Ụbara Asụsụ Maban

Asụsụ Maban bụ obere ezi na ụlọ nke asụsụ ndị a gụnyere na ezi na ụlọ Nilo-Sahara. A na-asụ asụsụ Maban n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Chad, Central African Republic na ọdịda anyanwụ Sudan (Darfur).

Asụsụ dị iche iche

Ngalaba Maban gụnyere asụsụ ndị a:

Mimi nke Nachtigal
Kenjeje (Yaali, Faranga)
Masalit: Surbakhal, Masalit
Aiki (Runga na Kibet, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-ewere ya dị ka asụsụ dị iche)
Mabang: Karanga, Marfa, Maba

Asụsụ ndị a gbara akaebe na ndepụta okwu abụọ a na-akpọ "Mimi", nke Decorse (Mimi-D) na Nachtigal (Mimi -N) chịkọtara, a na-ekewapụkwa ha dị ka Maban, ọ bụ ezie na a na-agbagha nke a. Mimi-N pụtara ihe a ọ nwere njikọ dịpụrụ adịpụ na Maban n'onwe ya, ebe Mimi-D yiri ka ọ bụghị Maban ma ọlị, na myirịta n'ihi mkparịta ụka asụsụ na Maba na-achịkwa mpaghara.

Blench (2021) na-enye nkewa n'ụzọ dị a:^[1]

Proto-Maban
- ? Mimi nke Nachtigal
- Aiki-Kibet
  - Aiki (= Runga)
  - Kibet
- isi alaka
  - Kendeje
  - Masalit, Surbakhal
  - Maban (= Mabang)
    - Karanga
    - Marfa
    - Maba

Mmekọrịta mpụgara

Na ndabere na ihe akaebe ọdịdị dị ka akara ọnụọgụ atọ na aha, Roger Blench (2021) na-atụ aro na ndị ikwu kacha nso nke asụsụ Maban nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ ndị Sudan nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ, ọkachasị asụsụ Taman, nke mejupụtara alaka n'ime Northern Eastern Sudanic. Maban na-enwekwara okwu yiri asụsụ Fur, asụsụ Sahara, na ọbụna asụsụ Songhay, mana n'ozuzu ya, ọ nwere ọtụtụ okwu yiri asụsụ ndị Sudan nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ.^[1]

Okwu ntụnyere

Blench (2021) na-etinye mgbochiume ndị a maka proto-Maban:^[1]

(p) b	t d	tʃ		k ɡ
	s (z)	ʃ		(h)
m	n		ɲ	ŋ
w	l r		j

O yikarị ka ụdaume bụ ATR abụọ, na ọ dịkarịa ala *ɛ *e *i *ɔ *o *u na ikekwe *ɪ *ʊ, gbakwunyere ogologo.

O yikarị ka enwere ụda ndekọ abụọ tinyere ohere nke ụdaolu na ụdaume ogologo.

Ị̀Nkọwa okwu ndị bụ isi maka asụsụ Maban:

Asụsụ	anya	ntị	imi	ezé	ire	ọnụ	ọbara	ọkpụkpụ	osisi	mmiri	Iri nri	aha
Proto-Maban^[1]	*kàSì-k		*Majọ m	sati-k; sàdí-k / *sadi-ɲi	*delemi-k		*fari-ŋ			ta-k / ta-si	*-a Lag-	*milli-ik
Maba^[2]	kàʃì-k/-ñi	koi-k	boiñ	sati-k	delmi-k	kan-a/-tu	arii	kàñjí-k	soŋgo-k	inji	-afọ-	mílí-i/-síi
Masalit^[2]	kóo-gí/- ee	kwó̀yɛ	dúrmì	kácìŋgi	gélmèdì	kánà	fàríŋ	kónjì	na-atọ ọchị	na	-iny-	mirsi/-ldiŋ
Aiki^[2]	Ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụ n'oge na-adịghị anya	kaàsá	mùndú	sàdí	nadìyím	Yú-k	pày/-ó; fáai	Ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-abụ na ọ ga na-abụ na o ga-abụ.	rí-k	tà-k	- Jaịlịa-	mèek-í/-ú
Kibet^[2]	kàs/-u	kaàsá	ebe a na-eme	sàdí	na-enwe ike	Yú-k	fal/-u; ari	njekedi / njhọdu	ri-k	ta	- Jaịlịa-	m lk-i/- na-enwu
Mimi nke Nachtigal^[3]	kal	kuyi	hur hur hur	ziːk		otu puku	ari	kadʒi		anyanwụ (< ajị anụ?)
Mimi nke Decorse^[4]	onyinyo	feɾ	fir	ɲain		ɲyo			ya	engi	ɲyam

Ọnụ ọgụgụ

Ntụnyere nke ọnụ ọgụgụ n'asụsụ ọ bụla:^[5]

Nchịkọta	Asụsụ	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Maba	Maba	Ọ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma	mbàːr, mbíːr, Mbùl	Somghàːl, káyáŋ	àssàːl, ássíː	Gịːr, gịːr	sit̀tàːl, langíː < Arabic sitta	Mọndiː	na-eme ihe n'ụzọ dị mfe	Ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụ n'oge a ka a ka a na-akpọ ɔ̀ddɔ́yí	Ọ̀ttúɡ
Masalit	Masalit (1)	Tioŋ	mbà	Kaaŋ	Ọ dị anya	tóór	It̪í	mairi	na-adịgide adịgide	àyi	Ọ na-adịkarị
Masalit	Masalit (2)	tishyom (na-enweghị aha), tish (na n.)	mbara ala	N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'oge a ka a	dị ka	tur	ya na	maịl	aya aya	adey	Utuk
Masalit	Masalit (3)	tyǒm (na-enweghị aha), tíiilò (na n.)	mbà	Kaaŋ	As	gị	n'ihi ya	mairi	n'afọ	nadɛ́i	Ọtúk
Runga-Kibet	Kibet	doˈwai	mba maka	khasaŋˈɡal	ʔaːtal	tor	ʔiˈsal	mɪndɪrˈsɪʔ	mbaːkhl	khaˈdɛijə	Ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akọwa ya
Runga-Kibet	Runga	khanˈda	mba	khazaŋɡa	na-abịa n'ụra	tur	n'ime afọ	mɪnˈdirsi	mbɑkadeli	khaddɛl	jtukị

Hụkwa ihe ndị a

Ndepụta okwu Maban (Wiktionary)

Edensibia

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Blench, Roger. 2021. The Maban languages and their place within Nilo-Saharan.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Edgar, John T. 1991. Maba-group Lexicon. (Sprache und Oralität in Afrika: Frankfurter Studien zur Afrikanistik, 13.) Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
↑ Lukas, Johannes & Otto Völckers. 1938. G. Nachtigal's Aufzeichnungen über die Sprache der Mimi in Wadai. Zeitschrift für Eingeborenensprachen 29. 145‒154.
↑ Gaudefroy-Demombynes, Maurice. 1907. Document sur les Langues de l'Oubangui-Chari. In Actes du XVIe Congrès International des Orientalistes, Alger, 1905, Part II, 172-330. Paris: Ernest Leroux.
↑ Chan (2019). The Nilo-Saharan Language Phylum. Numeral Systems of the World's Languages.

[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Nnyocha mmekọrịta na asụsụ nke asụsụ Kibet, Rounga, Daggal na Mourro nke Chad. SIL International.

Agụmagu ndị ọzọ

[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Otu Maba Lexicon. (Sprache und Oralität in Afrika: Frankfurter Studien zur Afrikanistik, 13.) Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Nzọụkwụ Mbụ Na-aga n'ihu Proto-Maba. Asụsụ na Ọdịbendị Afrịka 4: 113-133.

Njikọ mpụgara

[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] N'elu Mimi

[Blench-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Blench, Roger. 2021. The Maban languages and their place within Nilo-Saharan.

[Edgar1991-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Edgar, John T. 1991. Maba-group Lexicon. (Sprache und Oralität in Afrika: Frankfurter Studien zur Afrikanistik, 13.) Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.

[3] Lukas, Johannes & Otto Völckers. 1938. G. Nachtigal's Aufzeichnungen über die Sprache der Mimi in Wadai. Zeitschrift für Eingeborenensprachen 29. 145‒154.

[4] Gaudefroy-Demombynes, Maurice. 1907. Document sur les Langues de l'Oubangui-Chari. In Actes du XVIe Congrès International des Orientalistes, Alger, 1905, Part II, 172-330. Paris: Ernest Leroux.

[ChanNumeralsNS-5] Chan (2019). The Nilo-Saharan Language Phylum. Numeral Systems of the World's Languages.

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