker (2006). Assessment of a Framework for Monitoring Tiger Population Trends in India. A Report to the IUCN: World Conservation Union and India's Project Tiger 7–9. Govt. of India, Project Tiger. Archived from the original on 2009-02-25. Retrieved on 2009-02-22.
↑ Scott (September 2005). "Recovery of imperiled species under the Endangered Species Act: The need for a new approach". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3 (7): 383–89. DOI:[0383:ROISUT2.0.CO;2 10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0383:ROISUT]2.0.CO;2]. ISSN 1540-9295. Retrieved on 2009-02-22.

[NCSE-1] J. Michael Scott, US Geological Survey (December 2008). Endangered Species and Other Conservation Reliant Species. 9th National Conference on Science, Policy, and the Environment (Washington, D.C.). NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT. Archived from the original on 2010-06-13. Retrieved on 2009-02-27.

[Goble-2] Goble (2006). The Endangered Species Act at Thirty: Renewing the Conservation Promise. Island Press, xii, 299. ISBN 978-1-59726-009-1.

[Scott-3] Scott (Jan 2007). "AOU Conservation Award, 2006". The Auk 124 (1): 353–355. DOI:[353:ACA2.0.CO;2 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[353:ACA]2.0.CO;2]. ISSN 0004-8038.

[4] Conservation Reliant Species: Our New Relationship with Nature. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved on 2023-04-17.

[Scott1-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Scott (August 21, 2008). Conservation Reliant Species:Our New Relationship with Nature?. CSP3900 Conservation Science Web Conference Series. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Archived from the original on 2017-01-25. Retrieved on 2009-02-21.

[Maraj-6] R Maraj, J Seidensticker (2006). Assessment of a Framework for Monitoring Tiger Population Trends in India. A Report to the IUCN: World Conservation Union and India's Project Tiger 7–9. Govt. of India, Project Tiger. Archived from the original on 2009-02-25. Retrieved on 2009-02-22.

[Scott2-7] Scott (September 2005). "Recovery of imperiled species under the Endangered Species Act: The need for a new approach". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3 (7): 383–89. DOI:[0383:ROISUT2.0.CO;2 10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0383:ROISUT]2.0.CO;2]. ISSN 1540-9295. Retrieved on 2009-02-22.

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