Ọdachi
| obere ụdị nke | calamity, hazard, condition, cause of death, okwu gbasara ọha  |
|---|---|
| akara ala | καταστροφή |
| mụrụ ya | catastrophe theory |
| kọwara na URL | http://servicios.infoleg.gob.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/240000-244999/242082/norma.htm |
| has contributing factor | Ala ọma jijiji, conflagration, idei mmiri |
| akụkọ ihe mere eme nke isiokwu | history of disasters |
| handled, mitigated, or managed by | disaster preparedness, disaster response |
. [1] [2] [3]Ọdachi bụ nnukwu nsogbu na-eme n'ime oge nke na-ebute mfu mmadụ, ihe, mmetụta, akụ ma ọ bụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke ezinụlọ obodo ma ọ bụ ọha mmadụ ihe mmetụta iji nagide iji ihe nke ya. A na-ekewa ịhụnanya gaa n' ụdị " ndị na-emere onwe ha " nke ihe ize ndụ ndị na-emere onwe ha na-akpata ma ọ bụ "ọdachi ndị mmadụ na-akpata" na-akpata site n'ihe ize ndụ ndụ ụmụ mmadụ. Otú ọ dị, n'oge a, nkewa dị n'etiti ngwaọrụ ndị sitere n'okike, nke mmadụ mere na nke mmadụ mere ngwa ngwa siri ike ise.
Ihe atụ nke ihe ize ndụ sitere n'okike egwu oke mmiri ozuzo, idei mmiri, ebili oyi mmiri na ebili mmiri ọkụ, ọkụ mmiri mmiri, ala ọma jijiji, ifufe, mbuze ala, àmụmà, mbufịt mbufịt, ọrụ mgbawa ugwu, ọkụ. ike, na mmiri mmiri . [1] Ọmụma nke ihe egwu anthropogenic tụrụ mpụ, ọgba aghara obodo, iyi egwu, agha, ihe egwu ụlọ ọrụ, ihe egwu injinia, ọkụ, ihe egwu ndị njem na-ebute, na ihe egwu gburugburu ebe. obibi .
. Mba ndị na-emepe egwu na-enweta nnukwu ego mgbe ụfọdụ dakwasịrị - ihe ụmụaka 95% nke ọnwụ niile nke ihe egwu na-akpata na-eme na mba ndị ka na-emepe ụzọ, na mfu n'ihi ihe ize ndụ sitere n 'okike ji okpukpu 20 uzo (dị ka kaadị nke nnukwu ụlọ ) na mba ndị ka na-emepe ụzọ ụzọ mba ndị mepere emepe
. [4]Okwu sitere na Middle French désastre</link> na nke si Old Italian disastro</link> , nke n'aka nke ya sitere na prefix pejorative Greek ochie ochie δυσ</link> - ( dus - ) "ọjọọ" [1] na ἀστήρ</link> ( aster ), "kpakpando". [2] Mgbọrọgwụ nke okwu ahụ ("kpakpando ego" na Grik) sitere n'ịche echiche nke mmetụta a na-ata na ọnọdụ nke mbara ala
A na-ekewakarị ọdachi gaa n'okike ma ọ bụ nke mmadụ mere. Otú ọ dị, n'oge a, nkewa dị n'etiti ọdachi ndị sitere n'okike, nke mmadụ mere na nke mmadụ mere ngwa ngwa siri nnọọ ike ise. [1] [2] [3]
. [5]Ọdachi dị a anya anya, bụ́ ebe a na-anya otu ihe agba ya, na-agha na mba ndị ka na-emepe gbara . Ọdachi iche nwere ike ike esereselite ihe nke abụọ na-egosipụta. Ihe atụ mara mma bụ ala ọma jijiji nke na-ebute mbufụt mbufịt, na-ebute idei mmiri n'afọ oké osimiri, na-ebute ihe nke ụlọ ọrụ ike (dị ka elekere Fukushima). E kwuwo n ụzọ na- isiokwu ezi na-ekwu na ọ bụ ihe okike, dị ka ọkụ ọkụ na mmiri ozuzo acid
metụtara ihe egwu eke
dezieỌdachi ndị nwere njikọ na ihe egwu okike ka a na-akpọkarị ọdachi ndị na-emere onwe ha n'agbanyeghị na a na-akpọ okwu a okwu ụgha kemgbe ogologo oge. [6]
| Ọmụmaatụ | Profaịlụ |
|---|---|
| Oké mmiri ozuzo | Na mberede, oke mmiri ozuzo na-agbada na mkpọda, na-eme mgbe ma ọ bụ ihe na-akpalite ebumpụta ụwa, dị ka ịkwanye site na snow ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ mmiri ozuzo, ma ọ bụ ihe na-akpali akpali, dị ka ihe mgbawa ma ọ bụ skier azụ azụ. |
| Blizzard | Nnukwu oke mmiri ozuzo nke ifufe siri ike na obere okpomọkụ mara |
| Ala ọma jijiji | Ma jijiji nke jikọrọ ọnụ nke ụwa, nke ike mgbawa mgbawa n'okpuru ala kpatara na-agbaji ma na-atụgharị nkume n'okpuru elu ụwa. |
| Ọkụ (anụ ọhịa) | Ọkụ na-esi n'ebe ndị mmadụ bi na nke na-ebute ihe ize ndụ ịgbasa n'ebe ndị mmadụ bi (leekwa Wildfire § Mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe ) |
| Iju mmiri | Idei mmiri na-egbuke egbuke: Obere ọwa mmiri, olulu mmiri, ebe mmiri akọrọ, ọwara mmiri, ọwa mmiri ma ọ bụ ọbụna ebe dị ala na-ejupụta ngwa ngwa (leekwa Mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe ) |
| Mmiri na-ezo | Mmiri ozuzo na-eme mgbe ihu igwe dị n'èzí dị n'okpuru oyi |
| Okpomọkụ ife | Ogologo oge nke oke ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ n'ihe gbasara usoro ihu igwe na-emebu na mpaghara na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ maka oge (leekwa mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe § Okpomọkụ ebili mmiri na oke okpomọkụ ). |
| Mbibi | Ihe omume geological nke gụnyere ọtụtụ mmegharị ala, dịka ọdịda nkume, ọdịda miri emi nke mkpọda na irighiri ihe na-emighị emi. |
| Àmụmà tie | Mwepu ọkụ eletrik nke ọkụ na-ebute, na-abụkarị n'oge égbè eluigwe |
| Ọkpụkpụ limnic | Mgbawa nke carbon dioxide na mberede sitere na mmiri ọdọ mmiri miri emi |
| Okpomọkụ cyclone | Usoro mmiri ozuzo na-agbagharị ngwa ngwa nke e ji ebe etiti nrụgide dị ala, mgbasa ozi ikuku dị ala mechiri emechi, ifufe siri ike, na nhazi okirikiri nke égbè eluigwe nke na-emepụta oké mmiri ozuzo na squalls (lee kwa Tropical cyclones na mgbanwe ihu igwe ) |
| Tsunami | Usoro ebili mmiri na-akụtu n'ikpere mmiri siri ike, nke kachasị n'ihi nchụpụ nke oke mmiri, ọkachasị oke osimiri ma ọ bụ nnukwu ọdọ mmiri, nke a na-ebutekarị site na ala ọma jijiji, mgbawa ugwu mgbawa, mgbawa mmiri dị n'okpuru mmiri, mbuze ala, glacier calvings, meteorite mmetụta na nsogbu ndị ọzọ n'elu ma ọ bụ n'okpuru mmiri |
| Mgbawa ugwu | Ntọhapụ nke magma na-ekpo ọkụ, ntụ mgbawa ugwu na/ma ọ bụ gas sitere na ugwu mgbawa |
| Ọdachi | Profaịlụ |
| Bioterrorism | Ntọhapụ ma ọ bụ ịgbasa ụma na-ekesa ihe ndị dị ndụ dịka ụzọ mmanye |
| Ọgba aghara obodo | Ọgbaghara nke otu ndị mmadụ kpatara nke nwere ike ịgụnye nọdụ ọdụ na ụdị mgbochi ndị ọzọ, ọgbaghara, imebi iwu na ụdị mpụ ndị ọzọ, nke e bu n'obi ka ọ bụrụ ihe ngosi nye ọha na eze na gọọmentị, mana nwere ike ịba n'ọgba aghara n'ozuzu. |
| Ọkụ (obodo) | Ọbụlagodi na koodu ọkụ ụlọ siri ike, ndị mmadụ ka na-ala n'iyi n'ọkụ |
| Awụfu ihe dị ize ndụ | Mgbapụ nke ihe siri ike, mmiri mmiri, ma ọ bụ gas nwere ike imerụ ndị mmadụ, ihe ndị ọzọ dị ndụ, ihe onwunwe ma ọ bụ gburugburu ebe obibi, site na gburugburu ebe obibi ha na-achịkwa dị ka akpa. |
| Ihe mberede nuklia na radieshon | Ihe omume metụtara mwepụta dị ịrịba ama nke redioactivity na gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụ ihe mgbaze nke na-eduga na nnukwu nsonaazụ na-adịghị mma nye ndị mmadụ, gburugburu ebe obibi, ma ọ bụ ihe owuwu ahụ. |
| Ike ọdịda | Ihe kpatara n'oge ọkọchị ma ọ bụ oke mmiri ozuzo, àmụmà ma ọ bụ akụrụngwa na-egwu ala n'ebe adịghị mma |
ihe omume, gbadoro anya n'oge na oghere, nke obodo na-enwe nnukwu ihe egwu ma na-ebute mfu ndị dị otú ahụ na ndị òtù ya na ọdịdị anụ ahụ nke na-emebi usoro mmekọrịta ọha na eze ma gbochie mmezu nke ihe niile ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ ọrụ dị mkpa nke ọha mmadụ. [7]
Dị ka nkọwa ndị ọzọ nke ọdachi, nkọwa a ọ bụghị nanị na-agụnye akụkụ mmekọrịta nke mmetụta ọdachi na nrụgide nwere ike ịkpata ma na-elekwasị anya na mfu, na-egosi mkpa ọ dị maka nzaghachi mberede dị ka akụkụ nke ọdachi ahụ. [8] Otú ọ dị, ọ naghị ewepụta ọnụ ụzọ ma ọ bụ akpịrịkpa maka mmebi, ọnwụ, ma ọ bụ mmerụ ahụ, n'otu n'otu. </link>[ a chọrọ nkọwa ]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Why natural disasters aren't all that natural. openDemocracy (2020-11-26). Archived from the original on 2020-11-29. Retrieved on 2020-12-29. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Gould (1 December 2016). "Beyond 'natural-disasters-are-not-natural': the work of state and nature after the 2010 earthquake in Chile". Journal of Political Ecology 23 (1): 93. DOI:10.2458/v23i1.20181. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Smith (2006-06-11). There's No Such Thing as a Natural Disaster. Items. Archived from the original on 2021-01-22. Retrieved on 2020-12-29. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":4" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Disaster" in Etymology online
- ↑ Didi Kirsten Tatlow. "Don't Call It 'Smog' in Beijing, Call It a 'Meteorological Disaster", The New York Times, 15 December 2016.
- ↑ Cannon, Terry.
- ↑ Smith 1996 quoted in Kraas (2008). "Megacities as Global Risk Areas", in Marzluff: Urban Ecology: An International Perspective on the Interaction Between Humans and Nature, illustrated, Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9780387734125. Retrieved on 23 August 2017.
- ↑ Smith (1992). Environmental Hazards: Assessing Risk and Reducing Disaster, first, Routledge Physical Environment Series, Routledge. ISBN 9780415012171.
- International Federation of Red Cross na Red Crescent Societies - IFRC
- ReliefWeb nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu maka Nchikota nke Ọrụ Ndị Mmadụ - ReliefWeb
- Ụlọ ọrụ United Nations maka mbelata ihe egwu ọdachi - UNDRR
- EM-DAT Database International Disaster Database nke Center for Research on Epidemiology of Disasters
- Sistemụ Nkwakọba Ọdachi na Ọdachi zuru ụwa ọnụ - ntinye aka nke United Nations Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) na European Commission.
- UN-SPIDER – UN-SPIDER, United Nations Platform for Space based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response], oru ngo nke United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA)