Ọrụ ugbo buru ibu
Oke ugbo ma ọ bụ nnukwu ọrụ ugbo (na-emegide ọrụ ugbo siri ike) bụ usoro mmepụta ugbo nke na-eji obere ntinye nke ọrụ, fatịlaịza, na isi obodo, dabere na mpaghara ala a na-akọ.
Usoro
dezie
Ịkpa oke ugbo na-apụtakarị ịzụ atụrụ na ehi na mpaghara ọrụ ugbo dị ala, mana gụnye nnukwu itolite ọka wit, ọka bali, mmanụ nri na ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ na mpaghara dịka Murray-Darling Basin na Australia. N'ebe a, n'ihi oke afọ na ịda ogbenye nke ala, ihe ọkụkụ kwa hectare dị obere, mana ala dị larịị na oke ugbo buru ibu pụtara ihe na-amịpụta kwa nkeji ọrụ dị elu. Ịzụ anụ ụlọ bụ nnukwu ihe atụ nke oke ọrụ ugbo, ebe ndị na-azụ anụ na-ebuga anụmanụ ha iji nri sitere na mmiri ozuzo mgbe ụfọdụ.
Ọdịdị ala
dezieA na-ahụ ọrụ ugbo sara mbara na mpaghara etiti latitude nke ọtụtụ kọntinent, yana mpaghara ọzara ebe mmiri maka ịkọ ugbo adịghị. Ọdịdị nke ọrụ ugbo sara mbara pụtara na ọ chọrọ obere mmiri ozuzo karịa ọrụ ugbo siri ike. Ugbo ahụ na-adịkarị ukwuu ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ego a na-emefu na ya. N'afọ 1957, ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Western Australia nwere ebe ịta nri dara ogbenye nke na ọ bụ naanị otu atụrụ na square mile nwere ike ịkwado.[1]
Dị nnọọ ka ihe achọrọ emeela ka e kewaa ihe ọkụkụ na ọrụ ịkpa anụ, a pụkwara kewaa mpaghara ndị a dabere na mmiri ozuzo nke mpaghara ahụ, ụdị ahịhịa na ọrụ ugbo n'ime mpaghara ahụ na ọtụtụ oghere ndị ọzọ metụtara data a.
Uru ya
dezieỌrụ ugbo buru ibu nwere ọtụtụ uru karịa ọrụ ugbo siri ike:
- A chọrọ obere ọrụ n'otu mpaghara iji kọọ nnukwu mpaghara, ọkachasị ebe ọ bụ na mgbanwe dị oke ọnụ na ala (dị ka terracing) adịghị kpamkpam.
- Enwere ike iji mechanisation mee ihe nke ọma karịa nnukwu ebe dị larịị.
- Ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma pụtara n'ozuzu ọnụahịa ngwaahịa dị ala.
- A na-eme ka ọdịmma anụmanụ dịkwuo mma n'ihi na anaghị etinye anụmanụ n'ọnọdụ na-egbu mgbochi.
- Ihe ndị dị ala maka ntinye dị ka fatịlaịza.
- Ọ bụrụ na a na-azụ ụmụ anụmanụ n'ala ahịhịa nke obodo ahụ, o yighị ka ọ ga-enwe nsogbu na ụdị anụmanụ ndị ọzọ.
- Anụ anụ ụlọ ahụ ga-atọ ụtọ ma na-amasị ndị ahịa.
- Mpaghara na ala anaghị emebi site na iji kemịkal mee ihe n'ụzọ gabigara ókè.
- Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi dị ala.
- Anụmanụ a zụlitere n'ebe ndị buru ibu na-eto nke ọma.
Ọghọm ya
dezieỌrụ ugbo nwere ike ịnwe nsogbu ndị a:
- Mkpụrụ osisi na-adịkarị ala karịa nke ọrụ ugbo siri ike n'oge dị mkpirikpi.
- Nnukwu ala achọrọ na-egbochi ebe obibi nke ụdị ọhịa (n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ọbụna ọnụego dị ala nwere ike ịdị ize ndụ), dịka ọ dị na ọrụ ugbo siri ike.
- Ọrụ ugbo na-abaghị uru mgbe ahụ na square acreage.
A na-eche na ọrụ ugbo buru ibu na-emepụta methane na nitrous oxide kwa kilogram nke mmiri ara ehi karịa ọrụ ugbo siri ike.[2] Otu nnyocha mere atụmatụ na carbon "footprint" kwa ijeri kilogram (2.2 ijeri lb.) nke mmiri ara ehi e mepụtara na 2007 bụ pasent 37 nke mmepụta mmiri ara ehi ya na 1944. [3] Otú ọ dị, nnyocha e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya site na Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement chọpụtara na usoro anụ ụlọ buru ibu na-emetụta gburugburu ebe obibi karịa usoro siri ike.[4]
Hụkwa
dezieEbem si dee
dezie- ↑ Wadham, Sir Samuel; Wilson, R. Kent and Wood, Joyce (1957) Land Utilization in Australia (3rd edition), Melbourne University Press.
- ↑ Johnson (1995). "Methane emissions from cattle". Journal of Animal Science 73 (8): 2483–92. DOI:10.2527/1995.7382483x. PMID 8567486.
- ↑ Capper (2009). "The environmental impact of dairy production: 1944 compared with 2007". Journal of Animal Science 87 (6): 2160–7. DOI:10.2527/jas.2009-1781. PMID 19286817. Retrieved on 2018-11-04.
- ↑ Vigne (2014). Efficiency of livestock systems in harsh environment. Perspective - Development strategies. Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement. Retrieved on 30 September 2022.