Ọkụ ifufe

Ihe mgbochi ikuku (ebe nchekwa) bụ ihe ọkụkụ na-enwekarị otu ahịrị osisi ma ọ bụ osisi ndị a na-akụ n'ụzọ iji chebe ala pụọ na mbuze. A na-akụkarị ha n'ogige dị n'akụkụ akụkụ ubi n'ubi. Ọ bụrụ na emebere ya nke ọma, ikuku ikuku na gburugburu ụlọ nwere ike ibelata ọnụ ahịa ikpo ọkụ na oyi ma chekwaa ike. A na-akụkwa ihe mgbochi ikuku iji nyere aka mee ka snow ghara ịfefe n'okporo ụzọ ma ọ bụ mbara ala.[1] Ndị ọrụ ugbo na-eji ihe mgbochi ikuku na-eme mgbe ụfọdụ ka snow na-efegharị n'ala ugbo nke ga-enye mmiri mgbe snow gbazere n'oge opupu ihe ubi. Uru ndị ọzọ gụnyere inye aka na microclimate gburugburu ihe ọkụkụ (nke na-adị ntakịrị ihicha na oyi n'abalị), inye anụ ọhịa ebe obibi, [2] na, na mpaghara ụfọdụ, inye osisi ma ọ bụrụ na a na-egbute osisi.^[1]

Enwere ike ijikọ ihe nkwụsị ikuku na ịkọrọ ọnụ n'omume ọrụ ugbo nke a na-akpọ alleycropping, ma ọ bụ na-ebuga ya n'akụkụ ọnya nchekwa mmiri.[3] A na-akụ ubi n'ahịrị nke ihe ọkụkụ dị iche iche gbara ahịrị osisi gbara ya gburugburu. Osisi ndị a na-enye mkpụrụ osisi, osisi, ma ọ bụ na-echebe ihe ọkụkụ ahụ pụọ na ifufe. Ịkụ osisi Alley enweela ihe ịga nke ọma na India, Africa, na Brazil, ebe ndị na-akụ kọfị jikọtara ọrụ ugbo na oke ọhịa.^[2]

Ihe ọzọ a na-eme maka bel nchekwa bụ ịlele ugbo site n'okporo ụzọ ma ọ bụ okporo ụzọ.[5] Nke a na-eme ka ala ubi dịkwuo mma site n'ibelata mbanye a na-ahụ anya nke okporo ụzọ, na-ebelata mkpọtụ okporo ụzọ na inye ihe mgbochi dị n'etiti anụmanụ ugbo na okporo ụzọ.

A na-ejikwa mgbidi a na-akpọ "windbreaks". A na-ejikarị ogho, naịlọn, ákwà, na ákwà ifufe eme ihe, ikuku na-enwekarị ogwe atọ ma ọ bụ karịa ejide ya na ogwe osisi ndị na-agbadata n'akpa uwe a dụkọtara n'ime panel ahụ. Mgbe ahụ, a na-etinye osisi ndị ahụ n'ime ala ma mepụta ikuku. A na-eji windbreaks ma ọ bụ "mgbidi ifufe" belata ọsọ ifufe n'ebe ndị na-emebi emebi dị ka ogige mepere emepe, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, na ọrụ mmepụta uzuzu. Dị ka mbuze na-adabere na ọsọ ifufe, mbelata nke ọsọ ifufe nke 1/2 (dịka ọmụmaatụ) ga-ebelata mbuze site na 87.5%. ^{[citation needed]}

A na-akpọ ebe ndị ikuku na-enweghị ikuku nke ikuku na-eme ka ha ghara ikuku.

Windbreaks nwere ike ibelata mmetụta nke ọgwụ ahụhụ.^[3]

Nlegharị anya n'elu nke ikuku na-emebi n'ọhịaNorth Dakota
Otu n'ime ụlọ ndị mbụ naSvappavaara, nke e mere site naRalph Erskine, nke na-eme ka ikuku na-agafe agafe
Ifufe na-agbaLesja, Norway, a na-ejikwa ya na-anakọta snow n'ebe kpọrọ nkụ.

Ụgbọelu na-eme ka ifufe kwụsị

Ihe ngosi nkwalite nke East Germany, 1952

Mgbe ifufe zutere ihe mgbochi, dị ka windbreak ma ọ bụ shelterbelt, ikuku ikuku na-abawanye n'akụkụ ifufe ma na-ebelata n'akụkụ leeward. N'ihi ya, ikuku na-abịaru ihe mgbochi ahụ nso na-akpaghasị, akụkụ ya na-agafe ihe mgbochi, na-akpata jet nke ọsọ ifufe dị elu. Ihe fọdụrụ n'ime ikuku ahụ na-agafe ihe mgbochi ahụ ruo n'akụkụ ya, nke mbelata nrụgide gafee obosara nke ebe nchekwa ahụ na-ebugharị; ka ọ na-apụta ọzọ, ikuku ahụ na'ihu ka ikuku ya na-agbanwe na mpaghara gbara ya gburugburu. Nke a na-eme ka ifufe na-aga n'ihu na-agafe n'ihu, na-eru ihe dịkarịa ala n'ihe dị ka okpukpu 3 ruo 5 nke ịdị elu nke ifufe. Ka ọ gafere ebe ahụ, ọsọ ifufe na-agbake, site n'enyemaka nke iyi na-agafe ngwa ngwa. Site n'echiche nke Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, enwere ike ịghọta mmetụta ndị a dị ka ihe sitere na mfu nke ike kpatara site na ịdọrọ akwụkwọ na alaka ma ga-anọchite anya ya site na ike ahụ f_i (a distributed momentum sink). ^[4]

Windbreaks na-ebelata ọsọ ikuku nke ikuku ma mee ka ọ ghara ịgbanwe agbanwe, na-eme ka ifufe na-agwakọta nke ọma karịa ka ọ na-eme n'ihu ifufe. Tụkwasị na nke a, mgbanwe ndị a niile na omume ifufe na-ebute mgbanwe na gburugburu ebe obibi mpaghara ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmefu ego ike nke ala nwere ike imetụta, ebe ifufe na-ebelata na-ewepụ okpomọkụ sitere n'anyanwụ n'ụzọ na-adịghị irè; omume a nwere ike ịlaghachi n'ihu n'okpuru ifufe, na ihe dị ka okpukpu 8 nke ịdị elu nke ifufe na ala, ifufe nwere ike ịkpata okpomọkụ dị jụụ. ^[5]

Òtù ndị na-akwụsị ikuku

Great Plains Shelterbelt bụ atụmatụ America iji mepụta eriri mgbaba na ala ahịhịa na USA n'oge ájá nke afọ 1930.
Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration na Indian Head, Saskatchewan, Canada kwadoro mkpụrụ osisi nye ndị ọrụ ugbo ala ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 100 afọ iji belata mbuze ala ma mee ka ndụ dị mma na ala dị larịị.

Hụkwa

Ebem si dee

↑ "Role of trees in agriculture". Retrieved on 2018-02-13.
↑ Withgott (2008). Environment: The Science Behind the Stories, 3rd, San Francisco: Pearson Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 978-0131357051.
↑ Ucar (2001). "Windbreaks as a pesticide drift mitigation strategy: A review". Pest Management Science 57 (8): 663–675. DOI:10.1002/ps.341.
↑ Wilson (1985). "Numerical studies of flow through a windbreak". Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 21 (2): 119–154. DOI:10.1016/0167-6105(85)90001-7.
↑ Argete (1989). "The microclimate in the centre of small square sheltered plots". Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 48 (1–2): 185–199. DOI:10.1016/0168-1923(89)90016-6.

[1] "Role of trees in agriculture". Retrieved on 2018-02-13.

[2] Withgott (2008). Environment: The Science Behind the Stories, 3rd, San Francisco: Pearson Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 978-0131357051.

[3] Ucar (2001). "Windbreaks as a pesticide drift mitigation strategy: A review". Pest Management Science 57 (8): 663–675. DOI:10.1002/ps.341.

[4] Wilson (1985). "Numerical studies of flow through a windbreak". Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 21 (2): 119–154. DOI:10.1016/0167-6105(85)90001-7.

[5] Argete (1989). "The microclimate in the centre of small square sheltered plots". Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 48 (1–2): 185–199. DOI:10.1016/0168-1923(89)90016-6.

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