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Ọrịa sitere n'ikuku

Ọrịa sitere n'ikuku

Ọrịa ikuku bụ ọrịa ọbụla nke nje na-ebute ya si n'ikuku ma nwee ike ikesa ya bụ ọrịa mgbe ha nọ n'ikuku site n'ụmụ irighiri ihe dị n'ikuku. [1] Oria ndị dị ka nke a dị nnukwu mkpa n'ebe ọmụmụ ọgwụ mmadụ na anụmanụ. Nje ndị a nwere ike bụrụ nje, bakteria maọbụ fungi, nke nwere ike ikesa ọrịa site n'iku ume, ikwu okwu, ịkwa ụkwara, ize uzere, ikpo ájá, ịgba mmiri, ikpochapụ nsị na mposi maọbụ ihe omume ọbụla nwere ike ịtụhapụ irighiri ihe ma ọbụ irighiri mmiri.

Ọtụtụ mgbe, nje ikuku maọbụ nje ndị ọzọ na-akpata ahụ mgbu nke imi, akpịrị, ohere ndị dị n'ahụ, nakwa ngugu, na-ebute ụkwara ụfụ akpịrị, na mgbaàmà ndị ọzọ nwere ike ị metụta ọbụna akụkụ ahụ ndị ọzọ.

Ọtụtụ ọrịa na-efe efe a na-ahụ na abụkarị ọrịa ikuku, gụnyere ma ọ bụghị naanị: coronavairọs, vairọs arụ̀bara, vairọs kị́tị́kpa;[2] baktéria nke ụkwara nta, vairọs mbarakụ̀, vairọs bi n'eriri afọ, vairọs agbọ́ na onyụnyụ, na ndị a naghị ahụkarị dịka, vairọs na-ebute ọrịa na akụkụ ahụ ụfọdụ, na ikekwe vairọs ndị na-emetụta iku ume.[3] Oria na-efe efe ka nke a ka a na-akwụnye ìgwè nkuume mgbe a na-agwọ ya.

Nchịkọta

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Ihe na-akpata ọrịa ikuku bụ mbufe nke ụmụ nje na-ebugharị ọrịa n'ikuku. Ha nwere ike site n'isi mmalite ọrịa dịka site mmiri ahụ anụmanụ bụ ọrịa a maọbụ mmadụ maọbụ n'ikpo dọti dịka ebe a na-ekpopu dọti. A na-akpọkwa ụmụ nje ndị na-ebute ọrịa a nje ọrịa. Ha nwere ike gbasaa ọrịa n'ikuku, uzuzu, maọbụ na mmiri, nke nwere ike ịnọtụ n'ikuku mee ogologo njem dịtụ anya. Dịka ihe ọmụmaatụ, uzere nwere ike ị fesa ụmụ nje ọrịa na-efe efe ga-anọchi otu ogologo ụgbọala.[4]

Ikute nje ọrịa na-efe efe si n'ikuku na-ebutekarị mgbu ahụ ma na emetụtakwa usoro nkute ume n'ahụ mmadụ. Ọrịa ikuku nke mmadụ agụnyeghị ọnọdụ ọbụla mmebi ikuku kpatara, kama mmebi ikuku na-arụ oké ọrụ ọrịa ikuku nke na-abụghị nke mmadụ metụtara ọrịa ume ọkụ. A na-ekwu na ihe ndị na-emetọ ikuku na emetụta ọrụ ngụgụ site n'ibute ahụ mgbu nke ụzọ nkute ume.[5]

Nje ọrịa ikuku nwekwara ike imetụta anụmanụ. Iji maa atụ, ọrịa Newcastle bụ ọrịa ọkụkọ nke ná-emetụta ọtụtụ ọkụkọ a na-akpa akpa dị iche iche n'ụwa niile bụ nke nke na-ekesa site na mmebi ikuku.[6]

Mbúfè

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Ọrịa ndị na-efe efe na-ekesa mgbe ndị ahụ zuru okè kutere ụmụ irighiri mmiri bụ ọrịa, maọbụ irighiri mmiri a bara ha n'anya, ọnụ maọbụ n'imi. Ọ dịchaghị mkpa na onye ahụ́ zuru okè ga-enwe mkpọkọrịta ihu maọbụ nọrọ n'otu ụlọ ya onye nwere ọrịa tupu ọ bute ọrịa a. Okpomọkụ na iru mmiri bụ ụdịdịụbọchị(n'ezi) na mmadụ (n'ime ụlọ) na-arụ ọrụ n'ihe gbasara nkesa ọrịa ikuku. Ihe ndị ọzọ na-enye aka ná nkesa irighiri mmiri bụ ikuku, mmiri ozuzo, na akparamagwa mmadụ nakwa ịdị ọcha.

  • Mgbe e nwere ụdịdịụbọchị dịpụrụ adịpụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nje fungi naakpagharị n'ikuku na-ebelata; a na-enweta ọnụ ọgụgụ nje fungi na-adikari elu n'uzo dị nnukwu mgbe ụbọchị ole na ole gafere, tụnyere ọnọdụ nkịtị ha.[7]
  • Ọnọdụ akụnụba nke ọha nwere obere ọrụ na mbúfè ọrịa ikuku. N'obodo ndị mepere emepe, mgbasa nke ọrịa ikuku na-adikari irè karịa nke ime obodo mpụga obodo. Ime obodo na-anabatakari oké mgbasa ọrịa ikuku sitere na nje fungi.[8]
  • Nnọketa nnukwu mmiri dịka osimiri na ọdọ mmiri nwere ike bụrụ ihe kpatara ntiwapụ ụfọdụ ọrịa ikuku.[9]
  • Enweghị ezigbo usoro ndozi n'uzo eji ejikwa ikuku ebutela ntiwapụ nke ọrịa bakteria a na-akpọ Legionella pneumophilia. [10]
  • Ọrịa ikuku e butere site n'uloọgwụ n'enweghị ezigbo usoro ịgwọ ọrịa na-akpata.

Mgbochi

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Ụfọdụ ụzọ iji gbochie ọrịa ikùkù gụnyere ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa ahụ a na-akpọ ọgwụ mgbochi, bụ iyinye mkpuchi ihu nakwa izere onye ọbụla nwere ike ibu ọrịa a. [11] Mmekọrịta ahụ nke mmadụ maọbụ anụmanụ bu ọrịa ikuku a bụchaghị na a ga-ebute ọrịa a, n'ihi na mbute ọrịa a dabere na ikike nke ụmụ obuagha mgbochi ahụ mmadu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ irighiri nje na-efe efe nke mmadụ kutere. [12] E nwere ike iji ọgwụ mgbochi nje bakteria luso bakteria na-ebute ọrịa ikuku agha dịka ọrịa iku ume na-efe efe. [13] Ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara ahụike nke ọha na-atụputa arọ ị kpachara anya adị ọcha n'ahụ na ị weguza onwe onye n'etiti ndị mmadu (nke a na-akpọkwa ịkpara okere n'etiti mmadụ na mmadụ) i ji wee belata ọrịa ikùkù na-efe efè.[14]

Ọ gaghị adị mfe ị belata ndịegwù dị na mbute ọrịa ikùkù na-efe efè, ma na ị ghara igbochi ọrịa. Iji wedata ohere ibute oria:

  • Hapụ mmekọrịta ahụ nke gị na nke ndị bụ ọrịa.
  • Yiri ihe mkpuchi ihu.
  • Kpuchie ọnụ gị mgbe ị na-akwa ụkwara maọbụ eze uzere.
  • Kwọchaa aka gị abụọ nke ọma mgbe ọbụla ị nwere ike, opeka mpe sekọnd iri abụọ

Zere imetụ aka n'ihu gị maọbụ n'ahụ ndị ọzọ na-akwọghị aka. [15]

References

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  1. ↑ Siegel JD, Rhinehart E, Jackson M, Chiarello L, Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. "2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Healthcare Settings" (PDF). CDC. p. 19. Retrieved 7 February 2019. Airborne transmission occurs by dissemination of either airborne droplet nuclei or small particles in the respirable size range containing infectious agents that remain infective over time and distance
  2. ↑ Pica N, Bouvier NM (2012). "Environmental Factors Affecting the Transmission of Respiratory Viruses". Curr Opin Virol. 2 (1): 90–5. doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2011.12.003. PMC 3311988. PMID 22440971.
  3. ↑ 497–507. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.487.177. doi:10.1017/s0953756204001777. PMID 15912938.
  4. ↑ https://www.chicagotribune.com/opinion/ct-xpm-2014-04-19-ct-sneeze-germs-edit-20140419-story.html
  5. ↑ "Airborne diseases". Archived from the original on 28 June 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  6. ↑ Mitchell, Bailey W.; King, Daniel J. (October–December 1994). "Effect of Negative Air Ionization on Airborne Transmission of Newcastle Disease Virus". Avian Diseases. 38 (4): 725–732. doi:10.2307/1592107. JSTOR 1592107.
  7. ↑ 497–507. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.487.177. doi:10.1017/s0953756204001777. PMID 15912938.
  8. ↑ Peternel R, Culig J, Hrga I (2004). "Atmospheric concentrations of Cladosporium spp. and Alternaria spp. spores in Zagreb (Croatia) and effects of some meteorological factors". Ann Agric Environ Med. 11 (2): 303–7. PMID 15627341.
  9. ↑ See reference 2
  10. ↑ "Legionnaire disease". Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  11. ↑ Laura Ester Ziady; Nico Small (2006). Prevent and Control Infection: Application Made Easy. Juta and Company Ltd. pp. 119–120. ISBN 9780702167904. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  12. ↑ Ibid
  13. ↑ "Redirect - Vaccines: VPD-VAC/VPD menu page". 7 February 2019.
  14. ↑ Glass RJ, Glass LM, Beyeler WE, Min HJ (November 2006). "Targeted social distancing design for pandemic influenza". Emerging Infect. Dis. 12 (11): 1671–81. doi:10.3201/eid1211.060255. PMC 3372334. PMID 17283616.
  15. ↑ Pietrangelo Ann. What Are Airborne Diseases? Healthline 19 March 2020. https://www.healthline.com/health/airborne-diseases. Accessed on 13 April 2020
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